Question and Answer l Awareness and Acceptances

Task A
Question 1
i) Study aim
- The study aimed at exploring the perception of parents on various aspects of
screen time and active play which entails the risks and benefits of the
behaviours, awareness and acceptances of available guidelines, strategies for
behaviour change and the difference between the perception of the mother and
the father.
ii) Research approach adopted
- The study has adopted an in-depth semi-structured telephone interview among
the study participants. Parents were selected into the study from a larger study
while the young children were undertaken in school children settings.
iii) Data collection methods used
- Data collection was done through follow up questions and probes. The
questions were asked in a similar consequence to aid in the data collection
process. Interview questions focused on the perceptions of parents and
strategies for behavior change concerning physical activity.
iv) Risks and benefits
Risks Benefits
Physical activity - Risks associated with
safety
- Risks linked to danger
Active play is beneficial on
development outcomes
- enjoyment,
- imagination, and
socialization
Screen time - Habit formation
- inappropriate content
- Negative cognitive
- Outcome
- Learning,
- Education, and
- Relaxation
v) Strengths and limitations in the study
- The main strength of the study entails a large sample size, equal sampled
respondents representing the same gender. Further, the study allowed
investigation of two prevalent behaviors to be investigated enabling contextual
behaviors in content rather than isolation and allowing a proper understanding
of the underlying motivations and drivers of choices of the behavior of the
children. Thus the study as a case example p[provided representation of the
views of all respondents and offered n objective view of questions being

sought.
- The study was limited by the determination of causality nature attributed to
qualitative nature. Thus as an example, there was no way to link a causal
action to a certain trend of the result hence cannot be able to link to certain
specific outcome or cause.
Task A
Question 2
i) The study rationale
- The study focuses on active play forms among children. Active play is often
used to assess the activeness of children during the first two years. In this
regard parents who have a significant role in the social and emotional
environment concerning specific parenting styles and attitudes in physical
activity play a fundamental role in the development of children behaviors. Due
to this relevance of parent’s role modeling on children’s development, this
study assesses the association of the parenting, young children physical
activity levels and screen time.
ii) The study design
- Cross-sectional study design- observing the population at a single point in
time establishing exposure and outcome levels.
iii) The scale of measurements used the statements mentioned.
- Statement one is assessed using ratio scales on hours of viewing per day. They
offer order of and exact values of the viewing time in hours per day.
- Statement two is assessed using ordinal scales. They are measures of non-
numeric concepts just as happiness and satisfaction. Ordinal scales allow for
order series assessments.
- New scales of conversion were likely to be mean and mode and median scales
which allows for easier analysis of data and to inform the clear interpretation
of data.
iv) Forms of bias likely to be introduced
- The bias in the report in the assessment is likely to be associated with recall
biases. The mothers are likely to forget information being sought to lead to
wrong information being obtained.
v) Parental hostility and perception of outdoor play safety were statistically found

significant factors linked to children outdoor activity of greater or equals to 2
hours per day.
- The odds ratio signify that the hostility of parents was 2.85 more likely to lead
to children outdoor activity while outdoor perception was 2.64 times more
likely to lead to children outdoor activity.
vi) The screen time of mothers was linked to children’s screen time having view age
of less than 1 hour per day.
- The odds ratio found showed that mothers screen time was 1.8 times more
likely to influence children screen time of less than or equals to 1 hour per
day.
Tack C
Questions 3
i) Study theory
- The study employs and utilizes ecological theory which views the
environment of home having a greater influence on the children health
behaviours.
ii) Aim of the study
- The study focused on examining the association and the observed interaction
of home physical environment on children, socio-economic status and
moderate to vigorous exercises entailing sedentary time and overall screen
watching time.
iii) Analysis testing was undertaken to assess significant relationships between levels
of social-economic income, levels of socioeconomic income. Socio-economic
income and access of home equipment, sedentary time and overall screen
watching time and moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity.
iv) Electronic equipment with associated significant p-value is video game playing in
bedroom with a p-value of 0.03on sedentary time with also a statistically
significant result on screen time.
v) The findings of bicycle ownership revealed that it was significantly associated at
p-value >0.01 linked to increased levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity.
There was no other active play equipment which was linked to moderate to
vigorous physical activity.
vi) The potentiality of bias reporting