Research in Nursing

This article explores the field of nursing research and focuses on a systematic review and meta-analysis article. It discusses the use of Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) tool for analysis and evaluation. The methodology and methods used in the research are justified and their strengths and weaknesses are discussed. The strengths and weaknesses of primary and secondary research are also examined.

Research in Nursing

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Analyse and critically Review using the appropriate Critical Appraisals Skills Program
(CASP) tool............................................................................................................................3
Argue and Justify whether the methodology and methods are appropriate to address the
research problem....................................................................................................................5
Discuss and justify the strengths and weaknesses using relevant supporting evidence.........7
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS OF PRIMARY RESEARCH: .......................................7
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF SECONDARY MARKET RESEARCH:...........8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Research is a phenomena that revolves around making a systematic inquiries and
gathering information, documenting the information and properly analysing as well as
interpreting in order to reach to certain evident conclusions. Researching requires skills in order
to make sure of collection of enough and reliable data to support the work presented and
addressing the issued or problems for which research is being organised. The present work is on
Researching in Nursing field, where an article is reviewed that is “Dual Anitplatelet Therapy
before Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting- a systematic review and and Meta-Analysis”. This
article will be reviewed using a Critical Appraisals Skills Program (CASP). Moving along in the
report the tools used by the researcher for conducting the research and present effective
evidences are examined and their appropriateness is elaborated in the report. Moreover, lastly,
strengths and weaknesses of the methods used and processes by which the whole research is
made and the article is represented.
MAIN BODY
Analyse and critically Review using the appropriate Critical Appraisals Skills Program (CASP)
tool.
The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) is a tool helps in developing an
evidence based approach in health and social care, working with local, national and international
groups. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) aims to help individuals or researchers or
investigator to develop skills to find appropriate and valuable evidences which are also sensible
and valid. This tool allows the researcher and helps them to apply evidence in practice and take
practices which are highly beneficial for them to collect and accumulate most appropriate
information in relation to the research they are being conducting.
Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) has different checklists which are used
according to the research processes and phenomena's the researcher uses. In the chosen article
that is “Dual Anitplatelet Therapy before Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting- a systematic review
and and Meta-Analysis” the researcher have conducted primary and secondary research both
with the help of systematic review, google articles and journals and bibliography analysis. The
checklist of Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) applicable here the CASP Systematic
Review Checklist.

According to the checklist, the first aspects to review is the paper being addressing a clear
and focused question and as per the information provided, the research article is being providing
the appropriate results with using 41 articles and the end results that is meta analysis involves
conclusions and information provided from 15 articles. Hence, it is clearly presenting that the
review is being critically presented the conclusions made are appropriate and evidenced through
number of articles and point of views of different authors.
The next requirement of the checklist is related to the view point of the author that is the
researcher and the articles being used as well as their appropriateness. This section will be
overlooking at study design of the article in which it is clearly mentioned that the presented meta
analysis and information from separate studies which are examining DAPT and concludes it by
appraising DAPT with aspirin and clopidogrel.
The next aspects of the checklist is revolving around the studies used and their relevance to
the work being completed. As per the requirements of the research review article and mentioned
above there are around 41 articles used for the paper to be completely examined and analysed in the
most appropriate manner possible. In this research there are 41 articles used and 15 of them were
used for presenting evidence. All these articles are cited and referred properly at the end of the paper
and where the factual data is placed.
The fourth checkpoint of the review is related to the accessing and examining skills of
authors in regards to reviews they have been making and conclusions being placed in the paper.
Hence, as per the conclusions made and the research conducted is on qualitative basis which clarified
the detailed analysis and collection of information form varied sources while making in-depth
examination of different facts and concepts. The research paper includes a detailed records and
information from the sources named EndNote which is a software that is helpful in removing any
form of copied or duplicated work. The software is useful enough to remove any duplication of work
which is proven where around work of 41 authors are used and all are screened and the end evidence
showed that all these results are purely individual and almost 4000 non duplicated records are placed
with 41 screened articles and work of different authors.
The next checkpoint in the list is of combining the results and appropriateness to do so, thus,
as per the work presented at the end of the articles only 15 authors and their work is used for making
conclusion with effective evidences. Hence, in this research paper 4 randomized clinical and
medical traits, 6 retrospective cohort and 5 prospective cohort studies papers are used for making
meta analysation and supporting the facts. Thus, these facts and figures of all these articles are

combined together but the researcher made sure of making their judgement separately presented
and placed. Hence, for making the quality of paper better and improvise and placing more
realistic studies, the research was carried forward and the total number of patients 8029 were
considered for collecting more data and making the study more elaborative and considerate in
relation to the evidences. A qualitative method of review is been used and validated by
depending upon its end results which are extracted at the end where review is being placed. The
research project concludes with enough data and results that DAPT with Aspirin and clopidogrel
provided before CABG to patience with ACS leads to renal failure. As well as MI and other
cardiac events are also do not have any influence on mortality rate and its increments, hence with
the analysis it is determined that DAPT should not be disconnected.
Moving along in the checklist the area concerned is the results and analysis presented and
these results are helpful for making analysis and conclusions. The results of provided review are
precise and accurate where once the initial screening is completed, report included studies of 41
articles and ultimately data of 15 studies were used in meta analysis and making conclusions. In
concern with the use of data in helping locals and it is clear that this checklist is properly met as
the work conducted in the report and the facts presented took realistic examples in relation to all
the concerned people and population and various practices which are helpful for the research are
used and conducted. By analysing the report, it is also extracted that all important outcomes are
identified and acknowledged and were been considered appropriately. The paper is been
highlighting the outcomes of mortality rate, MI, CVA, re-operation, renal failure, re-exploration
and many more.
Argue and Justify whether the methodology and methods are appropriate to address the research
problem.
The research topic is “Dual Anitplatelet Therapy before Coronary Artery Bypass
Grafting- a systematic review and and Meta-Analysis”. The work performed in the article is with
the help of systematic review research as a tool to gather and analyse the data presented and to
make appropriate conclusions. The aim behind making use of systematic review system for
collecting evidence is to provide answers to the respective research topic and the problem
addressed through research.
The systematic review is a presentation and examination of precisely formulated
questions which are formed with reproducible methods with the motive of making critical

analysis, identify and appraise all the collected data and review them properly. There are two
forms of Systematic review systems Quantitative where numerical data is examined and
Qualitative in which information is extracted from, interviews, observations or verbal
interactions as well. This review system focuses on interpretation of the participants.
Another tool used in the article to collect and examine appropriate information is Google
and Google Scholar. This is a form of collecting secondary data that is gathering information
which already exists and which the user needs to sort out as per their requirements and as per
their understandings. The secondary source of data collection and evaluation is an easy task to
perform and it consumes less time of the investigator. In the research regarding Dual Antiplatelet
Therapy before Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, the secondary research that is google and
google scholar is used to perform literature review and undertake the examination of the opinions
of several authors.
The next and the last research method which is used in the research article for completing
the investigation and collecting effective evidences to present the arguments appropriately is
Screening of Bibliography of original and review articles that means of those by which literature
review is completed. A bibliography is a list of all the resources used by the researcher for
completing their research study and referring their arguments. The bibliography includes the
name of the author and the title of the work conducted and the date that is the year in which the
article is being published. In the same manner screening of bibliography is a research process in
which all the articles which are used for review and making end conclusions on the report are
then examined and elaborated about what exactly they showcases and how it supports the
research in making justifications.
The three tools that are systematic review system, Screening of Bibliography and
secondary sources that is Goggle and Google Scholar. The sources and tools are including of
primary and secondary research techniques and tools which are used for making effective
evaluation and considerations for the research. The primary tool of research that is systematic
review system helps the researcher in conducting the study with both numerical and statistical
presentation. This is a effective research methodology for the research as evaluative tables,
graphs and flow diagrams are made. These number and figures offered a clear and factual
argument in support of the analysis made by the researcher.

The literature review that is examining the articles from google and google scholar is a
source which offers the investigator a strong tool to gather knowledge of those who have enough
knowledge in the field and have made their examination critically and provided their opinions
through the resources. The methodology of reviewing the opinions of different authors and
making dissect of their work first enable the investigator a strong information of the field and
then make discussion in regards to the figures and numerical data collected. The use of
secondary and primary data assisted the researcher to seek the evidences for all the research and
supporting all the data by one another. This means by using the literature review the person
conducting research recognises and understands the theoretical knowledge and then make
analysis of the numbers gathered through quantitative methodology in order to be more
analytical and critical while reaching to a conclusion and summarising their understanding
through it.
Finally, bibliography is screened through which the sources and authentic data is
collected for completing the research and making appropriate conclusion by presenting all the
facts and data for supporting the secondary data used for justifying the figures and primary
collection of information through statistical presentation.
Discuss and justify the strengths and weaknesses using relevant supporting evidence.
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESS OF PRIMARY RESEARCH:
The major aspects that can state the forms of investigation adopted by researcher in order
to conduct meta analysis is which establishment & determination of direct relation with the
number of participants that assist in better implementation and extraction of materialistic facts by
them. Along with this, other strength of primary research is it is more valid as well as appropriate
due to which effective conclusion is drawn. The investigation can be focused as it involves in
depth description of research. It is determined that the information gather through primary
sources is fluctuating and its scope is limited as well. Moreover, it is stated that the meta analysis
is time consuming procedure for the small scale enterprise. Conducting the primary investigation
occurs high cost to researcher and also take time due to which sometimes objectives is not
attained within set time period. In the last, analysis of primary data might not result into valid
conclusion as it is based on the perception of people that is changing by the time.

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF SECONDARY MARKET RESEARCH:
One of the major strength which is supportive of secondary research used by the
author or researcher in the paper is, it help the investigator to save huge cost in comparison
to primary research. Another strength of secondary research is it enable researcher to
avoid direct interactions with targeted population which may increase chances to avoid
unproductive activities and dimensions.
In weakness, there is significant factor that can be considered as the weakness
hence used by number of researchers or authors of meta analysation is that data is been
estimated and extracted on the basis of previous or last researches and within information
which perhaps out dated or expired. As new interventions arise on the daily basis and the
estimation of data depends on the current position and situations.
CONCLUSION
In this research with the critical analysis and evaluation it is concludes that the paper
which was being reviewed with research tools of meta analysis is been examined by a
checklist of Critical Appraisals Skills Program (CASP). It is clearly examined that the
represented paper and the work in the paper can be easily passed and this is clearly placed
through the use of checklists. At the end of the research the strengths and weaknesses of the
research methods used that are primary and secondary both are showcased and very well
presented.

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