Logistics and Operations Management

The paper provides an overview of the quality management and process strategy of Adelaide Brighton Cement Company with a focus on cement product. It includes a literature review, House of Quality, Repetitive Focus, and Layout Strategy.

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LOGISTICS AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
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Executive Summary
The paper is an overview of the key elements of a manufacturing company with a focus on the
Adelaide Brighton Cement Company. The paper explores the quality management of the
company’s product: Cement, by creating a HoQ of the same, the Process and Layout strategy
over the other competitors and substitute products. The paper further provides a suggestion for
the cement improvement to meet the consumers’ needs and demand.

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Table of Contents
Part A...............................................................................................................................................5
Introduction..................................................................................................................................5
Background of the Company.......................................................................................................5
Quality management strategy.......................................................................................................6
Literature Review.........................................................................................................................7
Article 1 Title: The implementation of Quality Management System: A case study of
Serbian Transport organizations...............................................................................................7
Article 2 Title: The depiction of Total Quality Management during a Span of 2003-2013.....8
Article 3 Title: ‘The effect of the total quality management on organizational innovation in
higher education mediated by organizational learning’...........................................................8
Article 4 Title: Quality as a strategic support for businesses...................................................9
Article 5 Title: Quality Management Programs in the Construction Industry: Best Value
Compared with Other Methodologies......................................................................................9
House of Quality........................................................................................................................10
Part B.............................................................................................................................................12
The Repetitive Focus.................................................................................................................12
Layout strategy...........................................................................................................................13
Brief literature review................................................................................................................14
Article 1 Title: Product and Production Process Modeling and Configuration.....................14

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Article 2 Title: Integrated product-process design to suggest appropriate manufacturing
technology..............................................................................................................................15
Article 3 Title: The process-centric modeling methodology for virtual manufacturing of
ships and offshore structures in shipyards..............................................................................16
Article 4 Title: An elitist strategy genetic algorithm for integrated layout design.................16
Article 5 Title: A multi-skeleton modeling approach based on top-down design and modular
product design for the development of complex product layouts..........................................17
Theoretical layout for production of the selected product.........................................................17
Suggested improvements...........................................................................................................18
Discussion and conclusions.......................................................................................................18
List of References..........................................................................................................................20
Appendices....................................................................................................................................24
Appendix 1: Image of the Adelaide Brighton Cement Limited.................................................24

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Part A
Introduction
The current manufacturing companies are turning away from traditional manufacturing
techniques and quality management. The traditional approaches are commonly known for the
inadequacy of leadership, short-term focus, and lack of customer focus. Inadequate system
thinking and the high cost of production thus led to the creation of a new production method and
product quality management. The following paper thus examines the quality management of
Adelaide Brighton Cement Company with focus on the cement product.
Background of the Company
Adelaide Brighton Cement (ABC) is a listed parent company of Adelaide Brighton Ltd that
focuses on construction materials such as cement and employs about 1600 employees. The
company originates from the Brighton that was rich in lime stones. The discovery was done by
William Lewis who established Limekilns in 1880 at the Brighton and Shoreham; however, the
operation came into halt due to low sales in 1883. In 1892, private investors such as William
Shearing bought the company to form a private company known as the South Australian Portland
Cement Company. The S.A. P. C. Company prospered in both in all scope until 1909 when a
dreadful fire destroyed the productions that were at the Marino; this was a major financial set
back to the company thus forced the company to seek Voluntary Administration in order to gain
financial funding. The company worked very hard to meet the growing demand that was too
much for it; this led to the introduction and registration of new business such as Adelaide
Cement Company Limited that was funded by A.W.G. Pitt.

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The registration of the Adelaide Cement Company Limited created competition with the S.A
Portland Cement Company, forcing the Board to try to merge the two companies; however, the
idea failed due to the inadequate enthusiasm from the stakeholders from both of the companies.
The stiff competition forced the S.A. P. C. Company to upturn the production by increasing the
employee number to 104, and adoption of some technology that helped the company to grow
substantially however, due to lack of stone reserves, the company decided to relocate its works at
Angaston that was vast in natural stones. In 1957, the merger talks between the S.A. P. C.
Company and ABC Limited resumed with the focus of combining the resources to increase the
supply of the cement that was being pressurized by the growing market demand. In 1959, the two
companies came into terms with the sales conditions and profitable arrangement and operated till
1970 when the board of the two companies came into an agreement to form Adelaide Brighton
Cement Limited with a major focus on clinker, cement and lime products.
Quality management strategy
Quality management strategy refers to quality techniques and standards that are applied and the
various responsibilities that are undertaken to achieve a specified quality level during a product
production (Xia, Fung & Guo 2018). The quality management strategy does not only help the
quality of the products but also booms the sales of the company (Ghodousi, Atabi, Nouri &
Gharagozlou 2017, p.598). According to the ABC 2018 sales report, sales volume rose from US$
531m to US$593m in 2017 due to the following two major strategies: First is the optimizing the
plant capacity and focusing on controllable cost that has seen the continuous empowerment of
earnings in the cement and Lime Divison. The division forms the main earning driver the; ABC
that has most of its sales in Queensland and Victoria (Hill 2018). The fluctuation and fall of

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cement demand in the region were managed through the reduction of imported products thus
provides the cement producing assets to continues demonstration success; this formed the
company’s long-term import strategy.
Secondly, the company has continually improved earnings through cost management of the
organic growth of the regional quarry operation, aimed at counteracting the declining demand of
concrete. The decline in demand is attributed to the high prices of the concrete, that force the
company to reduce the price and recover the raw material cost through large volume sales of
reduced price of the products.
Other management strategies include: New set infrastructure and the string markets in
Melbourne and Sydney; The renewal of deals with the subsidiaries companies such as BHP
Billiton that ensures the long-term relationship; The use of green power from 278.5MW wind
farm, to facilitate the operations of some of the facilities such as in Adelaide and Yorke
Peninsula quarry, helped the company in reducing the electricity usage and consequently cost
that is critical for the company growth(Lee, Lim & Arditi 2011).
Literature Review
Article 1 Title: The implementation of Quality Management System: A case study of
Serbian Transport organizations
According to Žeželj (2013) the aim of the journal was to examine the attributes of operations in
local transport companies in Serbia with an emphasis on the quality Management system as an
essential competitive factor. According to the paper that was undertaken in 2012, managers and
directors from 550 sampled of transport companies that were identified based on the size and the

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transport sector of the company were surveyed. The survey focused on issues such as the
importance of the QMS, the importance of informing the employee about it, having skilled
personnel to perform the quality, the attitude of employees to service QMS and the assessment of
the success of the implementation of QMS. The results showed that the transport system
companies have a low number of the quality management system and showed very little concern
about seeking any consultation regarding quality management. According to Lee and Arditi
(2011), the world market demands quality to ensure your survival. Traditionally, quality was
controlled by the product manufacture who decides on the type of the product to be produced,
however, currently, quality is determined by the buyer.
Article 2 Title: The depiction of Total Quality Management during a Span of 2003-2013
Gupta, Garg and Kumar (2014) identify over the one decade of the quality management
movement. Quality management provides an organization with an approach that helps in
realizing the manufacturing strategy and fulfillment of corporate objectives. The article reviewed
numerous papers between 2003 and 2013 and found that most of the articles identified TQM as
the strategic factor in employee empowerment through engaging employees in various decisions
making. Secondly, quality management helps in improving and developing production
procedures for quality products and services.
Article 3 Title: ‘The effect of the total quality management on organizational innovation in
higher education mediated by organizational learning’
According to the article by Aminbeidokhti, Jamshidi, and Hoseini (2016) total quality
management is identified as reinforcement of innovation and organizational learning. The
changing business world needs organizations needs to learn how to develop new ideas, manage

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and disseminate them across all the stakeholders for the entire growth. Aliakbar et al., (2014)
denotes that learning strengthens the innovative activity of quality; a significant element for the
success of every organization. Quality management facilities the organizational learning that
ensures that knowledge is equally and successfully distributed across all the stakeholders
correctly interprets and implemented to achieve the desired organizational change. The process
that happens in educational systems, and can be applied in the manufacturing companies too
since organizational innovation is the development or the acceptance of an idea, behaviors or
strategy that is new to the entire organization.
Article 4 Title: Quality as a strategic support for businesses
According to the literature review done by Fernando José Pereira da Costa on the ‘Quality as a
strategic support for businesses ‘denotes that quality is correlated to productivity and both enable
the competitiveness of an organization. Quality management thus is an ideal explanation of
excellent management and that is from conquering and constructing one reality. The literature
identifies that quality management is a key to the sustainability and competitiveness of an
organization in the market since it will help in developing a successful strategic plan that
changes all the production and service systems.
Article 5 Title: Quality Management Programs in the Construction Industry: Best Value
Compared with Other Methodologies
The article defies quality as an approach that helps the organization to attain and tolerate high-
quality product and services that are conforming to customer needs. The article identifies Japans
as the origin of total quality management, in the 1950s and later spread across the world
(Sullivan 2011). From the article, quality management is essential in the construction industry

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that requires the application of lean production. The leans production to focus on monitoring the
resources that are used in product production by focusing on the needs of the customers, this is
driven by the customer value.
House of Quality
House of Quality is a component of Quality Function Deployment and refers to a basic designed
tool of quality function deployment used by companies to determine the future development of a
product that will satisfy all the consumer needs and beat the competitive products in the market.
(Ruiz-Vanoye, Díaz-Parra, Nolazco-Flores, Saenz, Hernández & Gongora 2013).The tool has the
customer desires on one dimension and the correlated nonfunctional requirements on the other
dimension; thus provides easy analysis of the requirements and dimensions. The attached below
is an illustration of HoQ of the cement from ABC company.

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Part B
Process Strategy refers to a pattern of decision that is made in managing processes to achieve the
desired competitive priorities. The organizational process involves the utilization of the resources
to provide a valuable product that fulfill the customer’s necessity within the cost and other
organizational restrictions. In every production, the process strategy selected always has a long-
lasting impact on the competence and suppleness of the manufacture as well as the cost and
quality of products. The decisions made aiming at achieving competitive priorities through the
process structure, customer involvement, preserve flexibility, and capital intensity. There are
basically four types of process strategies, these are:
 Process focus majors on the low volume, high variety of products, broadly skill operators
and high inventory.
 The Repetitive focus is encompassed in between the product focus and process focus,
thus becomes the product oriented production process. The repetitive focus of production
requires goods to go under a rapid succession of repetitive manufacturing system just like
in an automated assembly process.
 The Product focus is a high volume strategy, low variety, and continuous process.
 The Mass customization focus entails rapid, low –cost productions that constantly fulfills
customers changing desires, therefore, the process is about variety, customer needs at
affordable prices.
The Repetitive Focus
From the above discussion, the chosen product is cement from the ABC limited, and when
subjected through the House of Quality, customers’ requirements evolved around affordability,

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thermal mass and setting time. Therefore, the process strategy chosen for the production is the
repetitive focus since the system ensures a long run and standardizes products from the modules
that will ensure that large numbers of customers quantity need are met along with the quality
needs. The strategy has few changes in job instructions that might bring confusion in the raw
material feeding thus resulting in substandard products. Thirdly, the process is always scheduled
to evaluate the rate of production.
Layout strategy
Facility layout entails the configuration of the company sites with the lines, buildings, work
stations, aisles and other applicable features such as the departmental boundaries (Azadeh,
Moghaddam, Nazari & Sheikhalishahi 2016, p.568). The common layouts are process layout
and product layout.
 The process layout primary found in firms that produce tailored, low-volume product and
that may necessitate dissimilar processing needs and operational categorizations. The aim
of the process layout thus is to produce goods that require numerous manufacturing
requirements from the customers (Mandujano, Mourgues Alarcón & Kunz 2017, p.936).
The layout possesses the following advantages: flexibility as the firm is capable to handle
a different variety of product; employee motivation as the employees perform different
task and; system protection since numerous multiple available have reduced mechanical
failure.
 The product layout is majorly found in flow setting where a repetitive assembles and
process is maintained. In these settings high volumes that require highly standardized
repetitive process are always preferred, thus for the cement, this product layout is the

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most preferential as compared to the process layout. In this setting, two lines are used:
paced and the un-paced lines. The paced lines use conveyors that carry the cement
/finished product to the storage department/ loading point. Additionally, employees have
the ability to perform other operations along the way, such as fixing stickers. On the other
hand the un-paced line, employees are required to construct lines between the workplaces
to admit adjustable work speed, thus making it unfit for the cement production. The
advantages of the product layout are the capability to produce a large number of products
over a short time and utilization of the equipment.
Brief literature review
Article 1 Title: Product and Production Process Modeling and Configuration
According to Campagna and Formisano (2013), during the past, numerous companies operated
on the basis of the mass customization strategies that aimed at selling products that satisfied
customer’s needs, as well as preserving the benefits of the mass production in terms of efficiency
and productivity. The mass customization system entailed series of challenges that companies
faced difficulty in overcoming through the use of the traditional software tools that were
designed for repetitive productions, thus different system was designed that supported the
deployment of mass customization, the toll was known as product configuration system. The
product configuration system allowed the representation of configurable products through
product model and enabled the acquisition and management of products’ information.
Mass customization is expected to conceal the entire tailoring of product cycle from the customer
order to the final product, however, the configuration system focuses majorly on the product
configuration leaving out the cover aspects related to the production. Therefore, the product

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/process focus strategy enabled the constraint-based modeling of products and process. The
PRODPROC Models entails the product model and process model to come up with coupling
constraints that act as a bridge between the product instances and process instances and
propagate both the direction chosen by the user. In case of failure due to the choice made by the
user, the systems exploits coupling constraint that offers justifications and detailed explanation
for the failure, as well as suggest better ways of making a recovery.
Article 2 Title: Integrated product-process design to suggest appropriate manufacturing
technology
The paper reviewed on the additive and traditional manufacturing technologies with respects to
the product-process integration since the manufacturing process evolve rapidly subjecting
numerous companies to high performances (Khaleeq uz Zaman, Siadat, Rivette, Baqai & Qiao
2017). The manufacturing process is not just entirely about constructing physical products,
alterations in consumer requests, nature of products and economic of productions rather it entails
product development process. The article identifies three major categories of manufacturing
technologies: traditional, additive and hybrid, and further develops an integrated product-process
design. The latter originated from Tichkiewitch and Veron with reference to process chain
resulting into the following advantages: reduced production cost, environment conservation, and
quality standardization (Primo, Calabrese, Del Prete & Anglani 2017). In conclusion, the article
found out that the emerging technologies aids in process strategy thus addressing the product and
process data effectively leading to stakeholder’s satisfaction.

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Article 3 Title: The process-centric modeling methodology for virtual manufacturing of
ships and offshore structures in shipyards
An article by Lee, Kim, and Hwang and Shin (2014) is based on the complexity of the
shipbuilding. The competitiveness level forced the ship production management to adopt virtual
assembly modeling, and simulation technology to improve on ships. Over the past decades, the
Korean shipbuilding companies were commonly known for their automation, later with the
technological advancement of virtual manufacturing; a sound-tested technology with tremendous
efficacy in most of the manufacturing process. The strategy is a made-to-order, or rather
engineered to order; commonly known as product focus strategy.
The aim of the study thus was to establish the modeling methodology in regard to the virtual
manufacturing technology in the shipbuilding industry (Yong-Kuk Jeong, Philippe Lee & Jong
Hun Woo 2018). The literature identifies two types of simulation modeling: modeling
methodology and information model all that is process-centric and are significant for the
shipbuilding industry. The virtual manufacturing system thus requires four components of
technologies: imitation modeler. The imitation engine, result in energizer and outcome watcher.
All these are process focused.
Article 4 Title: An elitist strategy genetic algorithm for integrated layout design
According to Jerin Leno, Saravana Sankar and Ponnambalam (2016), manufacturing
organizations need effective product manufacturing layout to ensure the effective and efficient
flow of the raw materials and finished products. Most of the manufacturing organizations always
face firm layout problem (FLP), thus the article adopts an intergrade layout design for the
manufacturing companies to ensure an effective path for both the raw material and the finished

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product. The firm layout procedure is composed of two phases: the Unit layout phase that
specifies the size of each department while the detailed layout pages depend on the aisle
structures, input/output points and; the Overall layout of the department (Jerin Leno, Saravana
Sankar, Victor-Raj & Ponnambalam 2013, p.1581). Thus to overcome the limitations faced on
the layout design, integrated layout design approach that uses intercell layout and material
handling simultaneously should be adopted.
Article 5 Title: A multi-skeleton modeling approach based on top-down design and
modular product design for the development of complex product layouts
The article by Chu, Chu, Li, Lyu & Xue (2016), explores the integration of Descending product
design and Segmental product design to develop a complicated product layout that is perceived
to improve the quality and efficiency of the products. Generally, the complex product is always
modeled by numerous part that different and function differently. The design process always
aims at identifying the product layout that has the capability of linking the results in a conceptual
design and detailed design phases. Thus most of the industrial companies are pressurized to
improve on the product development efficiency as well as reduce the product development lead
time in order to remain completive. As much as the use of both TDD and MPD to improve the
quality of a product, the layout has the following problems: difficulty to exchange and reuse
modules on different levels in a product hierarchy; the layout is time-consuming in case of
modification or redesign modules due to changes of the other products descriptions; and
evaluation difficulty especially where the detailed design solutions are unavailable.
Theoretical layout for production of the selected product

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Suggested improvements
The Adelaide Brighton Company to achieve the customers’ requirements on the affordability,
setting time and thermal mass capacity of their product, the company should consider on
blending the cement properties that will ensure that the end product contain all the three
characteristics. The company thus should focus more on quality management and shift from the
product focus strategy to process focus strategy as this will ensure the production of the desired
end product.
Discussion and conclusions
Over the past few decades manufacturing companies are turning away from traditional
manufacturing techniques and quality management. The quality management strategy does not
only help the quality of the products but also booms the sales of the company after achieving a
desired process and layout strategy. As the organizational process involves the utilization of the
resources to provide a valuable product that meets the customer’s requirements within the cost
and other managerial constraints; the layout strategy enables the configuration of the Firm sites

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with the lines, structures, work stations, aisles and other appropriate features such as the
departmental boundaries. The utilization of these eventually leads to the total quality
management that ensures that aspects of the production are aligned to the objectives of the
company.

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List of References
Aminbeidokhti, A., Jamshidi, L. and Hoseini, A. M. (2016) ‘The effect of the total quality
management on organizational innovation in higher education mediated by organizational
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layout design with ambiguity by an efficient fuzzy multivariate approach’, International Journal
of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 84(1–4), pp. 565–579. doi: 10.1007/s00170-015-7714-
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26(2), pp. 593–603. doi: 10.15244/pjoes/65153.

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Gupta, V., Garg, D. and Kumar, R. (2014) ‘Depiction of Total Quality Management during a
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Appendices

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Appendix 1: Image of the Adelaide Brighton Cement Limited