RUNNING HEAD: PSYCHOLOGY 0 PSYCHOLOGY 1 Psychology 8/5/2019 Summary

RUNNING HEAD: PSYCHOLOGY 0
Psychology
8/5/2019

PSYCHOLOGY 1
1. Summary of the activity
The activity inculcates a conversation of a mid-aged woman with a counsellor who
was frequently criticized by her parents. This woman lived with her elderly parents and was
facing some issues like they were very conservative and demanding. She was also being
alleged of reliant on them and lack of initiative in the family. The woman was constantly
trying to point out her parent’s mistakes and was not ready to accept her own faults. She tried
to appear very convincing to her counsellor and wanted to be a ‘good client’. She even
confronted the counsellor that she has been feeling to be more of her then to be untrue in
order to crack the issue and get out with a solution. The counsellor even makes her
understand not to please him in anyway but to be truthful of the facts of her family with him.
The counsellor shall advise her to take up some work to be more of independent in front of
her parents and it will also help her not to be in constant touch with them. He should even
respond her to love and care for her old age parents.
2. Related theory
Effective counselling is a two-way street. Both the individual receiving counselling
and the counsellor need a cooperative effort. It is essential to create a healthy connection
between you and your counsellor that enables you to be totally frank about your ideas and
emotions (Grzanka, Carlos , & Bonnie , 2017). Core listening abilities are fundamental
counselling abilities or practiced methods, which assist the counsellor to listen to the speaker
empathetically. There are six stages of counselling; Stage 1: pre- contemplation, Stage 2:
contemplation, Stage 3: action, Stage 4: action, Stage 5: maintenance, Stage 6: after –care
(Shin, Jamie, Aylin , & Jeffrey, 2017). The counsellor needs to have basic communication
skills including attention to client, listening with concentration, questioning the client in case
of doubts or clarity. There are some challenges faced by counsellor i.e. the word
confrontation generally implies challenging another individual because of a discrepancy or

PSYCHOLOGY 2
disagreement. Confrontation as a counselling skill, however, is the counsellor’s effort to
softly make the client aware of something they may have ignored or prevented.
Theories of psychotherapy provide a structure for therapists and counsellors to
interpret the conduct, ideas and emotions of a client and assist them navigate the path of a
client from diagnosis to post-treatment (Matthew, Keith, & Stephanie, 2016). Theoretical
approaches are a component of the therapeutic process that is understandably essential.
 Psychoanalysis theory: this is also known as historical perspective and revolves
around the unconscious forces that drive behaviour. This theory involves the
liberal talking to the therapists about anything without thinking twice,
examination of dreams and redirecting what one feels about certain persons
towards the therapists (Sayette & John , 2018). Generally, psychotherapists and
counsellors who use it to focus on clients past relationship, traumatic childhood
(Robitschek & Erin , 2017). Through this approach, treatment and healing can
take place. Psychodynamic theory can be more time-intensive compared to certain
short-term theories because it includes altering deeply ingrained behaviour and
requires considerable research on self-understanding (Logren, Johanna , &
Jaana , 2017). In the given case the counsellor uses this approach when he asks
the client not to please him instead be straightforward while talking (Chan,
Christine , & John , 2015). The counsellor also suggests sharing what the client
actually feels about her parents and how she wants to improve that.
 Behavioural theory: It emphasize on behaviour learned. It is a therapy which is
based on earlier theory of Ivan Pavlov’s research (Helen & Andrea , 2017). It
inculcates learned response through a stimulus. This theory is used in a way to
change unwanted and destructive behaviour through modification techniques
(Magyar-Moe, Rhea , & Michael , 2015). The counsellor uses this approach