Strategic Management and Business Analysis

This assignment explores the key concepts of strategic management and business analysis. It delves into techniques like SWOT, SPACE matrix, and BCG matrix to evaluate internal and external factors influencing business success. The role of stakeholders and entrepreneurial strategies in navigating competitive landscapes is also examined through various scholarly sources.

Business strategy

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................2
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................2
1.1 How business mission, vision, objectives, goals and core competencies affect strategic
planning .................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Analyse the factors that have to be considered when formulating strategic plans for TNT. 3
1.3 Evaluate the effectiveness of techniques that are used when developing strategic business
plan.........................................................................................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
Organisational audit................................................................................................................7
Environmental audit...............................................................................................................8
Stakeholder Analysis..............................................................................................................9
New strategy for TNT..........................................................................................................10
Alternative strategies............................................................................................................11
Justification...........................................................................................................................12
Assess the roles and responsibilities of personnel who are charged with strategy
implementation ....................................................................................................................12
Analyse the estimated resource requirements for implementing the new strategy for TNT14
SMART objectives...............................................................................................................15
RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................................................16
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................18

Illustration Index
Illustration 1: SPACE Analysis.......................................................................................................6
Illustration 2: BCG Matrix...............................................................................................................7
Illustration 3: Stakeholder Analysis...............................................................................................10
1

INTRODUCTION
Business strategy refers to the various ways by which an organisation can effectively
achieve its objectives and goals. It also called as long term planning of the companies for
accomplishing their objectives in efficient manner. In this strategy is game plan of the firm's
management which is used for strengthening its performance and work efficiency. These
strategies include SWOT and PESTEL analysis. Business strategies are generally developed by
organizations for attaining different objectives in effective manner. These strategies play
important role in growth, development and success of an organization. The current research
project is based on Business strategy. Regarding this, it focuses on TNT express which is
operating its business in courier industry of UK. It is an international company which is engaged
in express and freight delivery service (TNT Express launches PharmaSafe, 2016). It includes
internal and external environment of the organization which are required for developing new
strategies of an organization (Åkerman, 2014). Along with this, it also shed lights on current and
future strategy of the company. Further, it includes different models and theories for developing
appropriate tactics for an organization. Including this, stake holder's analysis will also be
completed by this investigation. In addition, appropriate process of future strategic
implementation plan is also describing in the following paragraphs of the report.
TASK 1
1.1 How business mission, vision, objectives, goals and core competencies affect strategic
planning
Strategies have to be planned by keeping in mind the objectives of company. TNT has
kept their customers at the core of their strategies. Company makes sure that all the stakeholders
have been involved in the decision making. TNT follows a strategy map which aligns the entire
organisation together (Al-Ansaari and et.al., 2014). This makes sure that aims, objectives,
mission and vision are according to the strategies of entire organisation. Further, it is using
balance scorecard method and has been awarded for its exceptional performance in the industry.
Operational activities are linked with the strategy and it has shown remarkable growth for them
(Aversa and et.al., 2015). Their vision is to become the most admired company and increase their
sales. For this, they have made sure that proper plans are followed by all the departments in the
organisation to achieve desired goals. They have realised the importance of customers and
2

various services which are provided to them (Baddache and Nicolai, 2013). So, they have
incorporated all these in their objectives and planned to accomplish it.
Identification of TNT’s mission, vision,
goals, objectives and core competencies
Explanation
Mission  Exceed customer’s expectation
 Deliver value to customers by
providing efficient and reliable
services
 Lead the industry by creating
values and taking responsibility
Mission of TNT is to provide
excellent services to its
customers. It has planned to
maintain the same level of
services across the globe.
Vision  To become the most admired
company in the industry
TNT has clear vision and it has
formulated strategies and plans
to ensure quality services.
Goal  Achieve 2% sales growth annually TNT has planned to expand
and attract more customers
constantly.
Objective  To achieve profitable growth
 To reduce carbon emission by 45%
till 2020
 Answer customer calls within ten
seconds
To maintain healthy
relationship with various
stakeholders and grow
business with sustainable
development.
Core competencies  Efficient transportation of goods or
documents
 Providing quality services
 Enhancing customer satisfaction
 Responsible behavior
 High caliber workforce
Strength of TNT lies in
attracting customers and
building high level of
workforce which meets
expectations of the customers.
3

1.2 Analyse the factors that have to be considered when formulating strategic plans for TNT
High standard of services that TNT has been able to achieve is a result of its business
strategy. Strategic planning begins with the formulation of Mission and Vision statements. After
that, goals, objectives and aim of the organisation are decided (Dameron and Durand, 2013).
Further, current situation is accessed by considering the internal and external environment of
business. Important factors that have to be considered while formulating strategies are:
Internal factors: Such factors include employees, management, physical and financial
resources etc. These are very important and a strategy cannot be formulated without considering
these factors.
Support activities: These activities include infrastructure of the firm, skills needed in the
workforce, technology, assets and inventory (Doole and Lowe, 2008). A firm cannot develop a
strategy without taking all these factors into consideration.
Primary business activities: Primary activity of TNT is to transmit goods and provide
quality services to the employees. They have to ensure that customers are satisfied with the
services that are given to them.
External factors: Such factors which affect business are competition, preferences of
customers, economy, tariffs, rules, recession and inflation. Plans have to be altered by keeping in
mind the changes in business environment.
Strategic challenges and facilitators for TNT are:
 Fierce competition: TNT has been facing tough competition from DHL and Fed Ex
(Ferreira, 2013). As a result, they change continuously their strategies and plans to
remain competitive in the market.
 Growth of B2C: TNT is a B2B company and there has been a significant rise in direct
customer service. It is a major challenge for them because they have to include such thing
in their portfolio to remain competitive (Few and Few, 2013). Plans have to be altered
and this perspective of business has to be included.
 Slow growth in Europe: Growth rate has been slow in Europe and they have to look for
other opportunities for business. For that, TNT is planning to expand their business in
China and Brazil.
These factors have affected the business but there are some positive effects for the company
which facilities in the formation of strategies and plans. These are as follows:
4

 Worldwide presence
 Cost efficiency
 Exceptional customer service
 Balance scorecard development
 Good relationship with customers
 Efficient technology
 Strong product portfolio
 Huge network
 Large market share
1.3 Evaluate the effectiveness of techniques that are used when developing strategic business
plan
Business strategies provide a direction and helps the business to achieve its goals. These
are generally long term in nature. TNT has been successfully performed their strategies in the
recent past and has been able to maintain its distinctive position in the industry. Techniques
which can be adopted for the development of strategic business plan are:
SPACE Analysis: This technique helps the organisation to formulate its future strategy
(SPACE Analysis, 2011). SPACE matrix in context of TNT Company depicts that it has to adopt
aggressive strategy in the business. It has strong position in the market and company has been
growing at a rapid pace. It has been providing its services in more than 200 countries of the
world. It has been performing excellent in terms of providing services and customers have been
loyal to it (Lin and et.al., 2013). Though it has some competitors and it is affected by the nagging
business environment but still an aggressive policy will be better for them. They should include
this while formulating their business strategies. In past years as well, they have been carrying out
the operation to gain competitive edge in the industry.
5

BCG Matrix: Such matrix determines the position of company on the basis of its market
share and growth rate (Longoni and Cagliano, 2015). If TNT incorporates this technique in their
strategic plan then such will help in making it more effective. There are four categories in this
matrix:
 Cash Cows: These produce more revenues and consume less. They are ones which are
leader in the the mature market (Nuntamanop and et.al., 2013). Their value can also be
determined using the present value method as they generate a stable cash flow for a
company.
 Dogs: The dogs have low market share and low growth rate. They don't even consume
large amount of cash.
 Question Mark: They are those which grow rapidly in the market and they consume large
amount of cash. They have relatively low share in the market and generate low revenues
as well.
 Stars: They are very strong in the market and also generate large returns. Their growth
rate of very high as such they consume large amount of funds (Okereke and Küng, 2013).
A company's portfolio should have stars which will become cash cows in near future and
keep generating revenues for the company.
6
Illustration 1: SPACE Analysis
(Source: SPACE technique, 2013)

At present, company is in stars stage which indicates that they are moving forward in
their business. Market share of the company is high and their overall growth rate is also high.
They have lot of investments in the market and more investment is also needed (Panicker and
Manimala, 2015). The BCG matrix can be a useful technique for TNT to develop its future
strategy. They are in a stage where they have to continuously remain competitive in the industry
otherwise their rival will take over. It is for the same reason that TNT has been expanding its
business and increasing their existing product portfolio.
TASK 2
Organisational audit
Organizational audit is a technique used by the management of a company to find out the
strengths, weaknesses and challenges associated with the business. It is very beneficial as it helps
an organisation to evaluate various factors that can affect it (Priego and et.al, 2014). All the
elements of micro and macro environment are taken into consideration. The best technique to
analyse the strategic position of TNT is SWOT analysis. The strength of the company lies in its
quality services which are provided to customers. TNT is a market leader in Europe and it
7
Illustration 2: BCG Matrix
(Source: BCG Matrix, 2015)

provides services in more than 200 countries. The objectives and vision of the company is clearly
defined (Ritter and Gemünden, 2004). They use latest technologies and the has highly trained
workforce. The biggest weakness for them is the environmental aspect in which they work.
There are safety issues, transportation problems, punctuality and other environmental factors
which causes problems in their operations. Threats are also prevalent in the industry. The
competition level is very high and companies like DHL, FedEx etc are trying to capture the
market (Santos and Baptista, 2015). Furthermore transportation problems, security of the goods,
climate, transportation all have their influence in the quality of the service. Even though TNT has
to face lot of threats from the external sources but there is ample of opportunities for them. It is a
global company as such its has more opportunities to grow (Schrager and Madansky, 2013).
They can also expand to other countries like China and Brazil. The development of
communication system and transportation has allowed them to improve their service and make it
more quicker then before. The customers have been loyal to allow as a result they have huge
customer base (How to do SWOT, 2016). The customer services that are provided is one of the
best in the industry and this gives them the competitive edge that they want.
Environmental audit
An environmental audit helps an organisation to gather all the useful information about
the environment in which it is operating. TNT has its presence around the globe as a result it is
affected by all the global changes that are happening. PESTEL Analysis is an effective technique
to study all such factors (PESTLE Analysis, 2016). The political factors are of utmost importance
to them. Many nations does not support foreign identities in their countries and for a global
company this could be a problematic situation. Apart from this, economical factors such as
interest rates, exchange rates, inflation, demand and supply also affect the business. All these
factors play a vital role for a global company (Wagner and Svensson, 2014). TNT also takes into
consideration all the social factors during communicating, promotional and at the time of
delivery. Each country has its own culture, preferences and lifestyle and all of these have to be
included in PESTLE analysis. Technology can be also useful for improving the customer service.
The improvement in transportation, communication and innovative methods of delivery can
improve the quality of the overall services (Winnard and et. al., 2014). It is essential for the
company to adopt to new technologies and introduce innovation in its business activities
otherwise they will lag behind in the industry. The environment factors and the social
8

responsibility of the company have to be considered in environmental audit. The world is
moving towards sustainable development and it is expected from all the organisations to
implement in their mission strategies as well (Robbins, 2016). The macro factors would be
incomplete if the legal element is ignored from it. Each country has its own legal framework.
They have different regulations and guidelines which have to be complied. TNT has to consider
all such legal necessities that has been laid down by the country in which it is operating
(Mozaffarian, 2016). The macro environment has major influence in the business of a company.
Therefore a proper understanding is required so as to ensure that the business is not affected by
it.
Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholders includes all those people who are affected by the decisions of the company.
These include employees, customers, creditors, community, government and suppliers. When a
company is about to introduce a new strategy for its business, all the stakeholders have to be
considered at that time. For this a technique known as stakeholder analysis is used (Koda-Kimble
and Young, 2016). It is helpful in identification of key stakeholders and the effect on it during
the decision making. TNT Company is planning to adopt Growth Strategy in their business. It
will not only help them to expand but it will also ensure profitability in the company. In order to
incorporate this strategy in the business TNT has to identify its major stakeholder. For them
employees, customers and the community are the key groups (Longoni and Cagliano, 2015). The
next step is anticipate the influence on them if the company adopts to growth strategy. The
influence could be positive or negative. Finally, they have to develop plans for successful
implementation of the strategy (Ferreira, 2013). The biggest advantage of stakeholder analysis is
that the management gets the opinion of all the key stakeholders for a particular plan. This will
ensure quality as well as increased support for the decision. Furthermore, gaining support from
the most important stakeholder allows an organisation to gain more resources. This technique
would help TNT to implement the new strategy in the organisation (Ritter and Gemünden, 2004).
They would understand the benefits of the project and the reason behind adopting it is also
communicated to them. The company would also be able to anticipate the reaction of different
people towards the project. These stakeholders can be compelled to support the growth strategy.
Some of the people in the organisation has the power to block a particular project and if such
situation arises for TNT then the whole business would fail (Al-Ansaari and et.al., 2014). A
9

company cannot continue its operations without he support of different people associated with it.
There has to be sustainable development in the organisation. They cannot afford to lose the
growth opportunity of the business just to keep the stakeholders happy. There has to be a proper
balance between the objectives of the company and the stakeholders (Mozaffarian, 2016). The
growth strategy is essential for them and it is not adopted then the competitors would take the
advantage of it.
New strategy for TNT
There are many strategies which are can be adopted by TNT to ensure its growth in the
long run. Their business has been growing at a rapid pace at the present moment but to ensure
that the same pace continues in the future they have to bring changes in the company. To resolve
this issue Ansoff matrix can be used (Okereke and Küng, 2013). This technique provides
alternative growth strategies keeping in mind the present and potential growth opportunities of
the company. There are four possible strategies that TNT can choose from. The best strategy for
them would be Market Development. This would allow them to grow and expand their business
in different parts of the world (Wagner and Svensson, 2014). It is already a global company as
such this strategy would be suitable for them. It will also help them in gaining the competitive
edge that is longing for. The low revenues in one region can be compensated by high revenue
from the other area. Furthermore, the quality and price would also become competitive because
10
Illustration 3: Stakeholder Analysis
(Stakeholder Analysis, 2015)

of large scale operations. It will also open up doors for the company to have collaboration with
other successful local business in a particular nation (Winnard and et. al., 2014). They already
have the reputation of maintaining the same level of services around the globe. Market
Development would give them more market share and improve their brand name. It is difficult
for them to adopt other strategies as the product portfolio is limited to courier services. There are
already many other companies like FedEx and DHL who are in the same business. TNT is in
B2B business and they can expand by including direct customer services (Lin and et.al., 2013).
Both the business lie under the same segment so they won't be needing much of investment. The
countries like China and Brazil should be targeted by the company. The have been dominant
company in Europe and has the highest market share as well. So the best strategy for them is to
use Ansoff matrix and find out different ways to expand their business. There is better growth
perspective in the global market and many parts of the world has not been explored.
Alternative strategies
The alternative strategy that TNT Company can adopt is entering into new market. The
biggest problem for courier companies is product limitation. They don't have lot of products in
their portfolio. It would be better for them to adopt this strategy for their future. Recently, the
company has introduced PharmaSafe which is a specialised service (Doole and Lowe, 2008). It
offers transport of pharmaceuticals in a temperature controlled environment. Similarly they have
to find new potential business in which the company can expand. The business is already facing
lot of competition form its rivals. The growth rate has also slowed down in Europe so it would
give them new dimension in the business. TNT has lack of opportunity to grow in the courier
service as it is already a market leader as such this would help them (Åkerman, 2014). They can
also enter into collaboration with other business entities which would reduce their risk to a great
extent. The other strategies like limited growth and retrenchment strategy is not recommended to
them. TNT has large share in the market as such limited growth would cause lot of problems to
them (Panicker and Manimala, 2015). The retrenchment strategy has to be adopted only in the
stage of economic recession, recession, tough competition and inefficiency. In these stages a
company can resort to asset reduction, revenue generation and cost reduction strategies. Both of
these aspects of growth would cause the company to lose the business that they are doing. So the
only option for them is market entry. The existing business has to be continued and it should be
their core business (Nuntamanop and et.al., 2013). Other business opportunities needs to be
11

accessed which has good future development chances. In present global scenario, many
companies are investing in other businesses. They believe that if the core business faces trouble
in its operations then the other secondary business can support it. But before investing in other
industry it would be better for TNT to make sure that the particular business has future growth
potential. The inclusion of PharmaSafe is also a step by the company in trying out different
service apart from regular business operations (TNT Express launches PharmaSafe, 2016). The
company has lot of opportunities to grow they just need to plan it in a proper manner.
Justification
The market entry strategy is the best alternative for TNT company as it gives them more
dimension in the market. They have been excellent in their existing business. The strategies and
plans have been successful for them (Koda-Kimble and Young, 2016). The management has the
capability to find new niches of the business. The courier business has some environmental
threats and future it could become very big. Even if the business fail the other business can
support it financially. They already have operational excellence and exception customer
relationship. This would further accommodate the new business that the company is about to
start (Schrager and Madansky, 2013). Furthermore, they have good business relation with the
many corporate entities. This would also help the new business to grow. The company's strategy
has already been awarded as exceptional and the this would attract potential business groups. So
overall the company has been excellent in their business and to ensure that the overall
organisation remain profitable they have to diversify (Few and Few, 2013). TNT company does
not produce goods as a result they have their own limitation in the product portfolio that they
have. Market entry serves all the needs of the company and they would get better chances of
survival in the market. They also have the required resources like human resource, financial,
labour, knowledge, technology etc which can be used to start up a new venture.
Assess the roles and responsibilities of personnel who are charged with strategy implementation
In order to implement the market entry strategy in Brazil, the personnel play a very
crucial role. Hence the members of TNT have different roles and responsibilities to play in this
domain. These have been defined in the below mentioned table.
Members in the project team of
implementing the new strategy
Roles and responsibilities
Top level management  for setting a good work culture so that
12

strategies can be implemented in TNT in the
best possible manner
 Deciding over operating plans as
appropriate so as to allow a successful
strategic implementation.
 Formulate aim and objective for strategies
that are in tune with mission and vision
statement of TNT.
 Monitoring and reviewing of the strategies.
 The management should further motivate
the bottom level employees for successful
implementation of market entry in Brazil.

middle level management  Taking operational decisions with respect to
Communication, planning and control.
 Making appropriate decisions with respect
to strategy implementation.
 Communicating roles and responsibilities to
the employees who are involved in
strategies.
 Managing, controlling and reviewing the
process of strategic management as
suggested by senior employees.
 Measuring success of strategic
implementation process undertaken by TNT
management.
lower level management  Implementing strategies by allocating task
to employees present in their respective
department of TNT
 Identifying the loopholes that exist in the
process of strategic implementation.
13

 Communicating the issues to higher
management of TNT.
 To have full faith in the employees so that
market entry to Brazil can be carried out
successfully.
 Involve key employees through group
consensus so that strategy of market entry in
Brazil can be employed in successful
manner.
 Responsible for completing tasks that have
been allocated by lower level management
of TNT to them.
business partners  They play a key role in financing the overall
strategic management plan that is being
implemented in TNT.
Consultant  These people can give valuable suggestions
as to how the market entry can be carried in
Brazil.
Analyse the estimated resource requirements for implementing the new strategy for TNT
The proper implementation of proposed strategy being market entry by Brazil in TNT
Can only be made possible when there is a presence of proper resources. These have been
discussed below;
Human resources – Employees form the biggest assets for any company as far as new
strategy implementation is of concern. In order to implement the proposed strategy in Brazil the
need is to implement experiences human resources (Priego and et.al, 2014). They should further
have good knowledge about the economic as well as environmental conditions of Brazil. If
possible proper training should also be provided to the team members so that they can implement
the proposed strategies in a successful manner. The company should further carry out new hiring
so as to develop competencies as per the proposed strategy(Wagner and Svensson, 2014). Along
with this, company can use various performance appraisals, motivational theories, training and
14

development activities for increasing motivation and confidence level of the workers. This will
help the firm in improving its performance and market position.
Financial – TNT should further arrange for sufficient funds in order to implement the
strategies in successful manner. The funds can be in form of bank loan, owner’s capital, venture
capital among others (Few and Few, 2013). The company should also develop an idea about the
forthcoming expenses so that finances can be arranged well on time by the top level management
of TNT. These techniques will help the company in proper allocation and utilisation of the
resources.
Technical – the company in order to implement its market entry strategy requires
technical resources in form of channels of marketing and communication(Baddache and Nicolai,
2013). The company may further require email facility so that the strategic plan can be
communicated to employees. Along with this, TNT requires information and communication
technique (ICT) for improving the communication between its employees and making their work
more effective and efficient (Mozaffarian, 2016). On the other hand, firm can use Customer
Relationship Management system (CRM) for maintaining its relations with the customers. This
will keep the firm in touch with its users and also help in better understanding of their
expectations and needs.
Physical – There is further a need of physical resources for TNT so as to ensue towards
successful strategic implementation in Brazil. These are in form of setting an office in Brazil,
taking a building or premises for the same, deciding on furniture & fitting, lighting, stationery
and telephone among others (Koda-Kimble and Young, 2016).
SMART objectives
For achieving the above explained SMART targets, TNT needs to follow the following
steps:
SMART targets will help TNT in effective achievement of its objectives. With the help of these
targets, company will able to accomplish its objectives as per the requirement by using
appropriate strategies and processes (Doole and Lowe, 2008). The three SMART targets of the
organisation are as follows:
 To increase productivity by 5% till the end of 2016.
 To increasing training and development programmes for improving performance of the
workers by 10% till 2017.
15

 To enhancing use of technologies by 7% till mid of 2017.
These SMART objectives of TNT company will help in implementing the new strategy.
For example, if the organization has developed a strategy of increase number of services in the
different areas. By setting of SMART objective , firm will able to achieve it within the given
time frame. The evaluation process shows that TNT company has increase the number of
services in the different areas with effective manner. Along with this this, it has increased the
organization market share in domestic and international market. But the negative aspect of this
is enterprise has not conducted a proper market research with unable the firm to understand the
needs of the customers.
RECOMMENDATIONS
TNT has been growing at a good pace and it is essential for them to maintain the
competitive edge in the market. In order to accomplish this they can implement following
changes:
 Include B2C services in their product portfolio. This will give them more market.
 Maintaining the same level of services worldwide
 Adapt to the changing environment by altering the strategies ans plans according to it
(Mozaffarian, 2016).
 Focus on more customer engagement.
 Improve efficiency by giving more training sessions to the employees.
 Increase market share in other countries as well (Few and Few, 2013).
 Improve efficiency and performance in all the business operations.
CONCLUSION
Current research project has conducted internal and external environment analysis which
have reflected that TNT business has strong capabilities in managing available resources. From
the research, it has also identified that how business mission, visions, objectives, goals and core
competencies has helped in making the strategic plans. There have factors which has to
considered by the company during the formulation of strategic plans. With the help of the
various techniques, TNT company has able to developed strategic business tactics. By using
external and internal environment audit, management has planned the effective strategies. Along
with this, diversification is one of the appropriate strategy for improving business. Regarding
this, TNT needs to use a new market entry strategy in international market such as China and
16

Beijing. As per the current study, top, lower and middle management, employees and business
partners of TNT will play an essential role in implementation of market entry strategy. For
implementing this strategy organization needs to make appropriate arrangement of financial,
human resources and technology resources.
17

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Åkerman, N., 2014. An international learning typology: strategies and outcomes for
internationalizing firms. Baltic Journal of Management. 9(4). pp.382 – 402
Al-Ansaari, Y., Bederr, H. and Chen, C., 2015. Strategic orientation and business performance:
An empirical study in the UAE context. Management Decision. 53(10). pp.2287 – 2302
Aversa, P. and et.al., 2015. From Business Model to Business Modelling: Modularity and
Manipulation, in Charles Baden-Fuller Business Models and Modelling. Advances in
Strategic Management. pp.151 – 185
Baddache, F. and Nicolai, I., 2013. Follow the leader: how corporate social responsibility
influences strategy and practice in the business community. Journal of Business Strategy.
34(6). pp.26 – 35
Dameron, S. and Durand, T., 2013. Strategies for business schools in a multi‐polar world.
Education + Training. 55(4/5). pp.323 – 335
Doole, I. and Lowe, R., 2008. International Marketing Strategy: Analysis, Development and
Implementation, 5th ed. Cengage Learning EMEA.
Ferreira, J., 2013. Business strategy – applications and advancing tools. Management Decision.
51(7).
Few, W. and Few, M., 2013. Using the repertory grid technique to surface strategic planning
assumptions. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal. 23(2). pp.114
– 130
Koda-Kimble, M.A. and Young, L.Y., 2016. Applied Therapeutics: Clinical Use of Drugs.
Springer.
Lin, M. and et.al., 2013. Regional strategies for developing emerging industries of strategic
importance in China. Journal of Science and Technology Policy in China. 4(1). pp.20 –
35
Longoni, A. and Cagliano, R., 2015. Environmental and social sustainability priorities: Their
integration in operations strategies. International Journal of Operations and Production
Management. 35(2). pp.216 – 245
18

Mozaffarian, D. and et.al., 2016. Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—
2016 Update A Report From the American Heart Association.Circulation. 133(4).
pp.447-454.
Nuntamanop, P. and et.al., 2013. A new model of strategic thinking competency. Journal of
Strategy and Management. 6(3). pp.242 – 264
Okereke, C. and Küng, K., 2013. Climate policy and business climate strategies: EU cement
companies’ response to climate change and barriers against action. Management of
Environmental Quality: An International Journal. 24(3). pp.286 – 310
Panicker, S. and Manimala, M., 2015. Successful turnarounds: the role of appropriate
entrepreneurial strategies. Journal of Strategy and Management. 8(1). pp.21 – 40
Priego, A. and et.al., 2014. Business failure: incidence of stakeholders’ behaviour. Academia
Revista Latinoamericana de Administración. 27(1). pp.75 – 91
Ritter, T. and Gemünden, H. G., 2004. The impact of a company's business strategy on its
technological competence, network competence and innovation success. Journal of
business research. 57(5). pp. 548-556.
Robbins, L., 2016. Essay on the nature and significance of economic science. Springer.
Santos, J. and Baptista, C., 2015. Business interaction between competitors – towards a model
for analyzing strategic alliances. IMP Journal. 9(3). pp.286 – 299
Schrager, J. and Madansky, A., 2013. Behavioral strategy: a foundational view. Journal of
Strategy and Management. 6(1). pp.81 – 95
Wagner, B. and Svensson, G., 2014. A framework to navigate sustainability in business
networks: The transformative business sustainability (TBS) model. European Business
Review. 26(4). pp.340 – 367
Winnard, J. and et. al., 2014. Surviving or flourishing? Integrating business resilience and
sustainability. Journal of Strategy and Management. 7(3). pp.303 – 315
Online
How to do SWOT. 2016. [Online] Available through: <http://pestleanalysis.com/how-to-do-a-
swot-analysis/>. [Accessed on 2 April 2016].
PESTLE Analysis. 2016. [Online] Available through: <http://pestleanalysis.com/internal-factors-
affect-business-organization/>. [Accessed on 2 April 2016].
19

SPACE Analysis. 2011. [Online] Available through:
<http://www.differentiateyourbusiness.co.uk/space-analysis-strategic-position-and-action-
evaluation-matrix>. [Accessed on 2 April 2016].
TNT Express launches PharmaSafe. 2016. [Online] Available through:
<http://www.tnt.com/corporate/en/data/press/2012/01/tnt-express-launches-
pharmasafe.html>. [Accessed on 2 April 2016].
20

21