Literature Review on Public Health

Public Health - Literature
Review
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Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW ON PUBLIC HEALTH.........................................................................3
1. Rationale..................................................................................................................................3
2. Research question....................................................................................................................5
3. Search strategy.........................................................................................................................6
4. Main findings...........................................................................................................................8
5. Recommendations....................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
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INTRODUCTION
Diabetes Mellitus is most commonly called as diabetes which is a metabolic disorders group
characterized through high level of blood sugar over prolonged time period. The influence of
diabetes is quickly growing among people in emerging and middle-income nations; without
action, disability and death because of diabetes will last to rise substantially (Brownson, and et.
al., 2017). There are several causes of diabetes including genetics, environmental factors,
sedentary lifestyle, weight, lack of exercise etc. Several complications can occur because of
diabetes including hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome and
diabetic ketoacidosis (American Diabetes Association, 2018). It can be managed through
nutritional management, meal planning, normalise insulin activity, intensive treatment, testing
for glycated haemoglobin, continuous glucose monitoring and other dietary concerns. Medical
nutritional therapy is an effective therapy to managing diabetes. This report covers rationale for
the selection of topic, research question using PICO format, and search strategy for research.
Apart from this, it also involves discussion of main findings and recommendations are provided
based on that in the report.
LITERATURE REVIEW ON PUBLIC HEALTH
1. Rationale
This research is based on the topic 'Diabetes' which is the most prevalent issue all over the
world. The main reason behind investigating this topic is that it influences millions of people all
over the world and is dramatically rise in many nations as a consequence of aging populations,
sedentary lifestyles and obesity. It is related to the healthcare discipline as it influences the health
of people in adverse way and if an individual not get proper treatment on time, then it may create
several complications (Baum, 2016). It is very crucial to investigate this area of study due to its
high prevalence among aging population and in adults and children also. It significantly
maximizes the risk of cardiovascular events as well as death and is one of the main cause of end
stage kidney disease, nontraumatic lower limb amputations and blindness. Performing
investigation on the topic helps in determining the effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy in
treating diabetes mellitus among non-insulin dependent people.
Diabetes is referred as a condition which impairs the ability of body to process glucose in the
blood. In the body, blood glucose is the main energy source and comes from food. Pancreas
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secrete the insulin hormone which assist glucose to get into cells to be utilized for energy (What
is Diabetes?, 2016). Sometimes, the body does not make enough insulin and use it well due to
which the glucose stays in blood and not able to reach to cells. Over the time, existence of much
glucose in blood can cause health issues. Though, the disease has no cure, but the individual can
take some steps to manage diabetes effectively and stay healthy. The commonly known types of
diabetes includes type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the
body of individual does not make insulin because the immune system attacks as well as destroys
the cells in pancreas which secrete insulin (Bell, and et. al., 2015). It is usually diagnosed and
young adults and children and can see at any age. In order to stay alive, the individual with type
1 diabetes required to take insulin each day. In relation to type 2 diabetes, the body of a person
does not make as well as use insulin well and it can be developed at any age. However, it most
often occurs in older and middle aged people. Gestational diabetes occurs in women when they
get pregnant. This diabetes type goes away after birth of baby most of the time. However, the
individuals with gestational diabetes have high probability of having type 2 diabetes later. Apart
from these types of diabetes, some less common types in walls cystic fibrosis related diabetes
and monogenic diabetes (Yang, and et. al., 2018).
As of year 2015, around 30.3 million individuals in United States had diabetes. And most
of the people don't know that they had diabetes. The disease influence one in four individuals
over the age of 65 years. In adults, around 90 to 95% cases are of type 2 diabetes ( How common
is diabetes? 2016). The people who are is 45 or more, or are overweight or have some family
history of diabetes are at more risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Because of diabetes, there are
several problems from which people can suffer including kidney disease, nerve damage, heart
disease, stroke, foot problems, dental disease and eye problems. In order to manage the diabetes
effectively, self-monitoring of blood sugar levels is necessary as it helps to regulate meal
scheduling, when to take medication and physical activity (Chamberlain, and et. al., 2016). As
stated by American diabetes association, diabetes is a chronic condition which is one of the
leading cause of death in United States. It is a life changing condition that needs careful
management of blood sugar and healthy lifestyle for an individual to be enable to manage it
appropriately.
It is evident from the study that medical nutrition therapy is effective in enhancing
glycemic control as well as other metabolic outcomes. The registered nutritionist executes
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