Understanding Organizational Behaviour

This assignment explores the fundamental principles of organizational behavior. It delves into topics such as social identity at work, workplace aggression, leadership styles, emotional intelligence, employee voice, and organizational citizenship behavior. Students are expected to demonstrate their understanding of these concepts through analysis of provided literature and research.

Organizational behavior

Contents
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................3
PART 1...................................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1 ...................................................................................................................................................3
P1 a) Handy’s cultural typology & earlier culture in BBC...................................................................3
P1 b) Impact of culture, power and politics on behavior of employees.............................................5
TASK 2....................................................................................................................................................5
P2 a) Content & process motivation theories....................................................................................5
P2 b) Role of motivation techniques in improving effectiveness of teams........................................6
P2 c) The way in which improved motivation level assist in attaining organizational goals...............7
PART 2...................................................................................................................................................7
TASK 3....................................................................................................................................................7
P3 a) Different types of teams and its importance ...........................................................................7
P3 b) Effective team development in BBC..........................................................................................8
TASK 4....................................................................................................................................................8
P4 b) Barriers to effective performance...........................................................................................10
CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organizational Behavior is a concept that includes several activities related to
understanding, influencing & predicting manpower behavior within organization. It includes
assessment of those factors that impacts on performance of an individual or team whether
directly or indirectly (What is organizational behaviour?, 2017). One of the major benefit of this
is, it assists administrators in formulating effective human resource management policies.
Many employees who work in an organization belongs to different region & culture as well
as carry their own attitude and culture which shows by their way of working. In the present
assignment, chosen organization is British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) which is a
broadcaster company of London. The report includes influence of firm’s power, politics and
culture on behavior & performance of individual and team. Content and process theories of
motivation for effective attainment of goals are also defined. Apart from this, various
concepts and philosophies are applied and effective team development is describing in this
project.
PART 1
TASK 1
P1 a) Handy’s cultural typology & earlier culture in BBC
Organisation is a place in which large number of individuals work collectively to
attain common goals. It is important for management to study attitudes and behavior of
people in order to accomplish objectives of company (Ayyagari, Grover and Purvis, 2011).
Combine efforts of employees ensures success of business operations. Factors like power,
politics and culture influence behavior of workforce as well as activities of organization. So,
it is important for firm to provide good culture to manpower so that they can perform their
duties well at workplace. Organizational culture is something that develops firm’s recognition
and influence society and its people at large. For administration of BBC, it is very important
to manage an effective culture at workplace as it assists in creating good image of firm as
well as increase its goodwill. The major benefit of maintaining good culture is that it
increases productivity and profits of organization. Main elements of organizational culture
consist of:

Skills: Skills and knowledge that an individual carry is highly influence their way of
working. So, it is required by BBC to deal with employees in effective way so that their
morale and productivity can be increase.
Attitude: It put direct influence on decision making process and actions of an
individual in BBC.
Leadership: They play vital role in growth of an organization. In BBC, the main
characteristic which leader possess is their interactive nature. This facilitates him in
developing positive work environment. They lead the team and resolve their issues and
conflicts. This motivates and encourage workforce to perform well (DeChurch and Mesmer-
Magnus, 2010).
Handy Cultural Typology:
Organizational culture theory is developed by Charles Handy in year 1999. It is an
effective approach which is categorized into 4 parts. These are:
Power culture: In this culture, power is concentrated in the hands of some people
only, who are authorized to take decisions. Various responsibilities and rules included in it. If
power is use effectively, it will put positive impact on decision making process of company.
As BBC is a multinational organization, many peoples are working in it. Power is in hands of
some employees only that administer privilege to firm.
Task culture: In BBC, management encourage development of teams in order to
ensure effective implementation of activities. The main advantage of task culture is that it
supports BBC in facing difficult situations effectively and find out solutions of those. In task
culture, contribution of each employee is essential.
Role culture: Under this culture, supervisors empowered workforce by administering
them responsibilities and authorities. this is given on the basis of their capabilities and skills.
Implementation of this culture ensures optimum utilization of resources. It also assists in
developing various skills among employees which facilitates them in handling issues in
effective way (Baum, Frese and Baron, 2014).
Personal culture: In BBC, all manpower is treated as valuable assets and they highly
contribute in success of company. This encourage employees to emphasize on attaining their
end goals & objectives.

P1 b) Impact of culture, power and politics on behavior of employees
Politics, power and culture are those factors that influence both behavior as well as
performance of manpower. It directly impacts on completion of business operations and
success of organization. In BBC, there are approximately 35000 people working in company.
Main aim of firm is to reach each country in news broadcasting. Organization face various
issues in year 2015 such as employee harassment, fall in share price value, no participation of
workforce in activities and decision making of firm. Political parties start to demotivate
employees of firm. In this situation, it is essential for BBC to use traditional culture within
workplace. It assist manager in complying with policies that ensures freedom of workforce. It
is become important to do some alterations in structure of firm in order to gain positive
outcome from activities and operations of business (Coccia and Rolfo, 2013).
BBC culture innovation:
Rob Wilson, the culture minister of British Broadcasting Corporation was
implemented various alterations at workplace so as to reduce work pressure of employees and
they can able to work in better manner.
 An announcement is made by BBC in trim of shares and taking decision to provide
right information.
 Permitted to provide employee union funding & eliminate discrimination from
workplace.
TASK 2
P2 a) Content & process motivation theories
Content and process theories of motivation assists in improving motivation level of
workforce and inspiring them to attain objectives of company. For effective implementation
of business operations and activities as well as increasing profits of organization, it is crucial
that manpower is skilled (Haslamand et. al., 2014). These motivational theories improve
performance of employees that ensures increasing business outputs.
Content Theory: The approach majorly focus on encouraging manpower so that they
are enable to perform in more better way. This will facilitates in accomplishment of
objectives and targets of BBC. It stimulates manpower in enhancing their performance as
well as in attaining goals effectively.

Process Theory: This theory assists in assessing the issues which are confront by
manpower and providing them corrective actions that aids in improving overall productivity
and performance of company. Various measures are taken by BBC for maintaining healthy
work environment at workplace so that employees can freely interact with each other.
It is important for an organization to motivate their manpower on regular basis. In last
some years, various problems are faced by BBC regarding training and development of
workforce. Administrator fails to organize training programme for employees. For
developing skills of manpower, it is very crucial for managers to conduct appropriate training
session. It will improve confidence level of workforce and they are able to effectively handle
complex situations. Various theories utilized by managers of BBC are defined as follows:
Hertzberg two factor theory:
According to this approach, there are 2 components that should be exist at workplace
so that, manpower is able to perform well. These factors are:
Motivation: It is a factor that increase motivation among employees and do not create
any sense of dissatisfaction in them. Self actualization needs of an individual is good example
of this.
Hygiene factors: These factors are not related with motivation but these encourage
workforce to perform well or give superior performance (Haslamand et. al., 2014).
Alderfer’s ERG theory:
This theory states that needs of an individual are divided into 3 categories:
Existence needs: It includes basic needs of people such as food, shelter and safety.
Physiological & safety needs are come under existence needs that are necessary for survival.
Relatedness needs: It consist of needs to maintain interpersonal relations with family,
friends and colleagues. Social needs are include in this.
Growth needs: Self development and growth needs are come under this category. It is
the last stage when all the other needs of an individual is fulfilled and they want to know
themselves.
Maslow's Need Hierarchy theory:

The theory was developed in 1940 by Abraham Maslow. It depicts about motivation
of an individual due to which they are able to attain their needs and wants. After one need is
attained by individual, they move towards attainment of other needs. 5 needs are defined in
this theory:
Physiological Need: This is the most basic need of an individual which is necessary
for survival, that is, food and shelter. Person moves to next level when this need is fulfilled.
Safety needs: This need includes health, safety, financial security, safety measures
regarding accidents & illness etc. Fulfillment of this need leads to arise other one.
Social needs: Under these needs, sense of belongingness and love is required by an
individual. The person's desire is to get affection from family members and friends.
Esteem needs: Self worth and self esteem is the required need of an individual at this
level. Person wants to being appreciated, valued and respected by others.
Self actualization: This is the last stage where all other needs of an individual is
fulfilled and now they want to realize and develop their own power and potential.
P2 b) Role of motivation techniques in improving effectiveness of teams
Motivation of employees is very essential as it contributes in growth and success of
company. It directly impacts operations of firm. Motivation factors are important to be
considered by managers so that performance and productivity can be improved as well as
business objectives can be attained (Huang and Bond, 2012). There are some needs of workers
which are required to be fulfilled by firm so that effective working can be ensured and
healthy relations can be maintained. BBC needs to conduct some activities as well as training
session so that skills of employees can be enhanced and they get motivated. Appropriate
training programme helps manpower in increasing their potential and they are enable to
handle and resolve complex situations in an effective and efficient manner. It will assist firm
in getting positive outputs. Managers of BBC needs to look after this so that the process of
decision making can become effective. Theories of motivation plays crucial role in improving
effectiveness of team. If employees get motivated, they work effectively in teams. This will
increase coordination and cooperation among them which ultimately increase their
performance and productivity. It also ensures successful attainment of goals and targets of
firm.

P2 c) The way in which improved motivation level assist in attaining organizational goals
For attaining objectives and purposes of firm in effective and efficient manner, proper
guidance and directions are being required. This can only be done by inspiring workforce.
Proper motivation is being administered by BBC to their workforce as well as they also gives
them stimulation therapy. This assists in resolving problems that are being faced by them.
Various tasks are assigned to employees according to their capabilities and skills. This
develops a sense of belongingness and responsibility among them & they work more
effectively towards attainment of organizational goals (Johns, 2010). Training should be
provided by the manager of BBC to their employees so that, they get motivated and work in
more better way. Healthy environment as well as strong work culture also improve
motivation level of manpower. All this will help in attaining objectives and targets of BBC
in an effective and efficient manner.
PART 2
TASK 3
P3 a) Different types of teams and its importance
A team is formed when many people are working collectively in group for attaining
common goals. If individuals are working in team, they become more productive and
effective. Team work ensures proper utilization of resources. There are different types of
teams and each have their own significance. BBC needs to have various teams so that
business operations can be managed and control in proper way. Various kinds of teams are as
follows:
Functional team: These teams are formed for the purpose of performing specific
tasks. These are traditional groups that are working with every department of business. Each
individual carry their own skills and capabilities & contributes in fulfilment of specific task.
In BBC, main advantage of this team is it save time as well as cost of company. It also
ensures effective implementation of business operations and facilitates in utilizing resources
properly.
Work group: In this, a group is formed of people with different skills and capabilities.
It facilitates firm in finding out new & creative ways to perform activities of business.
Problem solving teams: These teams are formed in order to resolve a particular issue
or problem (Joseph and Newman, 2010). This team highly contributes in attaining objectives
and targets of firm. This team requires coordination working. So, it is essential for all

departments of BBC to work with each other with cooperation and coordination. It maximize
performance and increase profits of company. It is essential for firm to have such kind of
team so as to resolve critical problems and find out new ways to serve consumers.
Virtual team: Various tools and media are used by BBC for communication as it is a
broadcasting company. In virtual teams, people work together from different places by the
help of MIS system. By using various tools, they communicate with each other virtually. It
saves time of team members and at the same time ensures timely completion of work.
Quality team: This team assists in finding out better solutions of problems by using
communication channels. In order to offer high quality services to customers, it is necessary
for BBC to form such team (Koenig and et.al.,2011).
P3 b) Effective team development in BBC
In BBC, for developing effective team, manager use Tuckman model of team
development. It assists in increasing team dynamics. This model includes 4 phases which are
defined below:
Forming: It is the initial stage where all the team members are rely on leader for
getting proper guidance. Roles and responsibilities are unclear to team members in this stage.
Storming: At storming phase, individuals start to interact with each other. Purpose of
being together is clear to all team members and they to ,emphasize on objectives rather than
conflicts & emotional issues.
Norming: At this phase, team members start to trust each other and agreement takes
placer among them. Roles and responsibilities are clarify to all and effective decisions are
being taken to attain objectives of firm (Judge and Kammeyer Mueller, 2012‐ ).
Performing: In this stage, all team members know what they do and the reason
behind that. They share common vision and are able to take decisions independently without
getting guidance of leader. Focus area of all the members at this stage is to reach goal and
attain it successfully.
TASK 4
P4 a) Way by which team performance and productivity can improved within BBC
Effective leadership assists in attaining goals and objectives of company. They
provide directions to employees so that they can perform in better way and attain personal as

well as organizational goals. This will increase motivation level of employees and they work
with full enthusiasm and zeal (Kulik and Olekalns, 2012).
Path goal theory:
This theory includes 2 things, path and goal. By proper and effective utilization of
resources, ideal path is selected among all. This enable employee to perform better with full
motivation. It facilitates in reaching to objectives. Both goal and path are interlinked with
each other. This approach is based on specifying behavior or style of leader that best suits
workforce as well as work environment to attain goal. The goal is to improve empowerment,
motivation and satisfaction of employee so that they become productive individuals of firm
(Lee, Kim and Kim, 2013). This theory follow some basic step which are defined below:
 Determine the environmental and employee characteristic.
 Choose a leadership style
 Emphasize on motivational factors that assists in success of employee.
In this theory, 4 types of behaviours of leaders are defined. These are:
Directive: Leader provides directions to followers about what they are expected to
them like telling them how to perform task, wha t to do, coordinating and scheduling work. It
is effective when there are a lot of uncertainty in environment and individuals are unsure
about task.
Supportive: These leaders make work pleasant for employees by showing them
concern & being approachable and friendly. It is effective in those situations where
relationships and tasks are physically challenging.
Participative: Before making any decision regarding how to proceed, these leaders
consult with their team members. This style is more effective when team members are highly
trained and completely involved in work.
Achievement: These leaders sets challenging objectives for their team members,
expects them to put their best efforts & shows confidence in them to meet their expectation
(Ng and Feldman, 2012). This style is effective in professional surroundings of work such as
scientific, technical etc.

By the application of this approach, BBC can implement changes in management.
Organization structure and communication. Open communication should be followed in the
organization so that employees can freely interact with management. If communication and
management related problems are being resolved, chances of arising conflicts becomes less
and a healthy environment remains maintain within organization. This will assists in
increasing motivation of employees and their productivity will increase. This facilitates firm
in successful attainment of goals and objectives.
P4 b) Barriers to effective performance
There are various barriers that are existing within firm because of differences in age,
religion, culture, education, countries etc. it can be because of:
Perception: Each individual have their own views, thoughts and opinions. As these
are different from others, barrier exist in firm (Olson Herman and Zanna, 2014).
Emotional: Emotions pf each individual are different and it influence their behavior.
This may be a barrier to effective performance.
Poor communication: Miscommunication or poor communication among employees
and management act as a barrier to effective performance. It directly influence working and
performance of organization.
Unclear goals: If goals of an organization are unclear then employees are not able to
work in proper way and unable to attain objectives. It influence working of manpower.
Lack of management involvement: If managers are not involve in activities and
operations of firm, it will influence decisions of team. Due to this, they are not able to
perform well.
Because of unclear goals, poor communication and lack of management, BBC face
various problems regarding effective performance of firm. So, it is necessary that goals
should be clear, proper communication channels must be used so that employees can freely
communicate with management and all the information can be conveyed properly. This will
decline the chances of occurring miscommunication (Owings and Kaplan, 2012). Involvement
of management is also necessary in activities of company so that effective decisions can be
taken. It is also required by management to involve staff members in process of decision
making. It creates a sense of belongingness among employees and they work in more better
manner towards attainment of objectives of firm.

Contingency theory: As per the situation, it is required to alter plans, policies and
procedures. It influence behavior and attitudes of individual & enhance their performance.
Resources should be used that are relevant to situation so that objectives and success can be
attained.
This theory is applied by manager of BBC so that alterations in plans and policies can
be made as per the situation. They should made appropriate policies regarding child
harassment as well as other issues in order to resolve these.
CONCLUSION
As per the above mentioned report, it has been concluded that organizational behavior
depicts the way in which an individual interact with others within firm. There are many
factors such as culture, politics and power which influence behavior and performance of
individual. It is important for manager to apply motivational theories in an organization in
order to increase motivation level of workforce. This will facilitate in effective attainment of
goals of firm. There are various barriers a that are existing at workplace such as unclear
goals, poor communication, perception of employees etc. these directly influence
performance of company. Management needs to remove all such barriers so that objectives
can be accomplished in effective manner.

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