Analysis of Business and Management Studies

The provided document is an academic assignment that covers multiple research papers and articles related to business and management studies. It includes studies on firm size and profitability, working capital management, natural advantage, global economic crisis impact on SMEs, benefit corporations, tuberculosis diagnostics, brand rivalry, plug-in electric vehicles, and automotive industry factors. The assignment requires a suitable title, meta title with the prefix [SOLVED], and meta description for SEO, along with a summary that highlights specific details and information about the assignment.

Research Project

Executive summary
The potential purpose of this research is to provide appropriate detail on a professional
project that aim at investigating the influence of sale on the profitability of company which is
then explained with the support of research questions. The present investigation work is based on
a management research in which the potential influence of organisational sales in the growth and
development of organisations. In the present investigation work qualitative investigation will be
applicable in creating a theoretical framework that signifies the research issue with the support of
suitable facts or figures. In this inductive approach will be taken place to detailed analysis of the
qualitative investigation. Along with this primary and secondary sources will apply in the
accumulation of relevant information. Data collected through the companies’ websites to analyse
the links between sustainability reports, industry and market performance. The results is that
sustainability reports have effective relationships with industry and market perception. This
study concludes that sales is effective for the growth and development of organisations.

Table of Contents
Executive summary..........................................................................................................................2
TITLE:.............................................................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Literature Review.............................................................................................................................5
Research Methodology....................................................................................................................8
Finding and Analysis.....................................................................................................................10
Discussion......................................................................................................................................18
Conclusion and Recommendation.................................................................................................20
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................22

TITLE:
“To identify the impact of sale on profitability of company. A case study on Ford Motor,
Rolls Royce and Jaguar Land rover limited Company of Australia”.
Introduction
Overview of the Research
Sales and marketing is the fundamental core in the growth and development of an
organisation name or increase their profits. Marketing and sales are the two different aspect that
are interconnected with each other and plays vast role in development of organisational operation
at wide scale (Niresh & Thirunavukkarasu, 2014). In today's modern business environment
competition is so high at market place and the major focused area of a small as well as large
business enterprises is to attaining higher growth and profitability through increasing the sales
and operations of the firm at global level. High sales cause higher profitability of the firm, as
marketing or sales has a positive or direct influence on the development of growth of the firm.
Ford Motor Australia, Rolls-Royce and jaguar land rover is the selected organisations f or this
particular project (Lee, 2011). The company is known by its trading name Ford Australia. It is a
auto maker company and widely concern on enhancing its profitability by developing sales or
revenue of the firm.
Background of the Research
In today's modern business environment, profitability is referring as the key consideration
of an organisation or its management. Increasing sales of an organisation cause higher
profitability and growth. Ford Australia is a large auto maker company. It is the Australian
subsidiary of United States based auto-maker Ford Motor company. The company was
established by the potential efforts of Henry Ford, in the year of 1925, within Geelong, Victoria
as an outpost of Ford Motor Company of Canada, Limited. The headquarter of the firm is in
Campbell-field, Australia. The company majorly operates in variety auto motive products and
significantly concern on enhancing its sales and revenue by developing more attractive or
innovative products for customers (Lunardi, Becker, Maçada & Dolci, 2014). The major focused
area of Ford Motors Australia is to developing its manufacturing for the purpose of increasing
sales and revenue at global level. Positive financial development is a challenge for the
management of every company. Rolls-Royce Limited is an original organisation that is
1

established in the year of 1971. Rolls-Royce Limited, now renamed Rolls-Royce Plc. It
incorporated Rolls-Royce Motors to own its car division in 1973 and then sold it to Vickers in
the year of 1980. The company is also having its global operations and widely concern on
enhancing its sales and revenue by improvising its operations through developing sales of the
company. Jaguar Land Rover Automotive Plc is the holding organisation of Jaguar Land Rover
Limited, it is a British multinational automotive firm and the headquarter of the firm is in
Whitley, Coventry, United Kingdom. The operations that are profitable are usually developed
even further, whereas unprofitable operations are valued and estimated whether they have any
strategic value for the company.
Significance of the Research
The considered investigator work is based on the study of the impact of sale on
profitability of a business organisation. In today's modern market being competitive and
profitable is a matter of survival in the market. The operations of a business organisation must be
cost-effective, productive and profitable in nature. If a single segment of an organisation is
weaker, it instantly reflects on the profitability of the firm (Eggert, Hogreve, Ulaga &
Muenkhoff, 2011). This is a management research which provides appropriate knowledge and
idea to the learners to develop their knowledge base in the area of marketing or management
studies. The major purpose of conducting the research of the investigator is personal interest.
Researcher is having personal interstate in the area of management studies and this study
provides potential knowledge base to develop their marketing or sales ability (Frey & Osborne,
2017).
Research Aim:
“To identify the impact of sale on profitability of company. A case study on Ford Motor
Company of Australia”.
Research Objectives:
Potential objectives of this particular research are associated as below:
 To investigate the influence of sale on profitability of Ford Motor Australia.
 To identify the impact of sale on performance and goodwill of Ford Motor Australia. To analyse different ways through which Ford Motor Australia can increase its sale.
Research Questions:
The significant questions of this exploration work are associated as under:
2

 What are the influence of sale on profitability of Ford Motor Company of Australia?
 How business sale impact on performance and goodwill of Ford Motor Company of
Australia?
 What are the different ways through which Ford Motor Company of Australia can
increase their sales?
3

Time Scale
4

Literature Review
The influence of sale on profitability of Ford Motor Australia.
As per the views expressed by Pooja Chatterjee, 2016, Sales promotion is considered as
an initiative which is widely undertaken by the business organisations in respect to promote
increase in sales, usage or trial of an organisational products or services. Sales is the key
consideration of each small as well as large business firm as increasing sales of a firm cause
higher profitability and growth. As a largest auto-maker company the major focused area of
Ford Motor Australia is to enhancing its profitability and revenue through developing the sales of
the firm (Nichols, Street & Cereola, 2012). The potential motive of the firm is to satisfying the
needs and wants of people within the commercial centre in respect to attaining higher sales
which reflects growth in the profitability of firm (Penrose, 2017). The profitability and revenue
has generated through the sales of vehicle, parts and accessories, an organisation mainly treat
sales and marketing initiatives as a reduction in revenue. The year of 2017 is the transition or
change for Ford Motors. The company has taken its steps forward to become the most trusted
mobility company around the globe. In 2017, the company has achieved their eighth consecutive
year of solid earnings and positive operating-related cash flow (Beets, 2011). The consistent
profitability of the firm has enabled them to distribute more than $15 billion to our shareholders
since 2012. While the organisation is pleased and proud to deliver these substantial profits, we
know that business as usual is no longer good enough in the rapidly changing business
environment (Soininen and et. al., 2012). As per the details of the annual report, profit of the firm
has rapidly increased, thus in the year of 2014 the estimated profit was around $12,174,000
which is increased and reached at $16,340,000. This estimation shows the drastic growth of the
firm which occurs through the increasing level of sales of the company. Sales has the positive
influence on the profitability of the firm.
The impact of sale on performance and goodwill of Ford Motor Company of Australia.
As per the opinion of Brian Beers, 2018, Sales is referring as the crucial aspect which
plays vast role in developing the overall performance of an organisation at global level. Now a
day's competition within market is on peak and the major concern area of an organisation is to
developing their brand image and profitability through increasing sales and revenue within the
market place (Sharma & Kumar, 2011). Ford Motors Australia is a large auto-maker company
and the key focused area of the firm is to satisfying the needs and wants of people within the
5

market place in respect to developing the goodwill and brand image of the firm. Goodwill is
referring as the intangible asset which is owned and associated with the operations of the
company. The sales of an organisation are based on its brand image or reputation, so the key
consideration area of Ford Motors is to increasing organisational sales and revenue through
developing innovative and high tech products and facilities for their end users (Penrose, 2017).
Ford Motor was incorporated in Delaware in the year of 1919. The company has around 202,000
employees who operates the business operations of Ford at global level (Sierzchula and et. al.,
2014). The company majorly deals in designing, manufactures, markets and services a full line
of Ford cars, trucks, sport utility vehicles, electrified vehicles and Lincoln luxury vehicles etc. In
this competitive business environment, organisations require to develop their goodwill in respect
to attaining a higher competitive position within the market area (Malmendier, Tate & Yan,
2011). Ford has a good value and brand image within the commercial centre, thus company has
attained rapid growth in its sales which may cause higher profitability for the firm. High brand
image is effective for grabbing the attention of customers at global level.
Different ways through which Ford Motor Australia can increase its sale.
According to the opinion of Jennifer Lonoff Schiff, 2014, Each business organisation
wants its sales people to be more reliable and successful, as that is one who is very much close to
the sales operation of the firm. Ford Motor Australia is a large auto-maker company, which
operates its business operations at global level, thus for maintaining its position within the
commercial centre Ford Motors Australia has taken various measures in which some are
associated as below:
Pushing Price Down: In an automotive industry the potential concern on sales manager
is to consider the price of products and make appropriate changes in the price of product in
respect to fulfilling the desires of people within the market place (Clibborn, Lansbury & Wright,
2016). Matching the lowest prices on the market at any time can, however, be challenging as it
appears automotive businesses are already cutting costs wherever they can. The sales department
of Ford Motors is focused on selling the products in less price so that effective services can be
offered to the final users.
Detailed sales Report: As a large Auto-maker company it is essential for Ford Motor
Australia to keep proper details of sales and revenue in respect to making appropriate decision
for the benefits of the firm (Ford, 2011). Businesses dealing with automotive parts have many
6

levels of information which requires to be included or excluded in respect to produce relevant
sales reports (Ford, 2011). Different customer types, product types or ranges, suppliers, and
geographical areas the business trades in all add to the complexity. Creating the right reports, the
traditional way can be near impossible for non-technical users.
7

Research Methodology
Research Methodology is considered to be the most essential part of research project as it
plays effective role in providing support to the literature through selection of suitable
methodology (Bloomfield, 2017). This section of the investigation work is based on various
application that are effective or suitable for the research to reach at the potential outcome.
Type of Investigation
There is various sort of research that are being used by the researcher to perform different
types of research in appropriate manner. Research can have performed in two parts such as
Quantitative research and qualitative research. Qualitative research concerned on to give
qualitative outcome of research (Ford, 2011). On the other side, quantitative research related
with finding outcome of numerical part of research process. Researcher consider the qualitative
part because it gives effective outcome in the form thesis and hypothesis which can be read and
analyses in effective manner.
Research Design
Research design is recognised as the blue print of the research, which provides
appropriate outline specification to the investigator to implement all investigation activities in
appropriate manner (Beets, 2011). This section has categorised among three major aspects like
experimental, exploratory and descriptive research design. In the present exploration work
descriptive research design as it is most suitable tool for qualitative research and provides
descriptive analysis of the research issue.
Research Philosophy
It deals with various source, nature and development of Knowledge. Modern Research
philosophy can be divided into two section that is interprtivism and positivism. In this report
researcher have taken interpretivism research approach because this approach gives a qualitative
report which help the researcher to analyse the data at different aspects of certain phenomenon
(Smith, 2013). It interprets the social role of various other individuals based on researcher set of
meanings.
Data Collection tools
A research project is based on data and information which are accumulated by the
investigator to overcome with the research issue in appropriate manner. In an investigation work
data has been gathered through primary or secondary source of data collection. In the existing
8

research project data has been gathered through secondary sources like books, articles, journals.
Thus secondary sources are effective creating an appropriate theoretical frame work that support
the literature with the evidence of facts and figures (Clibborn, Lansbury & Wright, 2016).
Ethical Consideration
This is most important part of research work, which helps in resolving the issues and
problems that are arises at the time of conducting research work. It is the major responsibility of
researcher is to ensure their respondents about keep their personal data and information more
confidential in nature. It is the major purpose of researcher is to attain organisational goals and
objectives in most efficient manner so that work has to be done in proper manner (Bloomfield,
2017). Time and cost are also considered as the another major issue which has huge influence on
the operations of research. It is also required for investigator to manage time and cost in respect
to completion of the work in suitable manner.
9

Finding and Analysis
Ford
Regression analysis:
SUMMARY
OUTPUT
Regression
Statistics
Multiple R 0.394017795
R Square 0.155250023
Adjusted R Square
-
0.055937472
Standard Error 5920.792233
Observations 6
ANOVA
df SS MS F
Significance
F
Regression 1 25770516.17 25770516.17 0.735128863 0.439558944
Residual 4 140223122.7 35055780.67
Total 5 165993638.8
Coefficien
ts
Standard
Error t Stat P-value Lower 95%
Upper
95%
Lower
95.0%
Upper
95.0%
Interce
pt
143932.5
11
9308.5238
55
15.462442
12 0.0001021
118087.90
58
169777.
1
118087.
9
169777.
1
X
Variabl
e 1
1.281101
81
1.4941765
24
0.8573965
61
0.4395589
44
-
2.8673972
83
5.42960
1 -2.8674
5.42960
1
RESIDUAL
OUTPUT
Observation Predicted Y Residuals
1 153098.795 -6181.794781
2 148015.383 -3098.382788
3 153378.075 -3820.074976
4 149820.455 1979.544758
5 153671.447 3104.552708
6 151854.845 8016.155079
10

T-test analysis:
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for
Means
146917 7155
Mean 152584.4 5788.4
Variance 34806863 3536425
Observations 5 5
Pearson Correlation 0.598713
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 4
t Stat 65.57285
P(T<=t) one-tail 1.62E-07
t Critical one-tail 2.131847
P(T<=t) two-tail 3.24E-07
t Critical two-tail 2.776445
F-test analysis:
F-Test Two-Sample for
Variances
Variable 1 Variable 2
Mean 151639.8333 6016.166667
Variance 33198727.77 3140406.167
Observations 6 6
df 5 5
F 10.57147579
P(F<=f) one-tail 0.010841328
F Critical one-tail 5.050329058
Interpretation:
11

From the above data analysis which is done on the data variable which is taken from Ford
Motor company’s last couple of years’ performance. All the data are taken about the sales and
profit which is earn by the company in last couple of year time. Regression analysis, the R-
square value is 0.15 which means that there is positive relation amount total sales and profit
which is taken for 2013 to 2018. Whereas, T-test results are analysed with the help of P-value to
the compare the results as in the above analysis of the sales and profit the p-value is 1.62.
Similarly, the F-test analysis is also one of the crucial factors that can assist in generating
sufficient amount of outcome in coming period of time. The value of F in a test is larger than F-
statistic. In that case null hypothesis can be rejected in this particular situation. In the above
table, it has been seen that value of F is 0.01. In statistics, the correlation coefficient r measures
the overall strength and direction of a liner relationship among two variables on a single
scatterplot. The value of R is always among +1 and -1. As from the above table the correlation
value of sales and profit for the company overall performance is 1. It is means that there is
positive correlation among both sales and net income of Ford Motor company from 2013 to
2018.
Correlation analysis:
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
2013 1
2014 0.999709 1
2015 1 0.99969 1
2016 0.999868 0.999969 0.999856 1
2017 1 0.999695 1 0.999859 1
2018 0.999967 0.999872 0.999961 0.999967 0.999963 1
Rolls Royce
Rolls-Royce
Year Sales £ bn Profit £ bn
2013 15513 7155
2014 13736 3187
2015 13725 7373
2016 14955 4596
2017 16307 7602
2018 17138 6184
T test
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
12

Rolls-Royce
Sales profit
Mean 15229 6016.167
Variance 1890632 3140406
Observations 6 6
Pearson Correlation 0.404302
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 5
t Stat 12.89899
P(T<=t) one-tail 2.49E-05
t Critical one-tail 2.015048
P(T<=t) two-tail 4.99E-05
t Critical two-tail 2.570582
Interpretation
T test indicates towards mean value of sales and profit results as £15229 and profit
£6016.167 one tail test indicates towards significant difference between sales and profit which is
2.49e-05 and two tail indicates towards 2.570582.
Regression
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.404302
R Square 0.16346
Adjusted R
Square -0.04568
Standard Error 1406.054
Observations 6
ANOVA
df SS MS F
Significance
F
Regression 1 1545212 1545212 0.781599 0.426591
Residual 4 7907950 1976988
Total 5 9453162
Coefficients
Standard
Error t Stat P-value
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
Lower
95.0%
Upper
95.0%
Intercept 13341.72 2210.563 6.03544 0.0038 7204.214 19479.23 7204.214 19479.23
Profit £
bn 0.313701 0.354833 0.884081 0.426591 -0.67147 1.298876 -0.67147 1.298876
Observation Predicted
Sales £
Residuals
13

bn
1 15586.25 -73.2533
2 14341.49 -605.487
3 15654.64 -1929.64
4 14783.49 171.5079
5 15726.48 580.5223
6 15281.65 1856.35
Percentile Sales £ bn
8.333333 13725
25 13736
41.66667 14955
58.33333 15513
75 16307
91.66667 17138
Correlation
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std.
Deviation
N
Sales 15229.0000 1375.00269 6
Profit 6016.1667 1772.11912 6
Correlations
Sales Profit
Sales
Pearson
Correlation 1 .404
Sig. (2-tailed) .427
N 6 6
14

Profit
Pearson
Correlation .404 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .427
N 6 6
Interpretation
The above information indicates towards difference between profit and sales. The
significant difference was analysed as .404 and .427 that shows the positive relationship between
sales and profit.
Jaguar land rover automotive plc
Year
Sales in £
bn Profit £ bn
2013 15.8 1.21
2014 19.4 1.87
2015 22.8 2.03
2016 22.3 1.31
2017 24.3 1.27
2018 25.8 1.33
T test
T-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
Sales profit
Mean 15229
6016.1
67
Variance
18906
32
31404
06
Observations 6 6
Pearson Correlation
0.4043
02
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 5
t Stat
12.898
99
P(T<=t) one-tail
2.49E-
05
t Critical one-tail
2.0150
48
P(T<=t) two-tail
4.99E-
05
t Critical two-tail
2.5705
82
Regression
15

Regression Statistics
Multiple R
0.005
243
R Square
2.75E
-05
Adjusted R
Square
-
0.249
97
Standard
Error
4.038
302
Observations 6
ANOVA
df SS MS F
Significance
F
Regression 1 0.001793 0.001793 0.00011 0.992136
Residual 4 65.23154 16.30789
Total 5 65.23333
Coefficient
s
Standard
Error t Stat P-value
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
Lower
95.0%
Upper
95.0%
Intercept 21.65247 7.885983 2.745691 0.051602
-
0.24252 43.54747
-
0.24252 43.54747
Profit £ bn 0.053787 5.129752 0.010485 0.992136
-
14.1887 14.29626
-
14.1887 14.29626
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std.
Deviation
N
Sales 21.7333 3.61202 6
Profit 1.5033 .35206 6
Correlations
16

Sales Profit
Sales
Pearson
Correlation 1 .005
Sig. (2-tailed) .992
N 6 6
Profit
Pearson
Correlation .005 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .992
N 6 6
Interpretation
The significant difference is calculated as .992 and the correlation also indicates towards
analysing the difference with various analytical approaches.
17

Discussion
The existing exploration work is based on the impact of sale on profitability of Ford
Motor Australia. Ford Motors is a large business enterprise which has its global business
operations and widely concern on developing new or innovative products within the commercial
centre in respect to fulfilling the basic desires of the customers at global level. High sales of the
firm represents the increasing profitability of the firm. As per the analysis of the project it has
been determined that the Ford Motor has increasingly growing with the support of high sales
within the commercial centre and development in sales scale reflects the higher profitability. In
today's modern auto-maker market competition is high and each business concern is focused on
reaching at the competitive peak in respect to providing high competition to its rivals. As per the
analysis report the company is using various measures like Pushing Price Down, Detailed sales
Report, market analysis, customer’s preferences etc. in respect to developing the performance of
the firm at global level. Ford Motors has a powerful good will, which provides benefits for the
firm in attaining profit and revenue at large scale. The company is also concern on developing
the brand image of the firm through producing more effective or attractive products that their
rivals. From the above mentioned theories and approaches below mentioned hypothesis has been
generated such as:
H0: “Performance of the companies are not significantly related to the profitability position of
the company”.
The outcomes indicate that performance of ford motors disclosure increase within six-
year time period. More than held of the companies which published in the annual reports of the
companies. Both correlation and regression evaluation examine sustainability disclosures has
specific relationships with industry. However, regression model is always challenging with the
claims made in the above literature reviews. This implied that the environmentally sensitive
companies would have a higher chance to provide overall profitability information which is
confirmed by the specific outcomes. In contrast, regression model indicates that non-
environmentally sensitive companies would have a maximum chance to provide effective
performance of an organisation.
H1: “Performance of the companies are significantly related with the profitability position of the
company”.
18

The findings of the correlation and regression calculation from the incomes statement of
the Ford motors and other two companies are effectively analysed to determine the correct
position during the period as well as in coming period of time. This will reinforce that Ford
Motor is having better performance intend to deliver more reliable information to maintain their
superiority against non-disclosers which is categories on the basis voluntary disclosure theory
mentioned in the literature review. In accordance with this, the outcomes do not provide
sufficient evident to confirm that there are related with sales and profit. These are significantly
related with the overall performance of the companies on the basis of the sales performance in
couple of years such as from 2013 to 2018.
19

Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusion
From the discussion of the above given report it has been concluded that sales of an
organisation have an interconnection with profitability. Increasing level of sales is beneficial for
the firm or its operations. In this modern business environment, the potential motive of each
business enterprises are to enhancing sales and revenue in respect to developing a good brand
image or goodwill in the mind set of people. The present exploration work is based on a
management research project which provides appropriate information in regards to the issue of
management and has a huge impact on the management operations of an organisation. Thus sales
are recognised as the key consideration of a business and now and day's business concern are
widely focused on improvising their offerings as per the basic needs and requirements of buyers
within the commercial centre. This create value in enhancing the profitability of the firm through
capturing a wide area of consumer market. Rolls-Royce and Jaguar Land rover is also a large
automotive industry and widely concern on enhancing its market base through producing more
innovative and advance products for the high satisfaction of the customers. The growth of an
organisation can be analysed through its sales, so the major focus area of each small as well as
large business enterprises is to attaining higher growth and success within the commercial centre.
These are the well reputed organisations who are having a good brand image within the global
market, thus companies are concern on analysing the market needs and product more attractive
products in respect to attaining higher competitive edge within the commercial centre.
Recommendation
From the detailed analysis of the project it has been recommended that sales and
profitability of an organisation is based on each other. However, the high profitability is based on
the increasing sales level of the organisation and less profitability is recognised through the
lower level of sales of an enterprise. As a well reputed auto-maker company Ford Motors needs
to analyse the current market situation in respect to enhancing the sales and revenue of the firm
by producing more effective and customer’s preferable products. The should focus on
implementing the high brand reputation within the market place and put potential efforts in
developing the brand recognition of the brand within the mind set of customers. Company should
also implement good marketing strategy in respect to grabbing the attention of more buyers, thus
this create value in increasing the level of sales and revenue of the firm. As a well-recognised
20

brand it is also essential for Rolls-Royce and Jaguar Land rover limited company to analysing
current market situation for the purpose of determining the strategy of their rivals so that
potential services and products can be offered within the market before its competitors. Company
should also make appropriate changes in their products which are more environmental friendly
so that sales can be enhanced, however as a luxury brand Rolls-Royce and Jaguar Land rover
should produce cost effective products can be purchased by people with lower income
background. this cause more benefits for the firm in capturing a wide area of market through
fulfilling the needs and demand of buyers.
Limitations of the Research
The research into consideration is based on the impact of sale on profitability of
company. This is management research which provides helps to the management learners to
attain significant area of idea and knowledge in the specified area of study. The major limitation
of the research is that it provides less data about the company’s profitability, thus researcher was
not able to gather complete information in-regards to the fluctuation that are arises in the
profitability of the firm. Another limitation is that it is hard for the researcher to gather data from
number of sources so the issue can be addressed by accumulation of information from few
source.
21

REFERENCES
Books and journals:
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Clibborn, S., Lansbury, R. D., & Wright, C. F. (2016). Who killed the Australian automotive
industry: the employers, government or trade unions?. Economic Papers: A journal of
applied economics and policy. 35(1). 2-15.
Eggert, A., Hogreve, J., Ulaga, W., & Muenkhoff, E. (2011). Industrial services, product
innovations, and firm profitability: A multiple-group latent growth curve analysis.
Industrial Marketing Management. 40(5). 661-670.
Ford, G. S. (2011). An investigation into the relationship of retail gas prices on oil company
profitability. Applied Economics. 43(27). 4033-4041.
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computerisation?. Technological forecasting and social change. 114. 254-280.
Lee, K. H. (2011). Integrating carbon footprint into supply chain management: the case of
Hyundai Motor Company (HMC) in the automobile industry. Journal of cleaner
production. 19(11). 1216-1223.
Lunardi, G. L., Becker, J. L., Maçada, A. C. G., & Dolci, P. C. (2014). The impact of adopting IT
governance on financial performance: An empirical analysis among Brazilian firms.
International Journal of Accounting Information Systems. 15(1). 66-81.
Malmendier, U., Tate, G., & Yan, J. (2011). Overconfidence and early‐life experiences: the
effect of managerial traits on corporate financial policies. The Journal of finance. 66(5).
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