Globalization and International Business

The provided text consists of various references to academic articles, books, and online sources related to globalization and international business. The content discusses topics such as service multinationals, corporate social responsibility, and retail globalization, among others. It appears to be a collection of resources for a student assignment or research project, potentially focusing on the impact of globalization in different fields and industries.

Research Project

Table of Contents
Title: The impact of globalisation on different functions of multinational organisation.................4
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
1.1 Overview of nature of project...........................................................................................4
1.2 Research aims and objectives...........................................................................................4
1.3 Rationale of research........................................................................................................4
1.4 Activities and time scale...................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................8
2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................8
2.2 Literature Review.............................................................................................................8
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS.......................................................................................11
3.1 Research approaches......................................................................................................11
3.2 Methodologies................................................................................................................11
CHAPTER 4: DATA COLLECTION AND DATA ANALYSIS................................................14
4.1 Data collection................................................................................................................14
4.2 Data analysis, presentation and discussion.....................................................................14
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.....................................................20
5.1 Conclusion......................................................................................................................20
5.2 Recommendation............................................................................................................20
CHAPTER 6: PERSONAL REFLECTIVE STATEMENT..........................................................21
6.1 Reflect on research method used in project....................................................................21
6.2 Consider research method that could have been used....................................................21
6.3 Areas for further research...............................................................................................21
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................22

Title: The impact of globalisation on different functions of multinational
organisation
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview of nature of project
Globalisation is considered as one of the main factor in developing economy of international
market. It provides access to organisations in reaching their potential customers more easily. It
has a significant impact on marketing activities of multinational companies by distributing their
products across international boundaries, more effectively (Chatterjee, 2013). In context with
Tesco, it is one of the largest retailer company of UK that deals both in clothing and food
industry. It operates business in more than 11 countries and offer products by both online and
offline procedures. As globalisation leads to increase competition that results in increasing
demand of customers to get best products on affordable prices. Therefore, it would give
advantage to Tesco in marketing its business more effectively.
1.2 Research aims and objectives
Research aim:
“To analyse the impact of globalisation on marketing functions of multinational
corporations” A case study on Tesco.
Research objective:
 To understand the importance of globalisation in retail industry
 To identify the impact of globalisation on marketing functions of Tesco
 To examine the challenges faced by Tesco in marketing its products due to globalisation.
1.3 Rationale of research
The main purpose of this research is to understand the impact of globalization on global
marketing strategies of multinational companies. For this purpose, Tesco has been chosen that
operates its business in many countries and faces various challenges due to globalisation. This
study will aid researchers in improving their knowledge on given topic, which proves beneficial
in completing future projects more effectively.
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1.4 Activities and time scale
In order to conduct a study on globalisation and its impact on marketing strategies of
Tesco, researchers have made a proper plan. It describes activities which are needed to be
completed in a fixed time period. It includes the following main activities:-
Task Name Duration Start Finish Resource Names
Identifying title of study 15 days 01/02/19 15/02/2019
Problem statement 18 days 15/02/19 9/3/2019
Setting deadlines 4 days 12/03/19 16/03/19
Literature review 5 days 19/02/19 24/03/19 Books, Journals,
Internet and articles
Selecting techniques for
research 5 days 26/03/19 31/03/19
Determining Budget 4 days 02/04/19 06/04/19
Data Interpretation and analysis 13 days 09/04/2019 22/04/19 Questionnaires
Evaluating results and findings 8 days 10/04/2019 18/04/19
Presenting conclusion and
recommendations 7 days 16/04/2019 23/04/19
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Documenting results 3 days 23/04/2019 26/04/19
Submission of report 16 days 14/04/2019 30/04/19
ACTIVITES WEEK
1
WEEK
2
WEEK
3
WEEK
4
WEEK
5
WEEK
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WEEK
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WEEK
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WEEK
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WEEK
1 0
Identifying title
of study
Problem
statement and
select the
company with
tutor
Setting deadlines,
red about Sony
Literature review
Selecting
techniques for
research
Determining
Budget
Data
Interpretation
and analysis
Evaluating
results and
findings
Presenting
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conclusion and
recommendations
Documenting
results
Submission of
report
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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Literature review refers to most important part of a research where secondary information
is make new conceptual theory. Here, different authors’ point of view is analysed to address the
specific issues of research on given topic (Shum, Yeung and Wong, 2014). In context with
present research, some scholarly articles and journals are used to understand the concept of
globalisation.
2.2 Literature Review
Importance of globalisation in retail industry:
As per the article given by Nancy Chisolm (2012), it has been analysed that due to
globalisation, companies that deal in retail industry gain various advantages (The globalisation of
Retail, 2012). It includes increasing capitalising to improve brand image at international market
and enhancing customer experience to improve loyalty. Due to globalisation, competition in
retail market has much increased, which provides benefits to Tesco in offering its products on
different price rates (Coe and Lee, 2013). Along with this, it also gives opportunity to marketing
department of respective company in reaching its potential customers more easily. As
globalisation is driven by technical developments, new marketing trends and ethical values.
Therefore, it assists retailers to change their global strategies and adopt new methods for
increasing shopping experience of customers.
Impact of globalisation on marketing functions of Tesco
According to Eric Dontigney (2019), it has been evaluated that globalisation refers to a
process of interconnecting entire world with each other, due to increase in trade and retail
operations (The causes of globalisation in marketing, 2019). It refers to reduce the barrier which
prevent trading across countries and transferring of knowledge and business ideas for promoting
businesses. Therefore, it has a significant impact on marketing activities of multinational
organisations that operates business at global level (Miozzo, Yamin and Ghauri, 2012). In
context with Tesco, as it operates business in more than 11 countries and offer products like
trending clothes and accessories worldwide. Therefore, globalisation give opportunities in
framing effective global marketing strategies to reach potential customers. It includes:
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 Technological advancement: Due to technological advancement, it becomes easy for
Tesco to marketing its products more easily at international platform. Here, it can use
different technologies like cloud computing, AI and other to identify latest trends of
global market and make competitors analysis too (Coe and Wrigley, 2017). This would
help in marketing business and improving brand image more appropriately.
 Global Communication: It includes social media sites, e-commerce and various
distribution channels that aid to increase communication among multinational companies
and their potential customers in international market. Here, marketing department of
Tesco gain opportunity to understand preference and demand of customers in clothing
segment and develop strategies accordingly to satisfy the same.
 Capital mobility: The ability to find and secure financing from a variety of source is the
major opportunity of globalisation (Alejandra, 2013). In this regard, Tesco gain
advantage to access foreign funding and become capable to marketing business more
effectively.
Challenges of globalisation:
According to the article given by Mai Tran (2015), it has been evaluated that apart from
various benefits, globalisation also create various challenges for multinational companies
(Global retail: The Biggest Challenges to Overcome when selling internationally, 2015). In
context with retail industry, some problems faced by Tesco in marketing its products at global
level are given as below:-
 Cultural complexities: In retail industry, one of the most challenging role for conducting
marketing functions at global level is diverse culture (Tombs and Whyte, 2015). Due to
cultural complexities, it becomes difficult for marketing team of Tesco to know
customers, their demands and preferences. This would impact directly on customer
loyalty and their engagement with business for longer period.
 Language barriers: As communication is essential to promote business at global market.
Therefore, inability to make interaction with international customers is also create barrier
in selling products for Tesco (MacKinnon and Cumbers, 2014).
 Laws and regulations: For conducting promotional activities it is essential for
corporations to adhere both host and international legislations. But as Tesco operate
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business in many countries therefore, adherence of laws of all nations seems to be much
difficult.
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CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS
Research methodology defines as a set of specific techniques which are used for gathering,
analysing and interpreting the study on a given topic. It includes research approaches,
philosophies, data collection and analysis methods etc.
3.1 Research approaches
It refers to a plan or procedure that consist of two main approaches for conducting a study.
It includes inductive and deductive approaches where, inductive approach is used to create a
conceptual framework for gathering and analysing a data, in qualitative manner (Davoine and
Ravasi, 2013). While, deductive approach emphasis more on nature of study and aimed at testing
different theory in numerical way. In context with present study, inductive approach is used to
gather specific information about globalisation within literature review part.
3.2 Methodologies
It defines strategy which are being adopted by researchers for conducting the research in a
specific manner. It includes qualitative and quantitative research that concerns on gathering
reliable information on a given topic (Blowfield and Murray, 2014). Here, in quantitative
research, data is analysed in numerical form by using various statistical techniques. While, in
qualitative research, theoretical information is gathered.
Sampling: It refers to process to select respondents from a large group of population either
randomly or non-randomly. For this process, it provides three main techniques as simple random
sampling, stratified sampling and cluster sampling (Miozzo, Yamin and Ghauri, 2012). Here, in
present research simple random sampling has been used to collect primary data by selecting the
candidates on random basis from 100 group of population.
Data analysis: it is the process of systematically analyzing the primary and secondary data
of a research by using appropriate techniques. Here, literature review method is used for
analyzing secondary information which is extracted from various books and journals. While,
statistical method is used to interpreted the primary information.
Cost, access and ethical consideration: In order to conduct a study, it is essential for
researchers to examine how much cost it will require, to complete each and every activity. For
present research, near about 12k Euro is required for gathering information on globalization.
Similarly, project makers also need to consider ethics while investigating a report. By ethical
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consideration, they can collect more reliable information as well as reduce chance of unethical
practices also (Salomon, 2016).
In context with present research, for gathering primary data on globalisation and its impact
on marketing activities of Tesco, researchers have taken a sample of 20 respondents from
company’s stakeholders. For this purpose, they have framed a questionnaire that covers each
objective of research in following manner:
QUESTIONNAIRE
1.) Do you think that globalisation drives business of retailers successfully in
international market?
Frequency
 Yes 15
 No 5
2.) Does globalisation create a significant impact on marketing function of
Tesco?
Frequency
 Yes 18
 No 2
3.) What are the main benefits of globalisation gained by Tesco? Frequency
 Technological advancement 7
 Global communication 7
 Capital mobility 6
4.) What will be the major challenges faced by Tesco in marketing its
business at global level?
Frequency
 Cultural complexities 8
 Language barrier 8
 Adherence of different laws and legislations 4
5.) According to you, what are the essential elements of successful retailing
for Tesco?
Frequency
 Well organised re-owned brand 7
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 Alternate market strategy 8
 Innovative approach 5
6.) Which is the most appropriate strategy Tesco can use to overcome from
challenges of globalisation?
Frequency
 Increase diversity in business 8
 Develop global strategy 6
 Increase online and offline presence of business 6
7.) Provide some recommendation to Tesco in improving efficiencies of
marketing function to increase customer shopping experiences…
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CHAPTER 4: DATA COLLECTION AND DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 Data collection
This part of research entails techniques used by researchers for gathering data and
information on a given topic. It includes questionnaire, online and offline survey, etc. for
collection of primary data and books, journals and articles for secondary data (Brewster, Chung
and Sparrow, 2016). Here, questionnaire method has been used in present research for collecting
primary data.
4.2 Data analysis, presentation and discussion
Theme 1:
1.) Do you think that globalisation drives business of retailers
successfully in international market?
Frequency
 Yes 15
 No 5
Interpretation: It has been interpreted from this graphical representation that major portion of
respondents as 15 out of 20 believe that globalisation helps in increasing growth of retail sectors.
It provides various benefits like increasing trade, enhancing customer base, technological
advancement and more. While remaining 5 respondents didn’t believe on same because they
think that globalisation creates more challenges instead of opportunities for retailers.
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Theme 2:
2.) Does globalisation create a significant impact on marketing function
of Tesco?
Frequency
 Yes 18
 No 2
Interpretation: It has been interpreted from above figure that 18 respondents out of 20 thinks
that globalisation creates a significant impact on marketing functions of Tesco. It provides
various ways like technological advancement, competitive strategies and more, to reach potential
customers. While, remaining 2 respondents didn’t believe on same.
Theme 3:
3.) What are the main benefits of globalisation gained by Tesco? Frequency
 Technological advancement 7
 Global communication 7
 Capital mobility 6
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Interpretation: As per views of 7 respondents out of 20, it has been interpreted that
technological advancement is the most essential aspect of globalisation. It aid Tesco in marketing
its products more effectively. While other 7 users believe that through global communication, its
marketing team can develop effective interaction with loyal customers, to know their demand.
Other than this, rest of 6 respondents are in favour with concept of capital mobility.
Theme 4:
4.) What will be the major challenges faced by Tesco in marketing its
business at global level?
Frequency
 Cultural complexities 8
 Language barrier 8
 Adherence of different laws and legislations 4
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Interpretation: It has been interpreted from this figure as per views of 8 users out of 20, that
cultural complexities is the major barrier for Tesco in promoting its business. While other 8 users
concerns more on language barrier and remaining 4 towards adherence of international business
laws that impact on trading the products.
Theme 5:
5.) According to you, what are the essential elements of successful
retailing for Tesco?
Frequency
 Well organised re-owned brand 7
 Alternate market strategy 8
 Innovative approach 5
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Interpretation: In order to gain efficiency of business in international market, it is necessary for
Tesco to concern on successful retailing elements. In this regard, its innovative approaches,
alternate market strategy and well organised re-owned brand are the essential elements of Tesco,
which increase capabilities of business. It has been interpreted from above mentioned figure that
7 out of 20 respondents believe that selling products of own brand name is successful factor of
Tesco, to gain competitive advantage. While other 8 respondents are in favour with alternative
marketing strategy and rest 5 towards innovative approaches for the same.
Theme 6:
6.) Which is the most appropriate strategy Tesco can use to overcome
from challenges of globalisation?
Frequency
 Increase diversity in business 8
 Develop global strategy 6
 Increase online and offline presence of business 6
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Interpretation: As per feedback of 8 users out of 20, it has been interpreted that developing
diversity in business aid Tesco to overcome from challenges of globalisation. While 6
respondents give advice to develop more effective global strategy and other for increasing
presence of business for the same.
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CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
It has been concluded from this research that globalisation helps companies in moving
their business across other countries more effectively. It provides various opportunities to
multinational corporations in marketing their products in international marketplace. It includes
technological advancement for understanding new trends of global market, communication
process for understanding preferences of customers and more. But apart from this, language
barriers, cultural differences, rules and regulations are considered as major challenges for retail
industries that occur due to globalisation,
5.2 Recommendation
As globalisation impact directly on marketing activities of retail industry therefore, in
context with Tesco, it is recommended to its management to concern on following main points:
 Developing alternative marketing strategy: By developing alternative strategies like
franchising the business helps in speeding up the internationalisation in business. This
would help in making adherence of legal compliance of market where Tesco wants to
marketing its products.
 Increasing diversity at workplace: Giving employment to employees of other countries
having different culture, helps in reducing language barrier in understanding the
preference of customers, for Tesco. This would also lead to make effective interaction
with loyal customers for promoting business more effectively.
 Make ideal partnership: The choices of partners as well as contract agreement are
considered as vital to meet objectives of business for global companies. Here, trade-off
in agreement of joint venture refers to a key international partner that gets new market
access through knowledge of local partner. Therefore, it is recommended to Tesco to
make agreement with local partners across nations in order to get access to new retail
formats of international retailers related to product range and management skills.
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CHAPTER 6: PERSONAL REFLECTIVE STATEMENT
6.1 Reflect on research method used in project
For collecting data and adequate amount of information, I have used a number of primary
and secondary methods. Here, for collecting secondary information I have used some books and
scholarly articles of experts to get their views on globalisation. While questionnaire method has
been used to take feedback of company’s stakeholders of Tesco to get primary data.
6.2 Consider research method that could have been used
In order to make more effective investigation about the impact of globalisation on retailing
operations, I can use another method of primary and secondary data collection. It includes
government census report and personal blogs of retailers for gathering secondary information.
While face to face interview method to get instant response of chosen respondents of Tesco
about the concept of globalisation.
6.3 Areas for further research
For understanding how globalisation helps retailers in growing their business and impact on
other main functions like Human Resource, Finance, Operation management and more, I need to
conduct more study on this concept. It leads to increase my knowledge in the field of
globalisation and give me opportunity to complete future project in more effective manner.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Blowfield, M. and Murray, A., 2014. Corporate responsibility. Oxford University Press.
Brewster, C., Chung, C. and Sparrow, P., 2016. Globalizing human resource management.
Routledge.
Salomon, R., 2016. The Impact of National Institutions on Globalization. In Global Vision (pp.
35-48). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
Miozzo, M., Yamin, M. and Ghauri, P.N., 2012. Strategy and structure of service multinationals
and their impact on linkages with local firms. The Service Industries Journal. 32(7).
pp.1171-1191.
Davoine, E. and Ravasi, C., 2013. The relative stability of national career patterns in European
top management careers in the age of globalisation: A comparative study in
France/Germany/Great Britain and Switzerland. European Management Journal. 31(2).
pp.152-163.
MacKinnon, D. and Cumbers, A., 2014. Introduction to economic geography: globalization,
uneven development and place. Routledge.
Tombs, S. and Whyte, D., 2015. The corporate criminal: Why corporations must be abolished.
Routledge.
Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez, M., 2013. Corporate social responsibility and international business:
A conceptual overview. In International business, sustainability and corporate social
responsibility (pp. 1-35). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Coe, N.M. and Wrigley, N., 2017. Towards new economic geographies of retail
globalization. The new Oxford handbook of economic geography, pp.427-446.
Miozzo, M., Yamin, M. and Ghauri, P.N., 2012. Strategy and structure of service multinationals
and their impact on linkages with local firms. The Service Industries Journal. 32(7).
pp.1171-1191.
Coe, N.M. and Lee, Y.S., 2013. ‘We’ve learnt how to be local’: the deepening territorial
embeddedness of Samsung–Tesco in South Korea. Journal of Economic Geography. 13(2).
pp.327-356.
Shum, P.K., Yeung, R.W. and Wong, J.F.K., 2014. Globalization and the role of multinational
corporations. In International Economic Development (pp. 76-101). Routledge.
Chatterjee, D., 2013. FDI-A way to Economic Development in Post-Globalization Era. Research
Bulletin. 38. pp.46-55.
Online
The globalisation of Retail. 2012. [Online] Available Through:<
https://www.chainstoreage.com/news/globalization-retail/ >.
The causes of globalisation in marketing. 2019. [Online] Available Through:<
https://smallbusiness.chron.com/causes-globalization-marketing-70664.html>.
Global retail: The Biggest Challenges to Overcome when selling internationally. 2015. [Online]
Available Through:< https://www.cpcstrategy.com/blog/2015/04/global-retail-biggest-
challenges-overcome-selling-internationally/>.
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