Research Methods

This article discusses the key elements of research design and explores the effectiveness of work-home culture on employee well-being and performance. It examines the direct relationship between work home culture and the role of managerial support. The article also delves into the sex differences in the relationship between work home culture. Additionally, it proposes an alternative research method.

Research Methods

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Critical analysis................................................................................................................................1
Critical analysis of key elements of research design..............................................................1
(ii) Proposed alternative.........................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
The research article is study to determine how work-home culture influences employee well-
being whether exits of sex differences in the relationship between one or more variables. The
article will describe about the test model, which may be used to mix of mediated or moderated
relationship.
The current aspects of article is all about the relationship between employees in both
indirect as well as direct regarding homework culture. It is considered as important factor that
enhance the overall employee relation within organization. However, it is representing the public
sector staff member in UK whereas supporting the work home culture.
Investigator is concerned about the both indirect and direct routes by work home culture
but sometimes, it directly affecting the staff member well-being.
In this research study, participants in the study were drawn from local
government in South England. Survey will be conducting on regular basis and participants of
different employees. It makes clear in all review about the work-home research methods, studies
of interference and focus on both young children and parents. the article will be demonstrating
the different effects for women or men on the basis of managerial support and directly impact on
women well-being.
In this research study, it has undertaken quantitative research method for gathering or
collecting relevant information about work home culture or environment. This type of
quantitative method is based on the numerical value which always support for generating
accurate result or outcome. In this article, it will be focused on using SPSS software for
collecting numerical data from parents and young children.
Critical analysis
Quantitative research
In the context of organizational employees’ wellbeing it can be said that it is an ability of
an organization to maintain their employees’ physical and psychological well-being at all levels.
It helps them, out in increasing staff retention rate and also improves productivity (Paz,
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Fernandes and Melo, 2020). Organizational cultures that support their employee’s efforts and
allow them to enjoy or maintain a balance between their personal and professional life are more
likely to have loyal and skilled workforce.
Direct relationship between work home cultures
A supportive work home culture increases loyalty among employees especially in women
workers because they find problems in maintaining a balance between their personal life with
professional as taking care of family, children and others.
Relationship between managerial support and employee strain
In the context of managerial support and employees strain it can be said that when
employers provide this flexibility and work home culture to employees then it reduces their
strain at workplace. Employees can find easier in focusing on their work. They are likely to help
company in accomplishing their goals. So, it can be said that there is a string relationship
between managerial support and employees strain.
Selection of research design plays an important role for accomplishing goals and for this
study it is important for researcher to find out direct as well as indirect relationship of
organizational work-home culture and their effects of performance of employees. There are
mainly 2 types of research types of design such as qualitative and quantitative. In qualitative
research types, researcher focuses on gathering information in the form of non numerical or
words form (Park, J. and Park, 2016). On the other hand, in quantitative research type of design,
scholar focuses on gathering information in numerical or numbers form as how many people
agree on effectiveness of work home organizational culture or how many people believe that it is
not effective as it may create some problems. This article focuses on collecting data in both
forms but mainly focuses on quantitative research and also use SPSS model for data analysis in
order to meet all goals via all numerical data or majority of answers by participants. But on the
other hand, (Mittal and Bienstock, 2019) stated and argued that if researcher focuses on
qualitative research or qualitative data analysis then they are more likely to get effective
outcomes and answers in an effective manner in the form of non numerical form. So, it can be
said that both qualitative and quantitative research plays an important role but still effectiveness
and the decision of selection of research design mainly depends upon the subject type or the
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main research topic (Paz, Fernandes and Melo, 2020). So, it can be said that different authors
think differently in the context of research design or methodology as some believes that by
making use of qualitative research design and collecting data in non numerical form, researcher
can accomplish goals in an effective manner because in this type, researcher can know that what
people think about the research topic and why they think so. Whereas, some believes that
quantitative is better than qualitative.
Effectiveness of work home culture and employees’ well being on performance of
employees
In this article it is found that organizational work home culture plays an important role and
in this context some employees have stated that they become more loyal towards those
companies who are concerned with their issues and needs and supportive of family leave
policies.
Measurement models (hypotheses tests)
As per the (Medina-Garrido and et.al., 2017) conceptual model of work family interface,
supportive behaviours from management are more likely to decrease interference contributes in
order to lower levels of family related dissatisfaction. Organizational work–home culture was
measured by using Thompson, Beauvais and Lyness’s three-component scale in this article.
Before making use of hypothesis test in order to meet the main aim of effectiveness of home
work organizational culture a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. It can help researcher
in examining distinctiveness of measures used in the study. In this article from results which was
in the form of numbers of numerical form, it is found that men reported significantly higher
levels of organizational time demands as well as negative career consequences than women (Paz,
Fernandes and Melo, 2020). All over it is found in this quantitative research study of article that
the relationship between work interference with home and employee strain was weaker in the
presence of high levels of managerial support. Or employees believe that if employers focuses
and show concern to their personal needs then it can increase their confidence and concentration
level. It is beneficial for both employees and employers as it can improve performance and
overall productivity.
Sex Differences in the relationship between work home culture
In addition, for more supporting this quantitative research, (Tawfik and et.al., 2019) stated
that interference between work and home as a mediator of the potential relationship between
3

work-home culture and employee well-being. There is a indirect relationship between supervisor
work-home support and employees’ somatic complaints. So, overall it can be said that the more
supportive the supervision and employers are supportive the supervision. All these affect
performances of employees and relation of employees and employers in appositive and effective
manner. As per the gender role theory, social pressure encourages people to behave according to
their choice and their expectations about their sex. Primary responsibility and domain for men as
per social pressure is work and for women is home so, by giving this opportunities to both,
especially women can manage both their personal and professional life (Direct and Indirect Link
between organizational work home culture and employee wellbeing, 2020).
An effective and improved relationship between employees and employers also lead to
fewer somatic complaints like insomnia, headache and others, Motivated employees are more
likely to remain fresh and energetic at workplace which in turn increase their confidence because
it leads to fewer errors.
Limitation and future research (cross sectional and longitudinal research design)
On the basis of above discussion and research design it can be said that by making use of cross
sectional research design, researcher can accomplish goals in an effective manner. Because the
respondent sample was composed entirely of public sector employees. In cross sectional research
design, researcher can measure outcomes as well as exposure in the study participants at the
same time. In addition it can also be suggested that for future research, researcher can employ a
longitudinal design which would be better placed to assess issues of directionality
4

Critical analysis of key elements of research design
In the context of organizational employees’ wellbeing it can be said that it is an ability of an
organization to maintain their employees’ physical and psychological well-being at all
levels. It helps them, out in increasing staff retention rate and also improves productivity
(Paz, Fernandes and Melo, 2020). Organizational cultures that support their employee’s
efforts and allow them to enjoy or maintain a balance between their personal and
professional life are more likely to have loyal and skilled workforce.
Direct relationship between work home culture
A supportive work home culture increases loyalty among employees especially in women
workers because they find problems in maintaining a balance between their personal life
with professional as taking care of family, children and others.
5

Selection of research design plays an important role for accomplishing goals and for this study it
is important for researcher to find out direct as well as indirect relationship of organizational
work-home culture and their effects of performance of employees. There are mainly 2 types
of research types of design such as qualitative and quantitative. In qualitative research types,
researcher focuses on gathering information in the form of non numerical or words form
(Park, J. and Park, 2016). On the other hand, in quantitative research type of design, scholar
focuses on gathering information in numerical or numbers form as how many people agree
on effectiveness of work home organizational culture or how many people believe that it is
not effective as it may create some problems. This article focuses on collecting data in both
forms but mainly focuses on quantitative research and also use SPSS model for data analysis
in order to meet all goals via all numerical data or majority of answers by participants. But
on the other hand, (Mittal and Bienstock, 2019) stated and argued that if researcher focuses
on qualitative research or qualitative data analysis then they are more likely to get effective
outcomes and answers in an effective manner in the form of non numerical form. So, it can
be said that both qualitative and quantitative research plays an important role but still
effectiveness and the decision of selection of research design mainly depends upon the
subject type or the main research topic (Paz, Fernandes and Melo, 2020). So, it can be said
that different authors think differently in the context of research design or methodology as
some believes that by making use of qualitative research design and collecting data in non
numerical form, researcher can accomplish goals in an effective manner because in this type,
researcher can know that what people think about the research topic and why they think so.
Whereas, some believes that quantitative is better than qualitative.
Effectiveness of work home culture and employees’ well being on performance of employees
6

In this article it is found that organizational work home culture plays an important role and in
this context some employees have stated that they become more loyal towards those
companies who are concerned with their issues and needs and supportive of family leave
policies. As per the (Medina-Garrido and et.al., 2017) conceptual model of work family
interface, supportive behaviours from management are more likely to decrease interference
contributes in order to lower levels of family related dissatisfaction. Organizational work–
home culture was measured by using Thompson, Beauvais and Lyness’s three-component
scale in this article. Before making use of hypothesis test in order to meet the main aim of
effectiveness of home work organizational culture a confirmatory factor analysis was
conducted. It can help researcher in examining distinctiveness of measures used in the study.
In this article from results which was in the form of numbers of numerical form, it is found
that men reported significantly higher levels of organizational time demands as well as
negative career consequences than women (Paz, Fernandes and Melo, 2020). All over it is
found in this quantitative research study of article that the relationship between work
interference with home and employee strain was weaker in the presence of high levels of
managerial support. Or employees believe that if employers focuses and show concern to
their personal needs then it can increase their confidence and concentration level. It is
beneficial for both employees and employers as it can improve performance and overall
productivity.
Sex Differences in the relationship between work home culture
In addition, for more supporting this quantitative research, (Tawfik and et.al., 2019) stated
that interference between work and home as a mediator of the potential relationship between
work-home culture and employee well-being. There is a indirect relationship between supervisor
work-home support and employees’ somatic complaints. So, overall it can be said that the more
7

supportive the supervision and employers are supportive the supervision. All these affect
performancethese affect performances of employees and relation of employees and employers in
appositive and effective manner. As per the gender role theory, social pressure encourages
people to behave according to their choice and their expectations about their sex. Primary
responsibility and domain for men as per social pressure is work and for women is home so, by
giving this opportunities to both, especially women can manage both their personal and
professional life (Direct and Indirect Link between organizational work home culture and
employee wellbeing, 2020).
An effective and improved relationship between employees and employers also lead to
fewer somatic complaints like insomnia, headache and others, Motivated employees are more
likely to remain fresh and energetic at workplace which in turn increase their confidence because
it leads to fewer errors.
(ii) Proposed alternative
In this article, it has been used the quantitative research in which test series of hypotheses to
investigate about the routes by which work home culture. The article is
demonstratedemonstrating with thinking about the research, which as being consider alternative
qualitative method improve the quality and experience. Encouraging qualitative method for
replacing the confused terminology, distinguish between reasoning as research method (Kim and
Beehr, 2020).
The argument between qualitative and quantitative method
The argument between the both qualitative and quantitative method, this article has already
used quantitative method for gathering large amount of data through SPSS model. But
investigator is mainly concerned about the qualitative method because they can identify opinion
of experience employee regarding work home culture (Ilies and Goh, 2020). It is completely
dependent on the observation to enhance the importance of qualitative method design into
research analysis.
Evidence presented in order to support the argument, when using Qualitative method in the
scientific research. It can be divided into different categories such as reasoning as well as
observation. When investigator use alternative qualitative method in this article, it can be
identified the staff member and their work home culture, largely, indirectly or directly related to
the strain.
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Investigator has been acceptable the alternative qualitative research seeks to identify the
specific problem within topic from perspective of other population those involved in research.
Paz, Fernandes and Melo (2020) The researcher argue with other participant in order to
approach qualitative research method for representing the complex description about individual
experience . At some point, it provide information about the women employee where they
influencing towards work from culture. By using alternative qualitative method, it often
contradictory behaviour, emotions, opinion and relationship of employees.
Anything that is related to quantitative can be assigned the effective numerical values,
another way, Qualitative can be considered the intangible factors in this study on the basis of
gender roles, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and standard or norms.
Alternative qualitative research method applicable
On the basis of argument, it become easier for manipulated the data through alternative
option (Koon and Ho, 2020). It help for achieving greater insight into the specific meaning of
information or data. When used qualitative methods as alternative way to interpret and
understand the complex reality of particular situation or implication of quantitative data.
Although finding from qualitative data which often extended to employee with characteristics
similar in the study of population. The alternative option is the best way to gain complex or rich
understanding within social phenomena. In this sense, qualitative method is slightly different
from other scientific research study.
In additional, it is supporting the qualitative research when investigator select alternative
option to gain more information or data. Although finding from qualitative data or information
which often be extended to characteristics those in the research study population (Büchler, ter
Hoeven and van Zoonen, 2020).
The recognise the alternative option even simple act of categorising can be viewed as
quantitative. For instance, it can predict the involvement of participants and relevant information
regarding work-home culture. In context of women perspective, it has identified the effective
relationship with regards to organizational time demand and home interface with work. Through
qualitative research method, it stated that interface between work and home, consider as suitable
mediator of potential relationship between work and home. Sometimes, it is indicating the
relation between supervisors of work home support (Paz, Fernandes and Melo, 2020). On the
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basis of discussion, it has summarised about the concept of alternative qualitative method for
gaining more relevant information about the research study.
Consider similarity between research methodologies
Paz, Fernandes and Melo (2020) -say that different research methods are considered as
similar way. The intense of alternative method such as qualitative. It can be adopted the greater
spontaneity and adaption of interaction between participants or researcher. With qualitative, it
has formal way to give more response towards relationship between employee wellbeing and
their work home environment. In this way, it become easier for increasing great opportunity to
respond more elaborately and define the description information about the work home culture
through pre-existing the theories. It always support for more elaborately and integrate with full
details. Typically, in case with qualitative method for elaborately and greater detail than in case
of quantitative method.
Although alternative qualitative method that mutually exclusive and their approach to
decipher the involvement of various research technique. Thus, separate the skill sets and intend
to focus on the concept of women experienced. In this article, investigator has been chosen the
effective amount of information through resources theory (Wu, Gao and Yuan, 2020). In order to
identify the interference between work and home result in stress, otherwise, it has been increased
the lost in process while balancing demand of different domains. In this way, it will be using
qualitative method to represent interference that shows to increase when staff member
perceiveperceives that their own staff members and other superiors.
CONCLUSION
One of my first thoughts upon being asked to visit the article, reflecting upon how much
investigator has been completed the design research process as research methodology. So ,So, I
have been expressed own belief, thoughts and idea about the study to determine work home
culture which may include staff member well-being manner whether they have increased sex
differences exist inexist in the relationship between different variables.
Here, I am reflecting the importance of Cross sectional design process but it does not allow
for representing the conclusion in term of causality. Afterwards, it is possible way to determine
experience of employee of work home interference. On the other hand, I have used the
quantitative research methodology for identifying accurate result or outcome. I have drawn the
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own idea about the current research study and considered quantitative research methodology.
When I have been identified the research problem or issue that directly affecting on the staff
member well-being.
According to me, it can be used the research design as and qualitative methodology which
plays important role for accomplishing the specific goal and objective. Because it help for
expressing the overview about the entire demand of article. Sometimes, given a specific
solutions.
Through article, I have focused on quantitative research method to collect large amount of
information. I have believed that research design process considerconsiders as numerical values
for generating accurate result or outcome. I have been focused on the collecting both form but
concern about the quantitative research and use SPSS model for data analysis. I have realised the
significance of research design process through numerical data.
In context of methodological aspects, I have been understandunderstanding the importance
of quantitative methodology which become fit for good quality management. I have found that
research method identifyidentifies the quantify opinion, variables, attitudes and behaviour.
However, I have been collected the accurate data and also calculating into significant ways.
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REFERENCES
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work: How and for whom is constant connectivity related to employee well-
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Ilies, R., Ju, H. and Goh, Z., 2020. Emotional resources link work demands and experiences to
family functioning and employee well-being: the emotional resource possession scale
(ERPS). European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. pp.1-16.
Kim, M. and Beehr, T.A., 2020. The long reach of the leader: Can empowering leadership at
work result in enriched home lives?. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology.
Koon, V.Y. and Ho, T.S., 2020. Authentic leadership and employee engagement: The role of
employee well-being. Human Systems Management, (Preprint). pp.1-12.
Medina-Garrido, J.A. and et.al., 2017. Relationship between work-family balance, employee
well-being and job performance. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración.
Mittal, R. and Bienstock, J.E., 2019. Transformational leadership and polychronicity as
antecedents of work-home boundaries. Management Resear
Park, J. and Park, M., 2016. Qualitative versus quantitative research methods: Discovery or
justification?. Journal of Marketing Thought.3(1). pp.1-8.
Paz, M.G., Fernandes, S.R. and Melo, E.A., 2020. Personal organizational well-being and quality
of organizational life: the mediating role of organizational culture. RAM. Revista de
Administração Mackenzie. 21(1).
Tawfik, D.S. and et.al., 2019. Organizational factors affecting physician well-being. Current
treatment options in pediatrics. 5(1). pp.11-25.
Wu, T.J., Gao, J.Y. and Yuan, K.S., 2020. Exploring Links between Polychronicity and Job
Performance from the Person–Environment Fit Perspective—The Mediating Role of
Well-Being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17(10).
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ONLINE
Direct and Indirect Link between organizational work home culture and employee wellbeing.
2020. Online Available through: <
http://202.129.210.58/projectfiles/internal_cust_document/j_1600661139.pdf>
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