Sharia Banking Assignment

This assignment focuses on the impact and implications of technological advancements within organisations, specifically for Sharia banking. It covers aspects such as effectiveness of technologies for organisational growth, benefits of implementing new technologies like those used by Tesco Plc, ways to implement these technologies at the workplace, issues faced during implementation, tools to resolve these issues, and changes brought about by technology adoption. Additionally, it explores whether technology maximises employment opportunities and enhances overall organisational performance.

RESEARCH
PROJECT
(To analyse the effectiveness of implementing new technologies at work
place and its impact on organisational performance and productivity. A
case study on Tesco Plc. )

Table of Contents
TITLE..............................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH ........................................................................................3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................16
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS..........................................................................................19
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.............................................................................28
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................33

TITLE
To analyse the effectiveness of implementing new technologies at work place and its
impact on organisational performance and productivity. A case study on Tesco Plc.
INTRODUCTION
Over view of the Research
There is continuous changes that is taking place in the world, the whole world is becoming a
village and globalization is taking place, which is leading to stiff competition in businesses.
There is a need to adopt technological changes in work place to increase overall performance and
efficiency of the organization. Tesco Plc is a multinational company which has operations
worldwide and is increasing day by day, the company has to implement various technological up
gradation for better performance in its business (Al-Haddad, 2015).
The company has to go through various steps for implementing these changes within
organization, it includes training and development of individuals and employees within the
company for their proper grooming and skill development, after the implementation of proper
training and development programme the company should measure performance of individuals
from the budgeted performance and whether the programme was successful enough to have an
impact on working of company, if there is any room for improvement, it should be considered. In
this report the various impact of changes in external environment on company and the steps
taken by company to overcome those challenges has been considered. The same is being
discussed in a detailed manner in this report.
BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH
In the world full of innovative tools and technologies each business organisation is concern on
developing its performance and productivity in order to attaining high growth and success at
3

market place. Tesco Plc is trading as Tesco all over the world, it is a British multinational
grocery and general merchandise retailer company and headquartered is in Welwyn Garden City,
Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom (Allen, 2015). As a large business organisation the
basic purpose of firm is to capturing the whole market and gain huge amount of profit and
revenue. As per the measure of profit margin, Tesco Plc is the world’s third largest retailer
company and ninth largest retailer across the globe which is measured by revenues. The
company is having its outlets and stores in over 12 countries across Europe and Asia, it is the
general and grocery leader in the market of United Kingdom, Thailand, Ireland and Hungary.
The company is listed in the London stock exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 index.
The company is having its capitalization of around £18.1 Billion. Tesco Plc is a British
multinational company which deals in grocery and general merchandising products and services.
As a large business organisation Tesco Plc is concern on adopting most suitable and effective
digital technologies in order to enhancing the productivity of firm at market place. The major
focused area of firm is to satisfying the needs and wants of people at market place through
offering them variety of products and services as per the changing needs and wants of people. It
is also essential for Tesco Plc to maintain the flow of work as to attaining growth through
utilising the appropriate flow of information. As a largest retail company it is essential for Tesco
Plc to attain a sustainable position at market place through enhancing profitability and revenue.
In this brand image is also effective in attaining higher competitive edge at market place.
Significance of the Research
The basic reason for conducting the research is to improving the skills and ability of learner in
analysing business issues that has a huge impact on organisational performance and growth.
Proper enactment in knowledge helps in conducting future research projects in effective and
4

efficient manner (Bryson, 2018). It is necessary for each business firm to gain attention of
customers and buyers as to maintain an effective image at market place.
Implementation of new technologies at work place is an essential term for each business
organisation as it helps in moving the firm towards right direction in attaining high profitability
and growth. Implementation of new technologies can be considered as the major issues in each
business firm, if any business firm is not applying new technologies than their growth may be
decreased as customers are not feeling satisfied with the goods and services.
Research Aim
This can be considered as the summarized statement on which the whole research is based on.
This helps in clearly and concisely defining the major purpose of conducting the research in
significant manner (Coenen, 2014). The essential aim for this particular research is To analyse
the effectiveness of implementing new technologies at work place and its impact on
organisational performance and productivity. A case study on Tesco Plc.
Research Objective
This section is mainly concern on the ways to analyse the variables such as to identify or
describe them in effective manner. Essential objectives of research are described as under:
 To identify various ways through which new technologies can be implemented at work
place.
 To determine the impact of new technologies on organisational performance.
 To ascertain various issues that are faced by organisation in implementing new changes
at work place. To recommend ways by which issues can be resolved that has a direct influence on
organisational performance.
5

Research Question
This section is connected with the research objectives as in this questions are prepared as per the
described research objectives (Epstein, 2014). Some essential research questions are evaluated as
below:
 What are the ways by which new technologies can be implemented at work place?
 What is the impact of new technologies on organisational performance?
 What are the major issues that are faced by organisation in implementing new changes at
work place?
 What are the ways by which issues can be resolved that has a direct influence on
organisational performance?
6

LITERATURE REVIEW
The ways by which new technologies can be implemented at work place.
Technological implementation is a very crucial aspect of any business nowadays, there should be
proper plan that needs to be framed in order to make the adaptability of such changes successful
within organization (Gangwar, 2015). This can only happen when a proper analysis of various
changes in the external environment and its impact on organization is considered and proper
strategies are framed to adapt to those changes for future success. As per the views expressed by
Mr. Aaron Jones,2017, the various ways through which technological changes can be
implemented are as follows:
 Selection of right kind of technology that will fit current operations of company. Without
right technology selection time and money is wasted.
 Involvement of Employees and individual within organization, Benchmarking needs to be
set with officers a t key position in organization like operational supervisor, departmental
staff, maintenance personnel’s etc. A key focus should be made on proper training and development of individuals; it should
be made sure that there is no people who are left out from training as every individual
counts.
The impact of new technologies on organisational performance.
There is a considerable positive impact that has been seen on organization and its performance
due to implementation of new technological changes. Tesco Plc. Is a multinational corporation
and is having a diversified operation all over the world, the need for implementation of
technological changes for better performance is quite high in the organization to meet demand of
7

consumers. According to the views of Clare Archer, 2018, The impact of change on performance
of company can be elaborated in following ways: Structure: Progress in the field of information technology has improved efficiency of
businesses. These changes are accepted by organization by restructuring departments,
modifying position requirements along with adding and removing any jobs within the
organization (Grant, 2016). Operations: Technological advancement usually reduces the number of office tasks and
therefore it leads to an improvement in efficiency. The changes may take place in the
form of up-gradation to a desktop computer in some of the manual workings, introduction
of new information systems etc.
 Impact on cost structure: The very decision of purchasing a new technological
equipment or implementing new technology might lead to a huge dent on the costing of
company, therefore it is of paramount importance that cost analysis is done before
implementing these technological changes in an organization (Hottenrott, 2016).
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Illustration 1:
Growth rate of Tesco Plc.
(Source: Growth rate of Tesco Plc, 2017)
As per the above given graph it has been analysed that there is huge fluctuation arises in
the growth rate of Tesco Plc. Company is attaining growth at regular basis which shows the
success of company. It also shows the estimated profit of firm in will be attained by company in
future. In the year of 2015 the growth rate of firm was fall down 45,524.45 and in the year of
2016 it may arise at 46,631.25 and after 2016 the growth rate of firm arises in regular basis as
company is attaining high amount of profit and revenue.
The major issues that are faced by organisation in implementing new changes at work place.
Change is inevitable and it affects every business at some point or other. From small
restructuring of staff to M&A. The changes may be necessary but there are certain barriers and
9

challenges that needs to be addressed for proper implementation of these changes within
organization. As laid down by Ms. Shelley Frost, 2018, the various issue in change
implementation within organization are discussed below:
 Planning of change Implementation: Change is consist to be the most essential element
of firm which is needs to be managed by each business organisation as to administrating
all the business operations in effective manner. Tesco is concern on implementing
appropriate changes in that are essential for companies growth. It is necessary for firm to
create a an appropriate plan as to implementing all the changes in systematic manner.
Tesco creates an effective plan as to implementing all the appropriate changes in the
growth and development of firm. If there is no proper planning as to how the change will
be implemented within organization, the change will not be properly implemented and
may face certain problems. If there is a transition which is taking place in the current
information system such change should be compatible with old system and how the
information is transferred to new system and with what pace, whether there is any need
for training and development of employees for proper implementation of change (Hyland,
2015). Roles and responsibilities should be assigned to various individuals within the
company.
10

(Source: Lewin's Change Model, 2015)
This considered as the most essential theory of change management as it is essential for each
business organisation to manage change in respect to implementing all business activities in
appropriate manner. This theory is propounded by Kurt Lewin as a change management model
during the year of 1950's, in this three stages are involved which are described as under:
Unfreeze: This consist as the perception stage which helps in describing the needs of change to
their employees within the organisation. As per the opinion of Lewin, this is the most crucial
stage among the entire process. In this organisations and their employees needs to face
challenges as to overcome with the uncertainties. In this stage employees and workers of an
organisation realize that something is needs to be change and it is required for them to deal with
strong emotions like denial, impatience, doubt and uncertainty. As a large business enterprises
Tesco Plc is concern on implementing effective communication channel within the organisation
in respect to adopting change in efficient manner.
11

Change Stage: This is also an another essential element of this model as it is essential for firm
to implement change within the short period of time. If change process takes longer time than it
leads the employees towards the old habits and rituals. In this stage it is required for employees
to accept and adopt changes in less period of time. The management department of Tesco Plc are
concern on creating awareness about the importance of change so that employees can easily
adopt them in appropriate manner.
Refreeze Stage: This stage is about implementing the change into proper action. After the
change has been implemented within the work place than employees and workers are tending to
return to their old habits. IN this stage organisation have to make appropriate arrangement
management and arrangements in respect to carry out the business operations in right direction.
 Consensus Building: The primary task for any change implementation is to
communicate the change to every individual within the organization. If every individual
is not convinced within the organization, thus the change implementation progress of
Tesco is likely to get affected. Tesco Plc and its higher authority provide chance to their
employees in taking effective participation in the decision making process as employees
are very much close to the activities and operations of firm so they are effective in
making appropriate decision for organisational benefits (Hyland Lee and Mills, 2015). Communication: Change should be communicated in an effective manner to each and
every person within the organization failing which may lead to rumours and fears among
employees in the workplace and there would be uncertainty. The benefits and drawbacks
of such changes should be communicated so that employees will be able to take decision
whether the current scenario in the company matches their career goals and requirements.
12

As a large business organisation Tesco Plc has various business operations and the
management of firm are concern on establishing an effective communication channel
within the organisation as to maintaining the proper flow of data and information as to
implementing all business operation with more collaboration and coordination. Resistance from Employees: The change is not taken positively usually by employees,
they think of it as a probable job loss and not remaining relevant for the company if new
changes will kick in, therefore new measures should be adopted by the company in order
to get rid of these resistances. Tesco is making sure that right kind of training and
development programmes are initiated so that resistance from employees can be
mitigated and company can grow effectively.
The ways by which issues can be resolved that has a direct influence on organisational
performance.
In an organisation, management face various issues related to implementation of new technology
at work place which directly influenced company performance. Some of the important problem
are resistance to change, employee’s old skills and knowledge, firm’s capabilities related to
finance, time and resources etc., technical help and many more. Company look to improve their
market position and high profits. New technology in working process has provided competitive
advantage at market place with quality of performance and productivity. So that, its very
important for an organisation to implement new create ideas in their business activities thus
improve their operational process (Jones, 2016). For this, manager focus on executing issues and
address them by following way:
 Get your own technical endorsers. At very level of an organisation employees talk about
new changes, so that company endorse one person those spread positive information
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among workers. Thus decrease negativity about execution of technology at work place.
They analyse employees thinking and accordingly develop plan related to
implementation.
 Host quality training and development program: HR manager of an organisation has
conducting training and development event for their employees those are associated with
changes. Thus improve skills and knowledge in order to achieve company goals and
objectives. New technology at work place change working process of the company
(Johnson and et. al., 2015).
Be as transparent as possible: When management is executing new create idea at work place it’s
very important for HR manager maintain transparency, so that employees and all associated
people are aware about relevant information which help them to carry out work in an effective
manner (Khairi, 2015).
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A research method can be defined as a systematic plan for conducting research. It is the most
important part of a research and usually outcome of the research is dependent on the method
which is being used by the researcher. Various tools and techniques are used to carry out the
research work by the researcher (Kujawińska, 2015).
Type of investigation
The types of research are different. It is the responsibility of the researcher to select the type of
research to be conducted. Usually the research can be qualitative and quantitative in nature.
Qualitative research is based on quality of the data and on the other hand Quantitative research is
based on the quantity of data.
Research design
It is a kind of framework that informs about the total pattern of conducting research. The job of
research design is to specify research objectives, data collection, time, cost, probable outcome,
action etc. Research design can be of three parts these include Exploratory research design,
descriptive research design and casual or experimental research design. The research design
selected for this report is exploratory research design, because it is based on qualitative research.
Descriptive research design basically describes problems and its solution. It is more purposive as
well as specific. In today's world descriptive research is also a key research method and it helps
in analysing various information in a detailed manner.
Research Philosophy
It deals with various source, nature and development of Knowledge. Modern Research
philosophy can be divided into two section that is interpretivism and positivism. In this report
researcher have taken interpretivism research approach because this approach gives a qualitative
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report which help the researcher to analyse the data at different aspects of certain phenomenon. It
interprets the social role of various other individuals based on researcher set of meanings.
Research approach
Research approach is yet another tool which helps in carrying out research work efficiently so
that results can be obtained. There are two basic research approaches like inductive and
deductive research approach. In this particular research report inductive method of research is
selected, the reason for selection of this method is because it is based on the quality of the data. It
considers on availability of facts and figures which are collected by researcher.
Data sampling
Under this a sample is selected from the population and public and that sample is termed as a
representative of the whole population (Mittal, 2015). The size of the sample taken here is 40
Who are continuously receiving services of the concerned organization. Data sampling is of Two
Types Probabilistic and non- probabilistic sampling technique. For this report non- Probabilistic
technique has been taken. The same technique is also known as purposive technique.
Data collection
There are two methods of data collection, these are primary data collection and secondary data
collection. Primary data selection involves asking questions in the form of questionnaires
directly from consumers. Based on secondary data collection method literature review part of the
report is framed. This is also an important part of research report as it provides data and
information based on research report is made.
Ethical Consideration
It is the most important aspect of conducting Research. It puts a moral responsibility on
researcher to perform its research in an efficient and effective manner. A researcher faces many
16

problems and issues which he needs to address. The various issues can be to conduct research in
appropriate time, resource availability, funds source and allocation. While performing research
there might be cases that a researcher might come across various information of individuals
which are quite personal in nature.
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DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
Thematic Analysis
Theme 1: Advancement in technologies are effective for organisational growth.
Q1) Does advancement in technologies are effective for organisational growth? Frequency
 Yes 36
 No 4
Interpretation: Technological advancement has given competitive edge to companies all over
the world. It gives company a competitive edge over the others. Advancement in technology
leads to efficiency in operations and reduction in time in performing various crucial tasks of
organization, Therefore to analyse whether it has affected organization and in which way, the
management has decided to ask it from people. The above Data shows that most of the
respondents believe that there is a positive impact of technological changes in organization. 36
out of 40 respondents believes that advancement in technology are very effective for
organizational growth and success. The respondents also believes that technological
advancement is a crucial factor for survival and growth on any business.
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Theme 2: There are huge benefits of implementing new technologies within organisation such
Tesco Plc.
Q2) What are the benefits of implementing new technologies within
organisation such as Tesco Plc?
Frequency
 Increase in customers Footfall 15
 Increase in sales 10
 Enhancement In profitability 10
 Establish good image at market place 5
Interpretation: New technology implementation brings various benefits for company some of
them includes reduction in operation cost, increase in sales, increase in customer footfalls,
competitive edge over other competitors etc. In order to view others opinion on this fact, the
company has conducted a survey among 40 respondents and questions were asked from them
that how technological advancement has benefited company, 15 of them replied that it leads to
an increase in customer footfall, 10 out of them said it leads to an increase inn sales, 10 said it
has enhanced profitability of the company and rest of the five respondents said that it leads to
establishment of good image of company.
19

Theme 3: There are various ways by which new technologies can be implemented at work
place.
Q3) What are the ways by which new technologies can be implemented at work
place?
Frequency
 Selection of Technology 16
 Involvement of employees 8
 proper training and development 12
 Information to personal 4
Interpretation: The implementation of technology is done through various ways within
organization. These ways are selected by management for a effective implementation of changes
within organization, however these should be carefully applied keeping in mind benefits and
rights of every individuals in the workplace. Such ways are involvement of employees, training
and development, information to personnel etc. Questions were asked from 40 respondents
regarding this matter and 16 of those replied that selection of technology should be done for
implementation, 8 of them replied that involvement of employees should be increased in order to
effectively implement changes within organization. 12 people said proper training and
development is the key, 4 of the respondents said that proper information to personnels will bring
effective implementation of changes.
20

Theme 4: Different issues are faced by business when they implement new and innovative
technologies at work place.
Q4) What are the issues which are faced by business when they implement new
and innovative technologies at work place?
Frequency
 Employees are not familiar with the working environment 10
 Employees turnover 12
 High cost structure for company 13
 Transformation is operation 5
Interpretation: Implementation of new changes within organization is not easy as the company
faces many issues with regards to this. Employees are reluctant to adapt to change and they show
resistance in changing. These resistance needs to be overcome by management by using various
tools and techniques. When asked from people in this regard 10 of the respondents said
employees are not familiar with changed working environment, 12 respondents believes
employee turnover, 13 respondents said that it leads to a high cost structure for the company and
5 believes that transformation in operations has taken place because application of changes.
21

Theme 5: Different tools and techniques used by firm in order to resolved the issues which
are faced by Tesco Plc in implementing new technologies.
Q5) What are the tools and techniques used by firm in order to resolved the
issues which are faced by Tesco Plc in implementing new technologies?
Frequency
 Taking feedbacks 8
 Customised products 12
 Host quality training and development program 10
 Be as transparent as possible 10
Interpretation:
As per the above given graph it has been concluded that organisations are concern on
applying various tools and technologies in respect to resolving issues and conflicts that are faced
by them in implementing new and advance technologies. 8 people select the option of taking
feedbacks as this is most effective tools for analysing the changes that are required to create in
products and services. 12 respondents go with the option of customised products, 10 people
choose host quality training and development program and remaining people go with the option
of be as transparent as possible.
22

Theme 6: New technologies are valuable in maximising employment opportunities for the
people of economy.
Q6) New technologies are valuable in maximising employment opportunities for
the people of economy?
Frequency
 Agree 32
 Disagree 8
Interpretation: New technology is useful not only for a company but economy as a
whole. New technology brings opportunities for job creation in the whole economy. New talents
are developed because more people transform themselves to match job specifications. In this
regard, a survey was conducted, 32 out of 40 respondents said that it leads to new job creation in
the economy, however 8 respondents denied that it leads to job creation in the economy.
23

Theme 7: New technologies helps in enhancing overall performance of an organisation.
Q7) Does new technologies helps in enhancing overall performance of an
organisation?
Frequency
 Satisfied 35
 Not satisfied 5
Interpretation:
As per the above given report it has been determined that new technologies are helpful in
developing overall performance of an organisation. As new and innovative technologies are
effective in implementing all business resources in effective and efficient direction and this
create value for organisational growth and success. 35 out of 40 people are satisfied with this
statement and remaining people are not satisfied with the same, according to them adoption of
new technologies are not effective for organisational growth and success.
24

Theme 8: The changes that has taken place within operations of firm by implementing new
technologies.
Q8) What are the changes that has taken place within operations of firm by
implementing new technologies?
Frequency
 Increasing in operations 5
 Decrease in operation 25
 Increase automation in operation 10
Interpretation: Various changes takes place within organization after new technology being
implemented in the company, these changes may be related to behaviour of employees, change
in time duration of operations of the the company. 5 out of 40 respondents stated that there is an
increase in duration of operation, 25 said that it leads to a decrease in time duration and 10
believes that it leads to an increase in automation within organization in the longer term.
25

Theme 9: The resources needed for implementing technological changes within Tesco Plc.
Q9) What are the resources needed for implementing technological changes
within Tesco Plc?
Frequency
 Information systems 10
 Fresh talent within company 8
 Correct system selection 9
 Adopting Risk Console 13
Interpretation: For proper implementation of changes within organization there is a requirement
of various resources, like information system, fresh talent within company, adopting a risk
console for proper planning and implementation etc. Questions were asked from 40 respondents
10 out of 40 believes that information system is a must for implementation, 8 states fresh talent is
required so that they can understand new technology and can communicate such changes to
people, 9 people said that correct system selection is also needed, however 13 respondents said
proper risk console should be adopted for effective implementation.
26

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
The world is changing continuously and therefore the requirement to change is always
there, the company should use various tools and techniques to implement technological changes
within Tesco but an Tesco faces many issues in implementing these changes. It is the
responsibility of management to overcome these changes in order to remain competitive in the
market. The issues that can be faced by the company are change resistance within Tesco ,
decrease in performance and productivity of employees, decrease motivation and self confidence
among employees. These should be resolved by Tesco as soon as possible for effective
performance in longer term. The Tesco train its employees by initiating a training and
development programme through which skills of employees and individuals are developed which
in turn helps them to handle various new machinery within the Tesco . Only initiation of skill
and development programmes is not enough for efficient and effective performance of the
company, The programmes should be evaluated from time to time in order to remain relevant for
individuals of the company.
Recommendation
Tesco should adopt different new and innovative technologies in order to maintain
sustainable position in marketplace. Before implementation of various new technologies in
Tesco , manager should determine the various aspects and its impact on working employee.
Implementation of new technologies help Tesco to attain its goals and objectives of Tesco .
Firstly these new technologies implemented in small area then it will be able to determine the
outcome if it persist in effective manner then it will implemented in whole in Tesco .
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Management of Tesco should Tesco different training session in order to enhance skills and
knowledge of Tesco . Management of Tesco need to determine various issues which are raised
during performing various work procedure in Tesco . In order to sustain in marketplace Tesco
should also determine situation of market in order to stand before the rivals present in
marketplace. These leads to enhance the level of profit of Tesco . Tesco should manufacture
different range of product with help of new and innovative technologies. New and innovative
technologies help to accomplish the different task in stipulated period of time. These
technologies aids to produce similar products in order to decrease the sales of rivals Tesco
present in Tesco .
Implementation of new and innovative technologies brings effectiveness in working
process in Tesco . It is essential to implement new and innovative technologies to stand before
rivals in marketplace. These recommendation can play a significant roles to perform their work
procedure in effective manner which help Tesco to capture large quantity of market shares. It
also help to establishes long term relationship with its customer.
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APPENDIX
Questionnaires
Name:
Age:
Gender:
Email:
Phone Number:
Address:
Q1) Does advancement in technologies are effective for organisational growth?
Yes
No
Q2) What are the benefits of implementing new technologies within organisation such Tesco
Plc?
Increase in customers Footfall
Increase in sales
Enhancement In profitability
Establish good image at market place
Q3) What are the ways by which new technologies can be implemented at work place?
Selection of Technology
Involvement of employees
proper training and development
Information to personal
Q4) What are the issues which are faced by business when they implement new and
innovative technologies at work place?
Employees are not familiar with the working environment
Employees turnover
High cost structure for company
Transformation is operation
Q5) What are the tools and techniques used by firm in order to resolved the issues which are
30

faced by Tesco Plc in implementing new technologies?
Taking feedbacks
Customised products
Host quality training and development program
Be as transparent as possible
Q6) New technologies are valuable in maximising employment opportunities for the people of
economy?
Agree
Disagree
Q7) Does new technologies helps in enhancing overall performance of an organisation?
Satisfied
Not satisfied
Q8) What are the changes that has taken place within operations of firm by implementing
new technologies?
Increasing in operations
Decrease in operation
Increase automation in operation
Q9) What are the resources needed for implementing technological changes within Tesco
Plc?
Information systems
Fresh talent within company
Correct system selection
Adopting Risk Console
Q10) Provide recommendation as to improving working efficient of firm at market place.
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