Cultural Tourism: Theories and Impacts

This assignment delves into the multifaceted world of cultural tourism. It requires students to analyze various theories and concepts surrounding cultural tourism, examining its diverse forms, motivations, and impacts on destinations. Students will also explore best practices for managing cultural tourism in a sustainable and responsible manner. The assignment draws upon a selection of academic sources covering topics such as community-based tourism, dark tourism, and the ethical considerations associated with cultural heritage preservation.

Heritage and Cultural
Tourism Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Growth and development of heritage and cultural industry.............................................1
Covered in Poster .................................................................................................................1
1.2 Discussing the potential conflicts in the conservation of heritage and cultural resources1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Purpose of cultural and heritage attractions in full- filling the requirements of different
users........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Impact of various types of ownership on the management of heritage and cultural sites5
Covered in leaflet...................................................................................................................5
3.2 Roles and responsibilities of ventures in traditional and heritage industry......................5
Covered in leaflet...................................................................................................................5
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................5
4.1 Methods and media used for interpretation within heritage and cultural industry...........5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Tourism industry is considered as one of the quickest growing sector in all over the
world. It is also playing a vital role in the today's competitive surroundings in order to defend
natural beauty of the nation (Mason, 2015). This is only the industry which assisted different
country in upgrade their economic situation in a appropriate and effectual manner. Moreover,
heritage tourism is thought as a branch of tourism which is directed towards the cultural heritage
at a region where activities of tourism occurs. Besides this, cultural tourism is commonly
concerned with the tradition which specifies the living style of the citizens living in that specific
geographical region. Furthermore, it is also considered as a kind of tourism which is conducted
by civilians for improving their knowledge and also to examine and understand the various
cultures followed by the people of different nations. The present report is based on the heritage
and cultural tourism. In this project, the conditions present in Barcelona (Spain) and Venice
(Italy) in context to tourism is explained. In addition to this, the growth and development of
heritage and cultural sectors is also described here.
TASK 1
1.1 Growth and development of heritage and cultural industry
Covered in Poster
1.2 Discussing the potential conflicts in the conservation of heritage and cultural resources
Venice is popular for its qualitative feature, that are its culture, experience and emotions.
Historic center is the place in the city where most of the people come here. Many jumpers come
in this place to enjoy this location and its historic elements. But extended service area is the
major conflict that can be arisen due to increasing tourism activities in the city.
Now government is planning to develop Venice more as tourist place but due to this
crowd is increasing day by day. It is creating irritating situation for the local people. Due to high
number of travelers local people failed to get access of historic center. Approx 70% visitors live
in the historic center and rest people live in hotels. It is creating negativity in the kind of local
people and they do not coordinate with them effectively.
Due o increasing tourism activities security, transparency of the Venice is getting
affected. It is the major potential conflict in the conservation of heritage and cultural resource
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using. Now for providing more accommodation facilities government of Venice is trying to
develop more building and try to provide more accommodation facility. But due to this local
people are getting dispersed from one place to other. That is the main potential conflict that arise
due to tourism activities.
When it comes to Barcelona in Spain then it is considered as attractive and successful
tourist destination in Spain. Many people come to this pale every year to visit its beauty. As
compare to Venice number of travelers arrival is high in Barcelona. But the main conflict
situation that arise due to increasing tourism business is that now this city has become crowed. It
is very difficult for the local people to live here. Another potential conflict is that cost is
increasing with the development of tourism activities. As tour operations are trying to provide
more facilities to visitors and government is developing more infrastructure facilities for them.
Due to this overall living cost for local people is increasing that is the main issue faced by the
destination.
Another potential challenge that can is arisen due to tourism is that challenge to lose
mobility. It is considered as one of the main challenge in front of Barcelona. Apart from this
environment is getting negatively affected because increasing population is causing noise, air
pollution in the city. This is creating issue for the local people to great extent.
Local population of Barcelona is not ready to accept the foreign travelers because of them
they are unable to get benefits. This is changing behavior of the local population. That reacts
issue for the traveler because they sometimes do not get information correctly.. Due to improving
transportation facilities now it has become easy to move from one place to other in Barcelona
easily. But this improvement is causing difficulty and conflict of environment harm. Apart from
this due to this security is getting affected.
Potential conflicts occurs while preservation of heritage and cultural tourism
There are different conflicts rises in the process of conserving heritage and ethical resources of
the nation which is required to be identified. According to the case study of Spain and Italy,
various disputes or conflicts are being faced by the companies existing there and which are
providing services related to travel and tourism (Page, 2014). So, it is the primary duty of legal
authorities to take some initiative in order to eliminate such conflicts from the country. It has
been observed that Barcelona and Venice are two beautiful and attractive places in Spain and
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Italy respectively. These places are seeking attention of large number of tourists as it is
considered as suitable place ton pend holidays and also consist of impressive culture and
locations. But there are some conflicts that are emerging in these places and are adversely
affecting on the growth of heritage and cultural resources. The conflicts is related with political
impacts, valuation of currencies , decrements in trades and certain legal issues. These types of
problems is directly affecting on visitors attraction. Such conflicts emerges due to the
inconvenient understanding among regional bodies and government. Some of the important
conflicts are listed below :
Rush of tourists : Most of the times, spots of heritage are being damaged due to unchecked
tourism. Large number of people are coming for examining the beauty of such places and due to
this, they are damaging as well as spoiling the natural assets at greater extent. Tourists throw
wastes here and there without thinking about the pollution. The cleanliness of the places are also
badly affected by this phenomena. Nations are recognized by its destinations, so it is very
important to save its resources. For example, spots like Park Guell, Casa Mila, etc. are some
tourist spots in Barcelona that is being impacted due to high rush of tourists.
Poor planning and land use : Various resources such as museums, ancient monuments,
waterfalls, mountains, etc. are damaging due to the poor planning. There is no proper plan for
conserving them and maintaining their natural beauty. That is why, the brightness of these
places are losing day on day. Cascate del Verde, Abruzzo and Terme di Saturnia are the two
most beautiful waterfall whose water is being polluted due to the improper planning. So,
government of Italy should make appropriate policies in order to maintain the beauty of their
natural resources.
Impact of new technology and innovation : Now a days, technological development is going
on at greater extent and due to this various organizations are taking use of virtual reality and
interactive software for creating artificial spots for attracting tourists (Korstanje, 2012). The
capital cost is high in this but at the same time huge amount of revenue is generating from this.
Modern ventures are providing training and improving the skills of their employees so that they
can provide proper services to the travelers. This is positively impacting on the value of natural
and heritage resources as it helps in earning more money by showing unique things to the
viewers. So, it can be treated as big opportunities for the whole cultural tourism industry.
Presentation of heritage and culture to visitors : Some of the corporations are not able to
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represent their heritage and cultural spots due to poor planning and lack of presentation skills.
This is also affecting adversely on the tourism industry as they are not capable of attracting
more visitors towards their nations. For example firms like Mondo , CorreYvuela, Trip4Real,
etc. are not able to present impressive holidays packages to their clients so that they get attracted
to visit Barcelona's cultural and heritage places. Even they are also failed in providing essential
knowledge about the past events and culture of this place, due to this there seen decrease in the
number of visitors.
Possible reasons of conflicts : Conflicts are rises due to few governance policies'
ineffectiveness and different legal problems that is directly influencing on tourism sector. In
addition to this, terrorists attacks happening in Barcelona and Venice are another reason of this
conflict as number of visitors are reducing dramatically due to this. Few conflictual situation
occurs in tourism business can be due to deficiency of good transport facilities and cleanliness
at a specific locations. This also impact negatively and in turn reduction in amount of travellers
in Barcelona and Venice occurs.
What is your opinion on these : According to me, tourism business of Venice and Barcelona
requires to be improved efficaciously. This can be done by making proper and correct policies
and procedures that can be utilized for doing traveling development. Government of those
places also needs to focus on the same so that all conflicts can be resolved adequately.
TASK 2
2.1 Purpose of cultural and heritage attractions in full- filling the requirements of different users
The Albert and Victoria museums are giving good contribution in the heritage and
traditional tourism of United Kingdom because these spots are composed of great knowledgeable
resources and are representing the human history, art and past cultures. National Maritime
museum is the largest museum of the world. This will show the miniature appearance of the ship.
They are fully realistic or complete and attracts large number of travelers. The queens house in
Greenwich which is one of the most interesting building in the nation. It is necessary
architecturally, and it is popular for their old occupants and its art collection. It symbolize the
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culture of united kingdom in proper manner among the travelers. The main purpose of National
Maritime museum is to represent the miniature appearance of the ship. They are completely
realistic and thus are able to attract large number of people.
British museum is situated in London and it is founded in 1753. it receive 160 Egyptian
objects which are made by Sir Hans Stoane and it will attracts large number of travelers and
learn about educations. The main purpose of British museum is to represent the art , culture and
human history and is considered as heart of London. Large number of civilians including
students, couples, families, etc. used to visit here. They are meeting the demands of customers as
comprises of around 8 million of original works of every continents. In addition to this, it also
includes 160 Egyptian object which was developed by sir Hans Sloane.
Queen's house is located in Greenwich in London. This is consisting of internationally
famous collection of art , Inigo Jones' architectural master piece (Known as first classical
building in United Kingdom ). This is to be noted that here there is no entry charges. Thus,
visitors come here to enjoy the historical beauty of UK.
Victoria museum is located in London and is considered as gathering of different historical
contents that is giving a positive impact on the cultural operations of nation (Richards and van
der Ark, 2013). This is grasping the documentary story of human culture from the ancient time to
this modern world. Structures of such museums are plotting the past culture or tradition of UK
and are providing important information regarding the structural designing or the architecture of
human history. There are different purposes of heritage and cultural attractions within tourism
industry. Some of them are described below :
 Education : This is one of the main reason of visiting heritage spots as most of the
people come here to gather an extended knowledge both for the personal preference and
the hypothetical learning. In these days, some of the universities and colleges have add a
new chapter their syllabus which is about the study of culture and heritage of the country.
In order to learn practical knowledge about these, students prefer to visit such museums
as they show them the ancient things and culture (Richards, 2011). In addition to this,
arrangement of various educational activities are also done in Victoria and Albert
museum. They used to show dramas, thematic stories, dances, etc, which is based on past
culture. Thus, it helps a lot to the students in acquiring relevant information about the
previous tradition and living styles of people at that time.
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 Researches : This is the other reason of attracting travellers as different people come here
for the purpose of doing research. They want to examine the scientific development
which is present in the form of some famous instruments in Science museum. These
instruments are laser lamp, lie detector, robots, etc. that draw the attention of visitors who
are interested in science and technology (Boukas, Ziakas and Boustras, 2013). Students
are also permitted here to do various experimental activities. Thus, it is very benefit - able
for learning of people.
 Recreation : In current era, civilians are very busy in their personal life and they have no
time for doing their entertainment. People used to go to office at 9 o' clock and return
back at 8 o' clock. That is why they have not enough time to spend with their family
members. Here, heritage and cultural tourism plays an important role by recreating them
(Poria, Reichel and Cohen, 2013). At these places, they examine the beauty of ancient
commodities as well as spent a plenty of time with their friends, families, children, etc.
Thus, it can be said that museums are great source of earning huge income as most of the
tourist visit these places regularly in their leisure time.
 Entertainment : This is also a purpose of visiting cultural places as such places are
considered as good source of entertainment for the visitors. Civilians enjoy by watching
rare natural scenes and creative activities here.
TASK 3
3.1 Impact of various types of ownership on the management of heritage and cultural sites
Covered in leaflet
3.2 Roles and responsibilities of ventures in traditional and heritage industry
Covered in leaflet
TASK 4
4.1 Methods and media used for interpretation within heritage and cultural industry
Interpretation generally refers to communication in terms of heritage attraction and hence
making such places more meaningful to the tourists. This is an educational procedure or program
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having an objective to explain the meaning of relationship by taking use of original objects and
not only doing the simple communication of the reality linked with cultural places. Therefore, it
is the disclosure of main idea that is kept behind the statements of fact. There are various types
of methods and media that are utilised by historical monuments, national parks, museums,
places, etc. which are discussed below : Images : Some time, images of heritage and cultural sites generally draws the attention of
large number of travellers from the regional as well as global level. This will assist in
leading inventive and creative ideas that are formulated by legal authorities in order to
attract consumers towards the tourism spots (Galí-Espelt, 2012). Some posts of the
heritage location largely attracts interested as well as willing visitors foe some specific
destinations. Auditoriums : Various auditoriums has been setting up at the ancient and cultural
locations like Victoria and Albert museums where by significance of those sites are
revealed to the people. Guides : It is considered as most common and effective technique of interpretation. In
this method, explanation of tourism sites are provided by tourist guides to the visitors
who do not know any thing about the specific place (Cucciaand Rizzo, 2011). The
standard of information given by guides are commonly depends on the level of
understanding or interest of the travellers. Thus, general data may be offered at the same
time when there exists another techniques of interpretation. Audio visual media : It is one of the modern technique that is being used for the purpose
of interpretation. Audio visual media are provided to the tourists at the time of visiting
some place and tour operators try to understand them about the importance of such places
(Raj and Griffin,2015). As people come across all over the world, they speak or
understand different languages, therefore this audio is present in different languages so
that travellers easily under the language and enjoy the beauty of heritage places by
listening specific story related top that place. Map, brochure and books : These things are considered as original forms of
interpretation that are present in all tourism spots. Brochure offers concise level of
information but books gives elegant information or facts about most of heritage and
cultural sites. This is full- filling the requirements of tourists according to their level of
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interest. Furthermore, maps and brochure also aids tourists in doing planning for the
vacations and giving them idea about places that can be travelled. Light and sound show : This is another modern and animated procedure of
interpretation. Light and sound shows are arranged at some places at certain time during
the day. By watching this, people come to know about several aspects of the places and
hence and find it later on. Moreover, it may add to the knowledge of the travellers who
have visited the spots and thus come to know about ancients realities about that place by
the means of story represented by the sound and light show. Events : Various events are arranged in UK in order to attract large number of customers
towards the historical and cultural places. Different shows and concerts helps in
understanding about the museums and monuments (Hartmann, 2014). These all events
are designed and implemented or controlled by professionals so that no faults would rise
while performing the events or show.
 Performing arts : This is same as the reconstruction video except that it is used for
depicting tradition or ancient culture of the heritage sites. Though, here in this case of
reconstructing video, instant and live presentation is not done and are recorded for later
representation (Goeldner and Ritchie, 2012). Besides this, various other things such as
dance, songs, short films, etc. are designed in the form of a play or story. By this way,
people present there can relate themselves by actors existing in that play. This is why for
which most of visitors gets attracted and come to visit the ancient and historical
museums.
British Museum utilises interpretation for visitor experience as it also provides another
large number of benefits. Various types of images are used by this museum such as Fra Angelico
to Leonardo. It is an Italian Renaissance Drawings that was treated as a specific collaboration
between the Uffizi in Florence and the British Museum, which is showing the drawings of Italian
artists of 15th-century . The purpose of the presentation is to provide a chance to visitors for
understanding the culture of several places during the identical time period. This has been
examined that they are using object like display , colours and interpretation in their exhibition in
order to attract visitors effectively.
Queen's house on the other hand uses different charts , images, maps, lightning, etc. for
the purpose of interpretation. The House's closure has provided Royal Museums Greenwich the
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possibility to renovate art galleries, considering the Tulip Stairs and the King’s Presence
Chamber , as well as presenting new displays and colour schemes, customized lighting and new
internal representations methods. National Maritime museum is also using different means of
interpretation such as guides, images, Light and sound shows, etc. in order to gain attention of
large number of visitors.
CONCLUSION
From the above based report, it has been concluded that most of the revenue is being
generated from the tourism industry. Heritage and cultural tourism is a part of this sector and
plays an important role in drawing attention of more visitors towards the tourism sites present in
the UK. Government is also taking part in conserving these spots so that citizens of whole world
come to know about their glorious past as well as present. Large number of private ventures are
emerging and conducting business related to tourisms field and as a result are making huge
profits from this.
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REFERENCES
Books & journals
Boukas, N., Ziakas, V. and Boustras, G., 2013. Olympic legacy and cultural tourism: Exploring
the facets of Athens’ Olympic heritage. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 19(2).pp.203-
228.
Cuccia, T. and Rizzo, I., 2011. Tourism seasonality in cultural destinations: Empirical evidence
from Sicily. Tourism Management. 32(3). pp.589-595.
Galí-Espelt, N., 2012. Identifying cultural tourism: a theoretical methodological proposal.
Journal of heritage Tourism. 7(1). pp.45-58.
Goeldner, C. R. and Ritchie, J. B., 2012. Tourism: principles, practices, philosophies (No. Ed.
12). John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Hartmann, R., 2014. Dark tourism, thanatourism, and dissonance in heritage tourism
management: new directions in contemporary tourism research. Journal of Heritage Tourism.
9(2). pp.166-182.
Korstanje, M., 2012. Reconsidering cultural tourism: an anthropologist's perspective. Journal of
Heritage Tourism.7(2). pp.179-184.
Logan, W., 2012. Cultural diversity, cultural heritage and human rights: towards heritage
management as human rights-based cultural practice. International journal of heritage studies.
18(3). pp.231-244.
Mason, P., 2015. Tourism impacts, planning and management. Routledge.
Page, S. J., 2014. Tourism management. Routledge.
Poria, Y., Reichel, A. and Cohen, R., 2013. Tourists perceptions of World Heritage Site and its
designation. Tourism Management. 35. pp.272-274.
Raj, R. and Griffin, K. A. eds., 2015. Religious tourism and pilgrimage management: An
international perspective. Cabi.
Richards, G. and van der Ark, L. A., 2013. Dimensions of cultural consumption among tourists:
Multiple correspondence analysis. Tourism Management. 37. pp.71-76.
Richards, G., 2011. Creativity and tourism: The state of the art. Annals of tourism research.
38(4). pp.1225-1253.
Richards, G., 2011. Tourism development trajectories: From culture to creativity?. Tourism &
Management Studies. 6. pp.9-15.
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Salazar, N. B., 2012. Community-based cultural tourism: issues, threats and opportunities.
Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 20(1). pp.9-22.
Salazar, N. B., 2012. Community-based cultural tourism: issues, threats and opportunities.
Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 20(1). pp.9-22.
Timothy, D. J. ed., 2017. Managing heritage and cultural tourism resources: Critical essays,
Volume one. Routledge.
Yeoman, I. and et. al., 2012. Festival and events management. Routledge.
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