Effective Leadership in Operations Management

The assignment delves into the importance of leadership within operations management. It examines different leadership roles and styles, highlighting their influence on organizational performance, innovation, knowledge management, and employee motivation. Key concepts such as transformational leadership, servant leadership, and self-leadership are discussed in relation to successful operational strategies.

Management and Leadership Concepts on
Operations Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
Meaning of the Leaders and managers............................................................................................3
Roles of Leaders and Managers.......................................................................................................5
Theories of the Leadership..............................................................................................................8
P4.....................................................................................................................................................9
Key Approaches to Operational Management.................................................................................9
Three Functions of the Operational Management.........................................................................12
Impact of Environment on Operational Management and Decision Making of the Leaders and
Managers:.......................................................................................................................................14
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Leadership skills are used in a company so that the followers can be managed accordingly.
There are some differences in the manager and leadership approaches. In this report role of leaders
in operating the trade activities is described (Kotter, 2008). The study is based on Marks and
Spencer, it is retail company and is operating its business activities in the filed of the clothing and
footwear. It has to manage all the organisational fictions properly. In this report role of leaders,
managers and theories of the mentorship is described. The purpose of the report is to find out and
address all those elements which can influence the operational management and leadership.
Meaning of the Leaders and managers
Leaders are the pillars of the company and they help themselves and they make other do and
perform the right things. They set the directions, determines the vision and set the strategies to
achieve the targets. They set the directions for the followers and provide the guidance to all so that
the workings can be done properly. So it can be said that leaders handles the different things in
different situations. Thus the leaders set the vision for the followers and motivate the employees in
attaining their objectives (Neck and Manz, 2010). The goals can be achieved by using the strategies
in a same directions. Leaders provides the directions to the followers and inspire them in obtaining
the ultimate goals. It is a process in which the workers are inspired to attain the goals. The people
are leaded towards the goals and missions of the organisation. Employees are guided in a decent
manner so that the targets can be achieved. Leadership is an action in which the people are
motivated to achieve their objectives.
Managers are the persons who manage the functions of the business and mange the
employees in such manner that the goals can be attained in a perfect manner. They have very sound
mind set and strategic approach. The managers set the objectives and determines the most suitable
ways in which the tasks can be performed (Lovelock, Wirtz and Chew, 2009). They divide the work
in the manageable manner and then assign these tasks to the employees of the company. The
managers make a team and communication is managed among the team members in such manner
that the goals can be attained. So they give the instructions and give orders to follow those. They
measure the targets and motivate other people so that they can feel and get the instructions from
their seniors and start to complete the tasks at time. Thus, the managers are different from the
leaders. As per Victor Lip-man “Excellent mangers come in all shapes and sizes. They can be loud
extroverted and introverted.” they do not get familiar with the other employees and workers so they
keep themselves different than other employees.
Comparison of the Roles of the Managers and Leaders:
Role of the leaders are described as under:

 Develop the strategy: The leaders are having very vital role in Marks and Spencer as they
formulate the plans and strategies and work by following it. He must understand the policies
of the company and the styles of the working of the entity. By this he will be able to
formulate most suitable strategies in such manner that the goals can be achieved by a mutual
working of the followers (Liao, H. and et.al., 2009).
 Communicate a Vision: The most important role of the leaders is to set the vision and to
communicate it with all other working members. By this all the employees will get to know
about their targets and will perform the activities accordingly.
 Serve the team: it is another major role of the team leaders they serve the team and takes
acre of the employees and members in a team. So they nerve the teams in a most suitable
manner.
 Motivate the members: The motivation is very important for fulfilling the objectives and the
needs of the employees and this can be done by a good leader. If he is perfect and is having
all the essential qualities then all the tasks can be completed in a accurate way (Johnston and
Clark, 2008).
On the other hand manager are having some different roles in the business, which are
distinct form the leaders these are described as under:
 Planning: it is the most important role of the mangers in a business, they make the plans to
achieve the goals and then assign the powers to the employees to work according to the
planning.
 Organizing: it the prime duty of the mangers to organize the functions in such manner that
no issue can take place in the employees and they will be able to perform the tasks in a
perfect manner.
 Staffing: it is the another major role of the manager. He is liable for recruiting, selecting,
training and developing the employees (Zack, McKeen and Singh, 2009).
 Directing: The managers are liable to give the directions to the workers so that they can
work properly and can manage the operations.
Thus, in the above mentioned way the roles of the leaders are described there is difference in
the role of the managers and leaders.
Difference in the characters of the mangers and leaders:
Managers Leaders
Managers have the employees. Leaders have the followers.

They react to the change. Leaders create change.
They have the ideas and makes the plan. They implement the ideas and makes the
strategies according to the plan.
They communicate the procedures. They persuade the matters.
They direct the groups. They create the teams.
Managers take credit. Leaders take responsibility.
They are focused. Leaders create shared focus.
They try to be heroes. They make heroes of everyone around them.
Roles of Leaders and Managers
In simple words leader is a person who inspire or influence the group of people or team
members to achieve the company's objective with effective.
Role of leader in working with new team: at Marks and Spencer the growing British company which
operates in clothing footwear and home appliances, leader's duties is very significance in working
with new team: Define the vision of team Planning and strategy of teamwork Motivate team member Define role of group member Solve conflict in team Managing work culture Directing and guiding to employee
Defining the vision of team: the primary role of leader is determine the vision of team it
including the objectives of team (Wright, Moynihan and Pandey, 2012). It provide is idea to
members what they going to achieve together, without vision people can not work together
efficiently it become cause of failure to achieve their common goals. The main role of team leader
is to communicate with a specific vision of the team.
Planning and strategy for team work: these factors play a vital role to accomplish
objectives. A good planning and strategy help to setting platform for team members how they can
work to meet goals of group. It includes various aspects such methods and techniques of works.
Motivate team member: inspiring to team members is very crucial role of a good leader, he
or she can motivate them by difference way such as reward of their success and give professional
recognition for successful accomplishment of assign task. Leader's role is to stimulate teammates to

work together with other members of team (Singh, 2008).
Define role of group members: clear determination of role and responsibility of workers. It
is assist them to perform better in accomplish their tasks. It helps to reduce confusion about work in
team and help to build team cooperation which aid in successful meeting with group goals.
Solve conflict: in a team there are number of person who perform various assign tasks to
fulfil goals but sometimes they face few conflicts due differences in their attitudes, perceptions,
personalities, culture, languages and nationalism. A good leader should be capable to control and
resolve their conflict and motivate them to work together by maintaining an effective
communication chain to solve their personal and professional issues (Bilton, 2007).
Managing work culture: a better work culture assist to team to perform their role to reach
group goals. Leader role is very crucial to provide and manage a helping work culture to his or her
teammates to communicate and helps each others to achieve business objectives.
Directing and guide to employees: these aspects of leadership assist to team members to
how to do work smartly. Simply smart work refers as the maximum output with minimum input.
Role of leader for working on new project: small difference role leader play in working on new
project:
identify need of project
define role of team member.
collection and allocation of resource
Delegation of power and duties to teammates.
Monitoring performance of group members.
Role of function manager in new team: a person who hold the responsibilities of management
within an organisation. Manager roles are:
Planning: it is the primary function of manager is to detail plan of tasks to achieve Marks
and Spencer business goals. For example marketing manager have objective enhance in sales
revenue in off season time (Chang and Lee, 2007).
Organising: another main function of manager is organise the available business resources
in effective manner to proper utilise them to accomplish company goals. In this functions business
officers allot company's asset to reduce the wastage of it.
Staffing: In simple words staffing means arrange the right person at right position at right

time by recruitment, selection and training to company's employee.
Leading: the next important function of manager is lead. It involve communicating to
employee, inspiring and encouraging company's worker to get business tasks. This role of manager
helps cooperation among the various departments of Marks and Spencer through effective
communication (Walumbwa, Hartnell and Oke, 2010).
Control: this role of manager is regulate over ongoing actions within the organisation. It
includes setting performances parameters, measurement of employees tasks achievement and
compare the actual result to expected output.
Manager role in new project: he's roles in new project
Defining project objectives: primary role of manager is determine project objectives, it
includes the market demand and trends for a specific products or services.
Conduct research for project: another importance duty is conduct research to start new
project to business growth and brand development.
Planning and organising of resources: In this business officer aims to devising and proper
allocation of resources of business to complete new project (Christopher, 2016).
Management of fund: manager role is manage the finance for accomplishment
organisational project. He's responsible to optimum utilisation of monetary resources through
proper allocation it.
Formulation project policies: making policy and strategy for new project include
objectives, time duration, managing resources etc.,
Implementation strategy: manager role is vital to practice of business strategy to get success
in invent new goods and services, in this business officer execute planning into reality.
Monitor: evaluating of the policies, performances of employee and percentage of success of
project and its require change are link with manager responsibility, he is liable to improve any
defect in product or service of company (Bush, 2007).
Theories of the Leadership
Situational Theory: it is the theory, as per this theory the effective leaders are those leaders
who are capable for manage themselves in a particular situation with effective manner. In it the
leaders tell the followers that what they have to do. They offer less direction and allow the members
of the group to take the decisions own their on. Members of the group take the decisions and they

tend themselves with the responsibility (Gebauer, 2008). They are enthusiastic and motivated
towards their goals. The leaders must behave in a manner in which they can develop the followers
accordingly. As per this theory the leadership depends upon two key behaviours the first is
supporting and the second is directing. So the mentors behave in such manner that they can be able
to give the appropriate directions to the other group members and can support them by motivating
so that they can be able to work and perform best. This can be applied on two situations these are
described as under:
Working with new team members: When the working is done with the new members then
this theory can be applied as the members can be motivated by providing the guidance and direction
to them. The effective leaders can be able to perform better by using the strategies in same and
perfect direction. It is very important for the leader of the Marks and Spencer to work with the
effective coordination with the employees. And to provide the proper guidance to them.
Working on a new Project: in this situation the members are new and they are not having the
information of the new projects so this theory can be applied on the situation. As per this theory the
leaders have to work effectively in every situation so that the tasks which are assigned to the
followers can be done in the most effective manner so it can be said that this theory is having a
great impact on the followers and the leaders as they all can be able to perform in a critical situation
as well (Paarlberg and Lavigna, 2010).
System Leadership Theory: It is a term in it the leaders examine the interactions between
the followers. So it can be said that this theory is helpful in managing, analysis and assessing the
data and information of the company. It focus on the basic unit which is coordinated with the other
units in a entity. The leaders have to manage the information and the data at workplace. In it the
performance management system is used to evaluate the situation of the company so that the
strategies can be opt as per the situation (Beatriz, Deborah and Hunter, 2008). Along with this the
entity is not having good data or is facing some issues so the corporation has to modify the system.
First it can review the procedures and then it will pay attention on taking the decisions as per the
system of the work completion. System theory describes that the company can get success if the one
system is associated with the other fictional systems. So it is the approach which can be used to opt
the new techniques in the business. This can be applied on two situations:
Working with new team members: in it the team leaders have to pay attention on the working
conditions of the workers. And the system theory can be applied on the ways of the working of the
employees. By this new members will be able to address the situation analysis and they can
complete the work and their targets at time.
Working on a new Project: in this term any project can be started such as the company can

initiate in any particular field. So the company can use this approach as the new project its features
and working conditions can be implied by the leaders in such manner that the new project can be
started (Ke and Wei, 2008).
Contingency Theory: As per this theory the leaders must work in such manner that they will
be able to adjust. Everything is interdependent so they must consider all the factors, leaders of the
organization have to deal with the various situations. The leaders are having the relationship with
the other departmental heads as well. Thus, it can be said that this theory pays attention on some
aspects these are the behaviouralism, Tasks, integrity of the organisation and system environments.
As per this theory the leaders have to work interdependently so that the decisions can be taken
accordingly. It is very important for the mentors to operate the business activities and he has to
make the interconnections with all departments.
Working with new team members: New members are to be motivated as per the projects and
working criteria. As per this theory the leaders have to pay attention on the qualities of the followers
so that they can feel interdependent and motivated. By this they will be able to perform their roles
perfectly (Gummesson, Lusch and Vargo, 2010).
Working with the new projects: The new projects are to be initiated by new strategies and
terminologies. It is very important for the leaders to opt this theory as this can be beneficial for the
followers as they will be able to work with their best dignity and their ideas can be shared. So the
contingency theory can be applied in the company by this the tasks will be performed properly.
New projects can be started easily.
P4
Key Approaches to Operational Management
TQM (Total Quality Management): In this approach an organisation mainly focus to improve in
company's products or service which is deliver to customer by bring effective and certain change in
business operation.
Role of leader in TQM: leadership perform as advance management tools to apply in TQM
approach by principle of operations of business department and model of this approach, leader role
in that methods are:
Involvement: in TQM all departments should be participant that can be affecting the
business operation. In this approach leader need to find out the departments are doing and establish
a team which represent all groups that affect it. Effective involvement helps to management to
improve quality of products or services of within businesses (Ubben, Hughes and Norris, 2015).
Interest: leadership require to helps employee to realise the importance for new change

adoption to create a better goods of the company by providing enjoyable working condition.
Monitoring: TQM in organisation ongoing process which helps to leader on evaluate the
performance to the employees and assist to appraisal through training and development.
Role of manager in TQM implementation:
lInstigator: initiating of TQM method require a strong commitment from senior manager to
establish change regarding cost and culture. Instigator role of TQM implementation design an
appropriate strategy to get benefit of expenditure.
Facilitator: manager need to establish a team having knowledge of line structure to improve
the quality of the goods and services of companies. It aims to communicate and assist to TQM
based organisation. It aids to gain business resources and making time to training and development
of new joiners to improving their skills to perform their role in company (Oke, Munshi and
Walumbwa, 2009).
Work as trainer: manager can be use himself as trainer to employee to boost their skills and
capabilities to meet organisational goals. In TQM worker can train by internal source rather than
outsider human resource consultancy.
JIT(Just in time): its secondary name is just in production, this method deal with produce goods or
service when arise the demand of the product. For example decorative things produce bulk quantity
in December cause of holiday season of Christmas and New year. The greatest benefit of the system
is organisation can use their resources to other tasks. Role of leader in JIT approach:
Coordinate with employee: leader and worker relationship is very crucial in this approach to
eliminate wastage of time and resources by effective communication which help to make adequate
change in production of the organisation (CHUANG and Liao, 2010).
Solve queries of employee: another important role played by leader in this production
method resolve the queries of the worker and guide them how to integrate all the resources in
making new product or services.
Building morale of workers: in JIT method of working system a leader can help to increase
the morale of organisation's employee to perform by reducing the cost of production and eliminate
the wastage by generating greater efficiency.
Manager role in JIT approach: these duties are perform by management:
Facilitate of teamwork: manager can help employees to promote teamwork within the
organization by establishing favourable work environment and effective communication chain
which helpful to minimise the conflict among workers and between top to bottom management.

Providing multitasking training: it assist to company to increase in capabilities and skills of
the subordinate to perform number of task at same time and providing essential suggestions to
effective decision making for profit interest of company (Kotter, 2008).
communication with buyer and suppliers: in JIT method manager role become essential to
communicate with customer and raw material suppliers to satisfied consumer need.
Kaizen approach: this approach refer as the systematic ongoing learning to continuous improvement
in organisation role such as production, logistic, customer relationship etc to provide maximum
satisfaction to company customer
Role of leader:
 Motivate to employee.
 Promote teamwork.
 Managing team diversity.
 Enhance relationship between top to bottom level.
 Role of manager
 Monitor performance and enhance it.
 Establish training and development program.
 Assign role and responsibilities to worker.
 Maintain quality of goods or services.
There is presence of greater responsibilities of the manager of operations in attaining the
project goals. This is related with management of human resources. With this sound services can be
created that is effective in enhancing the image of the brand to a greater extent. Such is important in
management of the cost. It includes the cost that is involved in attaining the resources and
transforming them and their delivery to the customers to a greater extent.
According to the provided case scenario, the organization has carried out its operations very
successfully with the help of directions which has been provide by the manager and coordinator of
project. In terms of operations management, it can be expressed that organization can make use of
various approaches such as total quality management, just in time technique and kaizen approach.
As per the approach of total quality management, the selected business enterprise will need to lay
emphasis on areas such as overall product and service quality. Leader working in organization need
to take active participation in enhancing and maintaining quality in products and services. On the
other side of this, the use of just in time technique can be also very useful in terms of carrying out

effective management of all operations. Here, the leader will be required to focus on building
morale of worker and seek for sorting out the issues or workers.
P5
There is greater importance of operations management in attainment of organizational
targets. This is because with these activities are planned in an effective manner which influences the
work flow to a significant level. It has been assessed that management of operations and allocation
of schedule to several activities can leads to attainment of quality targets of the Marks and Spencer.
In terms of accomplishment of business objectives, it can be asserted that operations
management plays very vital role. It can be expressed that it is because of effective operations that
businesses are able to deliver satisfactory products and services to customers. Organization’s
objective includes seeking for higher growth and customer satisfaction. The technique of operations
management helps in carrying out smooth flow of production process and business activities of
Marks and Spencer. Along with this, it also plays very important role in carrying out modifications
in different services and products according to the need and demand of people in the market. Along
with this, operations management also results in enhancing the overall effectiveness and efficiency
of people working in Marks and Spencer. This results in placing more efforts towards
accomplishment of aim and objectives of the company. It can be stated that the use of operations
management results in carrying out the most effective management of waste and thus support the
company in achieving all its aim and objectives. Operations management has major focus on the
production of the goods and services within the firm. Its significance for overall business cannot be
underestimated. When the business operations are managed in proper manner then the functions
within the department can run in smooth manner. Thus there is greater significance of operations
management towards increasing the quality and management of the waste within the firm. However
in case the operations of firm are not managed in an effective manner then other departments needs
to suffer.
Three Functions of the Operational Management
In every business there are some tools which are used to operate the trade activities. It is a
multi disciplinary field which focuses on managing all the aspects of the organisation (Neck and
Manz, 2010). There are various departments in a business and it is very important to have a
significant role of all these departments in the company. There are sales and marketing departments
along with this the finance department and manufacturing department are also having a great
significance in providing the best services and products to the customers. OM focuses on the
function of the providing the products and services. Their prime role is to evaluate the quality of the
products and services. The employees of the operational management apply the ideas in such

manner that the decisions can be taken for increasing the productivity and quality of the products.
So to provide the best products is the most important function of the operational departments.
Managers of this department pays attention on producing the tangible goods, and they take care of
the elements by which the production or manufacturing can be done in the most suitable way. The
professional of this departments are project manager, lawyers, consultants, accountants, office
manager and other manger. There are three major functions of the operational managers:
Designing: It is the first function of the operational management. In it the employees pay
attention on the techniques and features of the products so that it can be produced in the most
effective way. For this it is very important for them to take care of the expectations of the
customers. Along with this the layout can be managed, in it the machinery which is to be used in
production, information system is used for the designing process. Thus, it is the most important
function as in it the element of the manufacturing are used and implemented (Lovelock, Wirtz and
Chew, 2009).
Planning: In it the management makes the planning about the utilization of the resources in
optimum manner. So it can be said that the planning is very important for the success of the
products and services. The planning is done on the basis of the present resources and technologies.
When the planning is done then it can be told to the other employees that how and in which way
they have to perform their functions. So it is very important for the operational management process
to make the plans for the proper function.
Managing: in it the operation manager organise the things and resources in such manner that
the optimum utilization of the resources can be done. It is essential to have all the elements in a
organised way. If the manager will be bale to manage all the manufacturing activities then all the
activities of the operational management will be performed in the most effective way. The good
managing approach can provide a better overview to the management as the products can be
produced properly and as per the needs and requirements of the customers (Liao, H. and et.al.,
2009).
Coordinating: the parts of a work must be coordinated. By this the issues can not be arise
and if they arise it will become easier to resolve those matters. In this function the coordination is
made among the team members and the operational team. This can create an impact in the mind of
the workers and they will have a thought to work with more dignity. So the coordination is very
important feature of the operational management.
Thus, in above mentioned way some most important functions of the operational
management is described. Along with this the controlling and monitoring is also a part of the
operational management function. In this element the management review the whole process and

determine that if it is implemented properly or not. In this way the errors which have remained in
this process can be removed by taking rectified steps (Johnston and Clark, 2008).
If the above mentioned functions are opted properly in the business then the products can be
produced with most effective quality. Along with this the competitive benefits can also be availed
by using these functions in the operational management. So it be said that the above mentioned
functions are having very vital role in addressing the needs of the customers and to provide the
goods and services in most effective manner. It is very important for the Marks and Spencer to take
care of all those elements which are to be used in the process of the operational management. As by
following theses concepts issues and the wastage of the product can be reduced (Zack, McKeen and
Singh, 2009). In the process of the operation management while producing the goods, some waste is
execrated by them and it is essential to use that in a meaningful activity or to work in such manner
as this waste can be reduced. If the above mentioned functions are used in the manufacturing
process or operational management process then waste can be reduced and the finished products can
be made with the effective quality.
Impact of Environment on Operational Management and Decision Making of the Leaders and
Managers:
Operational Management is a wider term so it is very important to follow the elements of it.
It can get affected by the business environment. In it various internal and external factors are there
which can affect the operational management. As far as internal elements are considered in it the
internal policies of the company can affect the factors of the operational management. These are
generally in control of the management (Wright, Moynihan and Pandey, 2012). But the external
elements can be the legal, governmental and regulatory authorities and these are not in the control
of the management. Hence, can not be changed, so these are to be adopted as per the changing
scenario. In below mentioned way some factors are described which can affect the OM, these are
described as under:
Corporate Social Responsibility: It is the legal term, as per this concept very entity has to
follow some rules and policies of the CSR. These regulations are made for the welfare of the
society, and the surroundings. To contribute something for the society is very important for the
company. Stakeholders are the most important persons for the corporate (Bilton, 2007). If the
stakeholders are treated in the most effective manner then they will feel more prevailed. To protect
the society and the environment is very important. As far as operational management is considered
it is the activity in which the productions and manufacturing functions are carried out. In this the
waste can be excreted which should be decomposed properly. It should not harm the society and the
environment. So CSR policy is made for the protection of the environment.
It can affect the decision making process of the mangers and leaders. They will have to

manage the situation as per the policy and regulations. When the law changes then the managers
have to modify their decisions accordingly. The stakeholders are to be treated as per the policies of
the CSR rules (Singh, 2008).
Ethics: While carrying the business activities it is very important for the managers to take
care of the moral duties of the employees and the customers. The workers must be treated in an
effective way and they should be provided all the motivation aspect which can inspire them.
Business ethics are defined in terms of the social, communal and environmental responsibilities
towards the goals of the business and the society (Chang and Lee, 2007). The safe and secure
environment can be made for the workers. Along with this the packaging of the product should be in
such manner that it can not affect the environment. The customers must be provided the goods and
services as per their choice and taste. They should not be harmed by the products.
It can affect the decision making, if the products are not provided properly or are affecting
the society. Then the manger can take the decisions in such manner that it can not affect the moral
values of the stakeholders.
Culture and values: the stakeholders must be taken acre and their values must be protected.
The mangers are the prime partners of the business and to protect the interest of the all stakeholders
is their duty. While doing the activities of the operational management the manager must produce
the goods according to the market trend and it should not have any adverse effect the stakeholders.
If it is so then the decision making process can be altered and they can be taken accordingly. So it
can affect the decision making process as well (Walumbwa, Hartnell and Oke, 2010).
Sustainability: if the production activities are carried out properly then the business can be
operated sustainability. So the trade activities must be carried in such manner that the business
functions can be operated with sustainability. So the operational management activities must carried
in such way that the operational activities can be managed properly. Sometimes the managers have
to take the decisions as per the situation of the business.
CONCLUSION
In the above mentioned report role of the leaders and mangers in the business is described. It
is very important for carrying the business activities in more smoother way. And this can be done by
following the principles of the leadership skills. To make people done their workings is the most
prominent part of the business. There are some theories which can be adopted in managing the trade
functions. Thus, it can be concluded that leadership skills are having very vital role in operating the
business activities.

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