Motivational Theories and Organizational Behavior

This assignment delves into the realm of motivational theories and their influence on organizational behavior. Students are tasked with examining various motivational theories, such as Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, and Expectancy Theory, and analyzing their application within organizational contexts. The assignment emphasizes critical thinking, research skills, and the ability to synthesize theoretical concepts with real-world examples. It encourages students to explore how different motivational strategies can impact employee performance, job satisfaction, and overall organizational success.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Compare the different organisational structure and culture .................................................1
1.2 Relationship between organisation structure and culture impact on performance of
business.......................................................................................................................................3
1.3 Factors which influence the behaviour of employees at work place....................................4
TAKS 2 ...........................................................................................................................................4
2.1 The effectiveness of Different leadership styles between Toyota and Ford Motor company.
.....................................................................................................................................................4
2.2 Explain organisation theory underpins the practices of management...................................5
2.3 Different approaches of management used by organisation.................................................6
TASK 3 ..........................................................................................................................................6
3.1 The impact of leadership styles that may have on motivation in Toyota Motors
Corporation.................................................................................................................................6
3.2 The application of different motivational theories within Toyota Motors Corporation ......7
3.3 The usefulness of any motivation theory for managers in relation to Toyota Motors
Corporation.................................................................................................................................8
TAKS 4 ...........................................................................................................................................8
4.1 The nature of group and group behaviour within Toyota Motors Corporation....................8
4.2 The factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective team work...............9
4.3 The impact of technology on team functioning within Toyota Motor Corporation.............9
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is a wide term which plays most effective role in gaining high
growth and success at market place. Organisational behaviour can be consist as a study of human
thinking where different factors such as what people think, feel and do at work place are
included (Bolino and et. al., 2013). For this report Toyota Motor Corporation is chosen company
which is established in the year of 1937. It is most popular Japanese company who deals in
assemble, design, manufacture, sales of passenger cars, commercial vehicles, minivans and
related accessories primarily in Japan , North America, Europe and Asia. Toyota Motor
Corporation is the most leading manufacture and the eighth largest enterprises in the world and
deals world wide in high quality goods and services to their potential customers. This report
contents the study about different organisational structure and culture, the relationship among
organisational structure and culture or their performance on organisational performance.
Compare the effectiveness of various leadership styles, different ways through which
organisation can motivate their employees at work place and the behaviour of group and its
important will also be discussed in detailed manner.
TASK 1
1.1 Compare the different organisational structure and culture
Organisational structure and culture plays most important role in attaining high
competitive advantage at market place. In today's modern world competition is so high and each
business firm is focused on giving high competition to their competitors through offering high
quality products and services. Toyota Motor Corporation is the worlds most leading auto mobile
manufacturing company, the company is using effective organisational structure in order to
support organisational goals and objectives. Ford Motor Company is the biggest competitor of
Toyota Motor Corporation, it is an American multinational auto-maker which headquartered in
Dearbon, Michigan a suburb of Detroit. The company deals in auto-mobile and Commercial
vehicle which exist under the Ford brand and also deals in luxury cars under the Lincoln brand
(Burnard and Bhamra, 2011). The company is also follows effective organisational culture and
structure in order to gaining desired goals and objectives in well planned manner.
Difference between organisational structure of Toyota Motor Corporation and Ford Company
are described as under:
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Basis Toyota Motor Corporation Ford Company
Product
based
This is the most important feature of
Toyota Organisational structure is the
combination of product based division.
Toyota has categorised among four
different parts such as Toyota No 1 for
conducting operations in North
America, Japan and Europe, Lexus
International, Toyota No 2 that is
important for operations in all other
regions and last one is Unit centre, that
is responsible for transmission of
various related operations (Coccia,
2014).
As a multinational brand Ford deals in
various products and focused on
providing high quality and satisfactory
services to their potential buyers. The
company Owns an 8 % stake In the
area of Aston Martin in United
Kingdom. The company deals in
luxury, SUV, cars and FPV products.
Geographical
division
The company has eight regional
division. Such as North America, Japan,
China, East Asia and Oceania, Europe,
Latin America, Asia and Middle East
and Africa. Each region provide
signifiant support to companies
headquarter in gaining high growth at
market place.
Ford has large geographic division
which are based on products. The
company categorised their business
operations into several religions such
as the Americans, Asia Pacific and
Europe Middle East and Africa.
Difference between organisational Culture:
Basis Toyota Motor Corporation Ford Company
Power culture Toyota is the most popular and leading
multinational company and deals in
variety of auto-mobile products. The
company has various departments in
which they assign some power to
Ford is an American multinational
company and focused on providing
high quality luxury auto-mobile
products to their potential buyers. As
a big corporation company divide
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department heads in order to taking
effective decision at work place.
their work within various departments
and give some power to their
department heads and manager to
taking significant decision for the
benefits of firm.
Task culture In this type of culture organisations and
its work are categorised as per the
requirement of task (Collings, Scullion
and Vaiman, 2011). Toyota assign
people on different task as per the skills
and knowledge of employees.
Ford has various departments in
which they hire people who are
having significant knowledge and
skills to perform any work or task that
are assigned by the form in order to
gaining high growth and success at
market place.
1.2 Relationship between organisation structure and culture impact on performance of business.
Organisational structure and culture are interlinked with each other and plays most
effective role in gaining high competitive advantage at market place. Toyota Motor Corporation
is the most powerful auto-mobile company and widely focused on capturing huge area at world
wide. The company is widely follows the structure of geographic Division in which firm divide
their functions among eight different regional areas. Each regional areas are focused on reporting
to their headquarter of company in order to carry out all business activities in right direction. The
regional division is effective in improving the performance of firm and the quality of products as
per the demand and condition of market. As a large business enterprises company is based on
different culture that are connected with organisational structure and plays vast role in
enhancing productivity of firm. Some effective culture of organisations are evaluated as under:
Power Culture : This can be considered as the essential task for each firm and within an
organisation managers and higher authorities are responsible for taking effective decision that are
beneficial for companies ultimate growth and success (Colquitt and et. al., 2011). Toyota is
concern on taking viewpoints of departments heads and managers for making significant
decision for company or its benefits.
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Task culture : This is also an important element which needs to be well managed in order
to transforming all data and information in various departments of firm. It is required for firm to
manage the flow of information at right place so that production and performance of employees
can be improved through proper direction of superiors. Toyota has various departments and
focused on establishing an effective communication channel among all department so that
information can be transfer in secure manner.
1.3 Factors which influence the behaviour of employees at work place.
The behaviour of employee is the most essential elements in an organisation as it is
required for organisation to analyse the behaviour of employees in order to make effective
change in their behaviour which has a huge impact of organisational performance. There are
various factors which mainly affect employees behaviour at Toyota Motor Corporation that are
described as below: Communication: This is an effective component within the firm as it is necessary for
organisation to establish an effective communication channel so that employees can
establish coordination with other in order to perform goals and task (Collings, Scullion
and Vaiman, 2011). This is most essential in encouraging employees for enhancing their
working ability through gaining proper instruction from the higher authority. Responsibilities: Organisation can apply this tool as the strength of company. Toyota has
various departments and assign responsibilities to the people who are having significant
skills to manage and leading the group or its activities in systematic manner. This helps
in motivating employees through providing them better opportunities in their career
goals.
 Leaders and manager: They plays vast role in motivating employees at work place
through analysing their performance. In Toyota Motor Corporation Human resource
manager are responsible for determine the performance of each employees in order to
assign right task as per the ability ans skills. They encourage their employees through
providing extra incentives, salary and other benefits.
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TAKS 2
2.1 The effectiveness of Different leadership styles between Toyota and Ford Motor company.
Leadership plays effective role in attaining high growth and success in this competitive
era. Autocratic leadership is also considered as authoritarian leadership style in which an
individual has a huge control on all business activities that are held at work place. In this type of
leadership style decision is taken as per the view point of individual there is less assessment of
followers. Democratic leadership style is also known as participative leadership style, it can be
considered as the type of management style in which organisational group and its members are
taking effective part in decision making process. In this employees and follower are widely give
their opinion and ideas for generating effective decision for achieving goals and objectives in
effective manner (Del Mar Alonso-Almeida and Rodríguez-Antón, 2011). As a large business
organisation Toyota Motor Corporation and Ford apply democratic leadership style because it is
hard for big firms to taking autocratic leadership style in proper action. Democratic leadership
style is more effective in carry out all business activities in proper and systematic direction. In
this modern scenario competition is so high so each business organisation is focused on
attaining competitive advantage at market place in order to providing high competition to their
competitors. The effectiveness of different leadership styles are described as under:
Basis Autocratic Democratic
Authority This is centralised in nature because
there is a huge control of an
individual on all business activities
This is decentralized in nature as each
department has manager or superior
who are responsible for all task which
are performed by group member.
Control High level of control on each task
and employees
Control in less as compare to
autocratic style.
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Suitability This is more suitable when
employees and followers are
uneducated and unskilled (Farndale,
Hope-Hailey and Kelliher, 2011). In
some areas Toyota select this style
for making effective decision.
This is widely appropriate when the
team members are highly qualified
and experienced. It is necessary for
Toyota to select this style for creating
beneficial decision for firm or its
growth.
2.2 Explain organisation theory underpins the practices of management
An organisational structure refers how various activities such as task allocation,
supervision and coordination are assisted towards attainment of organisational desired goals and
aims. Organisational theories are helpful in managing firms work in systematic manner as it
provide significant direction to implement firms activities in right direction so that goals can be
achieved in well planned way. There are various theories in which scientific management
theories plays vast role within organisation. This can be considered as the most effective theory
of management which helps in analyse and synthesizes workflow within an organisation. The
basic purpose of this theory is to improving economic efficiency and productivity of firm at
market place. It is one of the earliest attempts in order to apply the science to the engineering of
the processes and to the management (Fuchs and Edwards, 2012.). As a large business
organisation Toyota Motor Corporation widely apply scientific management theory in respect to
enhance their productivity and profitability through applying various suitable tools and
techniques at work place. The basic purpose of Toyota is to gaining attention of large number of
customers towards the offered products and services of firm. This theory widely helps in
providing significant direction to organisational employees in order to attaining high growth and
success at market place.
2.3 Different approaches of management used by organisation
There are various approaches that are applied by Ford Motors in order to managing
organisation word in systematic manner, in which some are evaluated as under:
Contingency Approach: This is the most significant approach of management which is
based on the theory that the effectiveness of management is contingent, or dependent upon the
interplay among the application of management behaviour and on any specific situation. This
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theory use all concept of management and theories with incorporated plans where it is required
for manager and higher authority to analysed that a single approach does not apply on each
situation (Hotho and Champion, 2011). Ford Motor widely apply this approach in order to work
in effective an efficient manner. The manager of firm is responsible for analysing the actual
situation which are needs to be resolved by firm in systematic manner.
Human relationship approach: This can be described as the most effective approach
with needs to be applied by firm in effective manner. Ford Motor is an American multinational
company and widely focused on establishing effective relationship with their customers in order
to sustain for long time. As a large corporation Ford concern maintain the relationship of
employees so that they can work with more coordination and achieve firms goals and objectives.
TASK 3
3.1 The impact of leadership styles that may have on motivation in Toyota Motors Corporation
In an organisation leaders and managers plays essential role in motivating employees for
contributing their best at work place for gaining high profit and growth at market place.
Leadership styles has a huge impact on organisational performance and productivity. As a large
business enterprises Toyota Motors Corporation use combination of leadership style in order to
encouraging employees at work place in order to generating high growth and profit at market
place. The impact of two leadership styles are described as below:
Basis Autocratic leadership style Democratic leadership style
Task
orientation
The basic purpose of each business
organisation is to completing the task
and duty which are assigned by firm
to their employees (Kazemipour and
Mohd Amin, 2012). This style of
leadership is task oriented and
focused on fulfilling the requirement
of task.
This leadership style is relationship
oriented and in this company is
focused on establishing effective
relationship with their employees and
customers in order to long run of
business activities.
Team
effectiveness
In this type of leadership style an
individual is responsible for all task
that are held at work place and
In this leadership style team member
are taking effective part in the process
of decision making and give their
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decision is created on the basis of the
opinion of leader. There is not any
interruption of followers
opinion and ideas for creating
effective decision.
3.2 The application of different motivational theories within Toyota Motors Corporation
The major purpose of each business organisation is to providing high quality products
and services to their potential buyers in order to satisfying their needs and wants. Motivational
theories are very much effective in encouraging employees at work place for contributing their
significant efforts for completion of organisational task. Maslow's need hierarchy theory and
Herzberg's two factor theory are considered as the most effective theory of motivation. The
comparison among these two theories are described as under:
Basis Maslow's need hierarchy theory Herzberg's two factor theory
Meaning It is the general theory of motivation
which states the needs and wants of
motivation factor with in the firm
(Pollack, Costello and Sankaran,
2013).
This theory consist on various
motivational factors that exist at work
place and cause satisfaction or
dissatisfaction among employees.
Type of
natures
This theory is descriptive in nature. This theory is prescriptive in nature.
Division Division is based on the needs of
growth and deficiency.
Division is based upon motivator and
hygiene factors.
As a large business enterprises Toyota Motors Corporation apply various motivational
theories in order to motivate their employees at work place. These two are more effective in
encouraging employees for enhancing their skills and knowledge of employees at work place.
3.3 The usefulness of any motivation theory for managers in relation to Toyota Motors
Corporation.
Toyota Motors Corporation is a multinational company who deals in auto-mobile goods
and services. The manager of firm plays most effective role in motivating staff members for
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effective work in order to attaining desired goals and objectives of firm. The organisation is
widely apply Maslow's motivational theory and it is useful for manager with in firm. Some
usefulness o9f this theory are evaluated as below: Encourages staff improvement: The manager of Toyota apply this theory to motivate
employees through offering various benefits and extra incentives. This is the best way to
encourage employees for improving their skills and working ability at work place
(Reissner, 2011).
 Achieve organisational goals: It is the best way to attaining desired goals and objectives
through motivating employees for contributing their best efforts at work place. This
theory helps in providing significant way to employees for moving forward towards right
direction.
TAKS 4
4.1 The nature of group and group behaviour within Toyota Motors Corporation.
In an organisation various type of groups are created on the basis of requirement of firm
or its activities. Toyota Motors Corporation deals in various departments and focused on making
groups in order to reducing work load and effectively completion of task which are assigned by
the firm in respect to attaining goals and objectives (.Suppiah and Singh Sandhu, 2011). Formal
and informal groups are created by firm in effective manner. Formal groups are generated by
company for the purpose of attaining a specific task and duty, on the other side informal groups
are created through the employees who are having similar set of interest and goals. The activity
of Toyota is based on formal groups as the company is creating formal groups in order to gaining
high efficiency and profitability for firm.
Tukman's stage of group development
This can be considered as the most essential model of team development and it involves
five essential stages, which are evaluated as under: Forming: This is the initial stage of team development, in this stage group needs to be
polite and positive in nature as the member of groups are busy in establishing
coordination with each other.
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 Storming: In this stage members of team are focused on finding out the important duty
and task which are needs to be performed by firm in respect to achieving goals (Teh and
Sun, 2012). Norming: In this team leader provide their acceptance on various norms of team
development. Performing: In this stage plans are prepared on the basis of mutual understanding of
employees.
 Adjourning: This stage helps in determining the behaviour of each individual towards
their work and motivate employees for attaining growth and success at work place.
4.2 The factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective team work.
There are various factors that helps in promote effective team development in which
some are evaluated as under: Group Size: It is the effective element in promoting team work at work place. As per the
size if group task are assigned to the people and work can be attained in given period of
time. Group knowledge: Toyota is focused on recruiting well experienced people at work place
who are having the ability to perform organisational work in effective and efficient
manner (Umphress, Bingham and Mitchell, 2010). The collective knowledge of group
helps in accomplishing goals and objectives of firm.
 Skills and ability: Toyota Motors has various departments in which they create group as
per the similar skills and ability of employees in order to attaining some common goals
and objectivists.
4.3 The impact of technology on team functioning within Toyota Motor Corporation.
In this competitive era each business firm is focused on implementing various innovative
tools and techniques at work place. Technologies has a huge impact on organisational
performance as well as productivity. Some essential impact are described as under: Work process can be enhanced: Toyota Motors is concern on applying most suitable
technology at work place in order to developing employees ability and skills for
performing task. Through effective tools organisation can enhance their work process in
respect to attaining higher goals (Wood and et. al., 2016).
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 Training of staff: It is required for company to provide proper training and development
session to their existing as well as new employees in order to providing proper
knowledge about managing new and innovative machines at work place.
 Team communication: Tools and technologies plays significant part in establishing
effective communication channel among employees so that they can work with more
coordination.
CONCLUSION
As per the above mentioned report it has been concluded that organisational behaviour is
a process in which distinguishing, recognising, describing and predicting the behaviour of
employees towards any kind of activity or task that are assigned by company to fulfilling some
common purpose and targets. In recognising employees behaviour manager and higher authority
plays most significant role within an organisation. It is essential for manager or top management
to analyse the behaviour of employees in order to dealing with them in effective manner.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Burnard, K. and Bhamra, R., 2011. Organisational resilience: development of a conceptual
framework for organisational responses. International Journal of Production Research.
49(18). pp.5581-5599.
Coccia, M., 2014. Structure and organisational behaviour of public research institutions under
unstable growth of human resources. International Journal of Services Technology and
Management. 20(4-6). pp.251-266.
Collings, D. G., Scullion, H. and Vaiman, V., 2011. European perspectives on talent
management. European Journal of International Management. 5(5). pp.453-462.
Del Mar Alonso-Almeida, M. and Rodríguez-Antón, J. M., 2011. Organisational behaviour and
strategies in the adoption of certified management systems: an analysis of the Spanish
hotel industry. Journal of Cleaner Production. 19(13). pp.1455-1463.
Farndale, E., Hope-Hailey, V. and Kelliher, C., 2011. High commitment performance
management: The roles of justice and trust. Personnel Review. 40(1). pp.5-23.
Fuchs, S. and Edwards, M. R., 2012. Predicting pro‐change behaviour: The role of perceived
organisational justice and organisational identification. Human Resource Management
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Hotho, S. and Champion, K., 2011. Small businesses in the new creative industries: innovation
as a people management challenge. Management Decision. 49(1). pp.29-54.
Kazemipour, F. and Mohd Amin, S., 2012. The impact of workplace spirituality dimensions on
organisational citizenship behaviour among nurses with the mediating effect of affective
organisational commitment. Journal of nursing management. 20(8). pp.1039-1048.
Pollack, J., Costello, K. and Sankaran, S., 2013. Applying Actor–Network Theory as a
sensemaking framework for complex organisational change programs. International
Journal of Project Management. 31(8). pp.1118-1128.
Reissner, S.C., 2011. Patterns of stories of organisational change. Journal of Organizational
Change Management. 24(5). pp.593-609.
Suppiah, V. and Singh Sandhu, M., 2011. Organisational culture's influence on tacit knowledge-
sharing behaviour. Journal of knowledge management. 15(3). pp.462-477.
Teh, P. L. and Sun, H., 2012. Knowledge sharing, job attitudes and organisational citizenship
behaviour. Industrial Management & Data Systems. 112(1). pp.64-82.
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Umphress, E.E., Bingham, J.B. and Mitchell, M.S., 2010. Unethical behavior in the name of the
company: the moderating effect of organizational identification and positive reciprocity
beliefs on unethical pro-organizational behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology. 95(4).
pp .769.
Wood, J. M. and et. al., 2016. Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications. John
Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
Online
Motivational Theories. 2017. [Online]. Available through: <https://contactzilla.com/blog/5-
psychological-theories-motivation-increase-productivity/>.
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