Consequences of Workplace Discrimination on Equality and Diversity in Organization
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This research focuses on analyzing the impact of workplace discrimination on the equality and diversity in organizations, with a case study of Paddington court hotel. It discusses the research aims, objectives, and questions related to workplace discrimination and its consequences.
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ABSTRACT The main aim of present research is to analyses impact of workplace discrimination on the performance of employees. It has also discussed about how not developing equal and diverse culture has lower down the productivity of employees. It has been analyzed that increase in workplace discrimination has reduced down productivity of employees. It has also increased employee turnover and because of this the hospitality organization is in situation of crisis. They have been going through really difficult stage. In the present report discussion related to importance of having diverse culture is also being done. It has been analyzed that in organization the promotion of workers is not been done on skills and capabilities of employees. It has also been analyzed that leaders in organization are biased which has led to lower morale values. 1
Table of Contents ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................1 TOPIC..............................................................................................................................................3 Title..............................................................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 Rationale......................................................................................................................................4 Significance.................................................................................................................................4 LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................5 DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS...................................................................................................7 RESULTS......................................................................................................................................18 REFLECTION...............................................................................................................................18 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................19 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................20 APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................21 2
TOPIC Title To analyse consequences of workplace discrimination affecting the equality and diversity in organization: A case study of Paddington court hotel” INTRODUCTION Equality is basically about ensuring that everyone is provided with equal rights and opportunities. Diversity basically means that people from all religion, culture, colour race are recruited in organisation. Diverse culture is useful for enhancing productivity of an organisation. Workplace discrimination means that equal opportunities are not being given to employees even when they are deserving or capable. Present report will lay emphasis on Paddington court hotel whoareinvolvedinprovidingexquisiteservicestoguestsandtravellers.Hospitality organisation is headquartered in United Kingdom. Currently organisation is being suffering from issues related to workplace discrimination and it has lower down the job satisfaction level of employees. Present report will lay emphasis on the various research methods and approaches used. It will also lay focus on the initial literature review searched. Research aim “To analyse consequences of workplace discrimination affecting the equality and diversity in organization” Research objectives To analyse the impact of workplace discrimination in organization To assess the issues which can be developed because of workplace discrimination To evaluate the benefits of equality and diversity in the Paddington court hotel To analyse the ways through workplace discrimination can be reduced. Research questions What are the impacts of workplace discrimination in organization? What are the issues which can be developed because of workplace discrimination? What are the benefits of equality and diversity in the Paddington court hotel? What are the ways through workplace discrimination can be reduced? Rationale The main objective of carrying out present research is to analyse the impact of workplace discrimination on job performance of employees. It contributes to the existing human resource 3
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management literature by highlighting the importance of equality and diversity. Currently employeesofPaddingtoncourthotelaresufferingfromissuesrelatedtoworkplace discrimination which has lower down their motivational level(Noor and Shaker, 2017). It has been analysed that this issue has increased employee turnover in organisation and various conflict can also be seen in the firm. Equal chances are not being given to deserving candidates which has resulted in lowering down of productivity and efficiency of employees. In Paddington court hotel they have also being facing issues related to low employee morale because of workplace discrimination. Employees has also faced the problem that performance appraisals are not based on how employees act in firm. There is internal politics going on in this situation too. So, this paper is really important to be discussed. Significance This topic is highly important as implementing equality and diversity in organisation is necessary in order to enhance motivation level of employees. Giving equal chances to every employee irrespective of their religion, background, colour can have positive impact on growth of company. Diverse culture can assist in increasing the productivity and operational efficiency. This can also assist them in increasing brand reputation of organisation(Plickert and Sterling, 2017). LITERATURE REVIEW Theme 1: Impact of workplace discrimination in organization Workplace discrimination has several negative impacts on the overall performance of the company. According to the Yu and Lee, (2019) workplace discrimination or unfair treatment with employees because of their gender, age and different background cultural lowers their morale. When employees feel discriminated within an organization then they find problems in focusing on their work. For more supporting this view Kulaš Mirosavljević and Matinjanin, (2020) stated that workplace discrimination lowers productivity and performance of employees because they are less likely to focus on their work and support company in accomplishing their goals. It is also stated that workplace discrimination or unfair treatment with employees within an organization does not only have physical impacts but also have negative impacts. It leads to anxiety, depression, and loss of self control. Sometimes employees attempt to suicide when they are being discriminated even after performing all functions in an effective manner only because of their gender, culture, age and experience. 4
Sarwar and Muhammad, (2020) argued and said that as per them workplace discrimination when employers do no treat their all employees in a fair manner then it affects image of the company because employees are more likely to leave organization. Increasing rate of employees turnover rate affect overall productivity and image of the company because employees give negative comments and feedbacks that have negative impacts on people. on contrary side Boone, (2020) said that employers or colleagues who bully other colleagues only because of their gender, age and other factors then it leads to poor self rated health, increases psychological distress as well as poor mental functioning over time. In addition, it is also found that employees who become victim of discrimination at workplace find problems in interacting with their co-workers even to those who are not causing discrimination to them. It affects their relation with all people. Poor relation with others or co-workers at workplace leads to poor performance and anxiety. They also face problems in maintaining balance between social and professional life. They also do not take part in Jovial conversation and interacting with co-workers in an effective manner On the other hand, Roscigno, (2019) said that workplace discrimination affect mental health of employees more than physical health Employees who experiences discrimination often deal with emotional issues. They start to doubt themselves and ask that why they are working here where they do not want to work. They also doubt on themselves and feel that they are not worth as per the requirements of their organization and their co-workers are more efficient than them. It lowers their morale and also affects their confidence. Due to lack of confidence they find problems in performing functions that lowers their performance or productivity. Panicker, Agrawal and Khandelwal, (2018) also said that discriminated employees at workplace are more likely to cannot mistakes and errors in their work due to lack of confidence and concentration, It affects image and sales of the company. Due to poor quality of products, customers are more likely to switch brand and it decreases chances of their competitive advantages opportunities. Theme 2: Issues which can be developed because of workplace discrimination Workplace discrimination creates several problems for company. According to the view of Krishna and Kim, (2020) workplace discrimination creates barriers in the path of their success and in employing skilled workforce. Job refusal by skilled candidates is one of the main issues of workplace discrimination which companies have to face. For hotels it is important to satisfy needs of their guests and it can only be possible when they have skilled as well as loyal 5
workforce. Due to discrimination, employers find difficulties in making a pool of skilled workforce that leads to dissatisfaction among customers. Wang and et.al., (2020) argued and said that according to them workplace discrimination leads to conflicts among employees. Employers who give extra affection and attention to some employees and become biased create feelings of jealousy among other employees who are discriminated. This feeling leads to conflict among employees and create ineffective working environment. Cheung and et.al., (2016) also said that equality plays an important role as it has several positive impacts. For understanding negative impacts of discrimination there is requirement of understanding effectiveness of equality and diversity. Diversity and equality improve morale of employees, performance as well as overall productivity. By comparing discrimination with equality and diversity, they said that it also dissatisfies employees. They are less likely to stay with the company and also do not Support Company in accomplishing their goals Palmeira, (2017)alsosaidthatlackofsupportandretentionrateaffectoverallproductivityand performance. They find problems in focusing on their work which leads to poor quality of products. Because of poor brand image, customers also do not prefer to buy products which lowers sales. Paddington court hotel is famous for its qualitative services and it wants to know effectiveness of equality and diversity at workplace along with negative impacts of workplace discrimination. Brewster, (2019) argued and said that workplace discrimination creates several threats and it increases competition. For taking advantages of competition, employers require to provide qualitative products and services to customers and it is possible when employees are satisfied Rohden, (2019) also said that customers’ satisfaction is directly associated with employees’ satisfaction because satisfied employees are only responsible for attracting customers and increasingcustomerssatisfaction.So,duetolackofemployees’satisfactionitleadsto customers’ dissatisfaction. It affects image of hotel and they find problems in taking advantages of external opportunities. So, it can be said that companies of hospitality sector require focusing on equality and diversity. Diversity or equal treatment with employees makes them valued and motivated towards accomplishment of goals. Motivated employees are more likely to stay with the company, helping them out in their goals, achieving their vision and improve overall productivity. It is beneficial for both employees and employers as it provides them promotional and other external opportunities. They become loyal towards company and also try to satisfy 6
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customers and attract them towards buying products and company. Overall, it can be said that diversity has several positive impacts and workplace discrimination lowers productivity of the company. Theme 3: benefits of equality and diversity in the Paddington court hotel Equality and diversity can assist organization in enhancing loyalty of employees. It can assist in increasing their engagement towards firm. As stated by (Berrey, Nelson and Nielsen, (2017) there are various benefits of promoting culture of equality. Workers can be satisfied and also their job performance can be increased. They can become more creative and innovative when provided with equal opportunities. This can be beneficial for Paddington court hotel in growing and they will also be able to achieve their aims and set target. For this organization has to develop capabilities so that they can implement equality and diversity in workplace. Brand reputation of hospitality company can also be increased when they are involved in providing employees with equal chances to grow. Promotion needs to be done by company on performance of workers. This can increase trust among workers and is beneficial for growth of organization. Theme 4: analyse the ways through workplace discrimination can be reduced In the opinion ofDhanani, Beus and Joseph, (2018)there are various ways of lowering down workplace discrimination. Company can be involved in providing equal opportunities and chances to employees. This can also help them in increasing employee engagement and their loyalty. Promotions needs to be done on the basis of workers capabilities. As stated byRosenblat and et.al., (2017)performance appraisal approach for managing equality and diversity can be used. According toColella and King, (2018)findings racial and diversity audit can be done in order to reduce down the discrimination for racial groups. There should be no biasness on basis of gender. Women must be given with equal chances for growth.DeSouza, Wesselmann and Ispas, (2017)has founded that organisation faces higher turnover rate when their performances are being manipulated.Daniels and Thornton, (2020)in their study has founded that biased appraisals can affect on growth level of company too.Cheung and et.al., (2016)has said that employees in company feels that black people are less accepted in organisation. In order to overcome from this issue equal chances must be given and this can also assist company in increasing their brand reputation as well as value. 7
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research type:Research is being done in order to properly analyse and evaluate the data that has been collected. There are two types in this one is qualitative and other one is quantitative. In quantitative the discussion is related to numbers and statistics. They are basically been used to confirm theories and assumptions. It can include various methods such as observations, surveys with close ended questions. On the other hand, in qualitative research type everything can be expressed in theoretical form. It can be used in analysing various concepts and thoughts. Present report is based on qualitative research which can be useful in gaining in-depth understanding of the topic. Data collection:It means gathering information related to research topic to find solution of research problems. It consists of primary and secondary data. Secondary one is basically the collection of published data(Jones and et.al., 2017). It consists of books, journals, articles, company websites. This can be used for a broad study and researcher can make use of concepts that are already proven by someone else. It is really easy to collect secondary data. In primary data there is collection of unpublished and raw data. This method can be used for specific purpose study and researcher can have access to reliable and authentic data. In present situation primary data so that concepts and theories can be explained better. Research approach:It is a plan procedure in which various steps are involved for data collection and analysis. Inductive and deductive are two approaches to research. In deductive approach it begins from the theory and hypothesis is being developed from same. Then data is being collected to test those hypotheses. Inductive approach begins with empirical observations and then patterns are been discussed. In present study inductive is been selected as the nature of study is qualitative. Research design:It refers to the study which is being selected in order to combine different study in more logical way. Descriptive design is selected for the present research paper. It is been selected in order to describe the population in better way. This design is basically been used to analyses more than one variable (Mohajan, 2018). This is basically been used to identify characteristics and trends. This can be most appropriate design which can be selected for the qualitative study. Data analysis:It is a process of analyzing and extracting the useful information from the data which has been gathered. In this research paper thematic analysis is being used. It is been 8
selected as this analysis can be useful in organizing, describing and reporting themes. This can assist researcher in solving issues faced during the time of conducting study. Sampling:It is a statistical process which is used to analyses the performance of participants in study. Simple random sampling is selected in study, so that no biasness exists while conducting research. In this employee from Sainsbury’s has been selected based on their psychographic profile. They have been selected irrespective of their background and that too on random basis. Reliability and validity:The study conducted is reliable in nature. Information is been gathered from reliable and authentic websites and also from the published sources of classified authors (Ørngreen and Levinsen, 2017). Ethical consideration:The research was conducted in ethical way; participants were informed about that no harm can be caused to them while conducting of study. Respondents consent was been obtained before making them part of study. Honesty and integrity were maintained throughout study. Limitations of research:There were various issues in research, like there was limited access to authentic and reliable data. There were also lack of research on same topic from previousresearch.Lotsofissueswasbeenfacedforselectionofsample(Zangirolami- Raimundo, Echeimberg and Leone, 2018) . DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Theme 1: workplace discrimination in your company EmployeesNumber Yes27 No3 Total30 9
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Interpretation:From the above data it can be said that workplace discrimination exists in Paddington court hotel. It means that equal opportunities are not being provided to employees based on their caste, colour, religion and background. This has lower down morale of employees andhasalsoincreasedemployeeturnover.27employeeshaveagreedthatworkplace discrimination exists in their company. They feel like performance appraisal is not being done on basis of their abilities.This has made them stressed and also more employees has left the organisation. On the other hand, 3 employees do not feel that discrimination exists in their company. 10
Theme 2: workplace discrimination lowers your productivity EmployeesNumber Agree28 Disagree2 Total30 Interpretation:From the above bar graph it can eb summarised that workplace discrimination in Paddingtoncourthotelhaslowerdowntheproductivityandoperationaleffeciencyof employees. In this environment workers are less likely to work and are more involved in gossips and back biting. This has increased conflict and miss-understanding in organisation and many employees are leaving company. 28 workers has agreed that their productivity is being reduced down because of not been given with equal oppprtunities. They have low morale and are also not being creative enough. On the other hand 2 employees do not agree to same. 11
Theme 3: workplace discrimination has increased employee turnover EmployeesNumber Yes25 No5 Total30 Interpretation:From the above diagram, it can be interpretated that in Paddington court hotel workplace discrimination has increased employee turnover. This has also lower down the brand reputation of company. Organisational politics is also going on in company. Main reason behind workplace discrimination is ineffeciency of leaders. They have no proper skills and attributes to know about issues faced by employees in the organisation. This has increased turnover and also engagement of employees has been lower down. 25 employees have agreed to this and also they have low morale while working in company. 5 workers do not agree to this. 12
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Theme 4: employees are not being appraised on basis of their performance EmployeesNumber agree29 disagree1 Total30 Interpretation:From the above bar graph it can be concluded that employees feel that they are not being promoted on the basis of skills and abilities posses by them. They feel like promotion is being done for those who are favourite of leaders. This has increased workplace discrimination and also employees have a feeling that leaders are biased. This is the major reason that they tend to leave organisation. This has been agreed by 29 employees and they don’t feel like working in company. Only 1 worker do not feel the same. 13
Theme 5: workplace discrimination have lower down your morale EmployeesNumber Yes24 No6 Total30 Interpretation: From the above graph it can be concluded that workplace discrimination has lower down the mroale of employees. They have been ineffective in their working since then. It has also been analysed that their productivity and effeciency has been reduced because of not being given with equal chances. This has also led to that company is not being able to achieve their set target. 24 employees have agreed that they have low satisfaction level while working in Paddington court hotel. On the other hand 6 do not agree to same. 14
Theme 6: equality and diversity is important EmployeesNumber agree21 disagree9 Total30 Interpretation: From the above pie chart it has been summarised that workers of Paddingtom court hotel feels that equality and diversity is really important so that better opportunities is being provided to everyone. This can promote better culture in an organisation and they have also been able to be more productive. Implementing culture of equality can also increase brand reputation and this can lower down employee turnover in organisation. 21 employees have agreed that equality and diversity is important on the other hand 9 workers do not agree to above statement. 15
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Theme 7: workplace discrimination has reduce down brand reputation of company EmployeesNumber yes22 No8 Total30 Interpretation:From the above bar graph it can be summarised that workplace discrimination in Paddington court hotel has lower down their brand reputation as well as value. It has also been analysed that this has increased negativity in organisation and more talented employees tends to leave the company. This has resulted in increasing of employee turnover. It is also one of the major reason for that firm is not being able to be more innovative. This has increased conflict in firm. 22 employees has agreed that brand reputation is being reduced down. On the other hand 8 has not agreed to the same. 16
Theme 8: leaders are inefficient to develop a diverse culture EmployeesNumber yes23 No7 Total30 Interpretation: From the above graph it has been summarised that leaders are ineffective because of which the workplace discrimination has been increased. They have no effective knowledge and skills to implement equality and diversity. Also, leaders in Paddington court hotel is biased and they have also not been involved in doing promotion according to skills and abilities of employees. this has increased situation of conflict and miss-understanding and also employees do not want to work in team because of this. 23 employees have agreed that equality and diversity is important in organisation. On the other hand, 7 workers do not agree to same 17
Theme 9: workplace discrimination has made you stressed EmployeesNumber yes27 no3 Total30 Interpretation:From the above diagram, it has been summarised that workplace discriminaion has increased stress among employees. It has also made them less productive and because of this they are also not being able to concentrate on their work. Workplace discrimination has also tend to increase agressiveness of employees in Paddington court hotel. They have also not been able to gain competitive advanatage as workers are ineffective and have low morale. 27 employees have agreed that they have been stressed because of increased workplace discrimination. On the other hand 3 employees do not agree with the same. 18
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Theme 10: giving equal chances can help company grow EmployeesNumber yes29 no1 Total30 Interpretation:From the above pie diagram it can be said that workers in Paddingtom court hotel feels that been given equal chances can assist firm in growing and it can also assist them in expanding their business. It has also been analysed that equality can assit organuisation in being more productive and also diverse culture when implemented can enhance the culture. This can also assist organisation in increasing their brand reputation as well as value. They will also be able to achieve set target and objectives. 29 employees feek that being given equal chance can assit company in growing. 1 does not agree to same. 19
RESULTS From the above data analysis, it has been summarised that workplace discrimination has increased employee turnover and has also affected the workers performance negatively. This has led to lowering down of employee’s engagement towards company. It has also been analysed that Paddington court hotel has not been involved in giving equal chances to workers which has led down their morale to work in company. It has also been analysed that performance is appraisal is not being done on basis of abilities and capabilities of workers. It has also been analysed that employees feel that being given equal chance can assist company in growing and also they will be able to expand their business while implementing equality and diversity. In the present research primary data collection method is being used. This method was really effective as it has given control about how to collect data. primary research is a tried, tested and proven method of conducting effective research. It has assisted researcher in gaining reliable and authentic data. It has also been analysed that making use of qualitative data was also effective as most focus was given on exploring ideas. It has also been analysed that qualitative research was effective as it only required few respondents. Primary method has more accuracy than the secondary method as data is being collected by the researcher themselves. This research conducted was effective as it was unique and the data was raw collected by researchers themselves. REFLECTION The outcome of the research was there existing workplace discrimination in Paddington court hotel. Employees have lower morale and also, they are less motivated to work in such organisation who do not provide equal opportunities. I have also analysed that the main reason behind this was inefficiency of leaders. They do not possess better skills to manage equality and diversity in organisation. I have also analysed that instead of qualitative research, in report we could have also made use of quantitative one as it focused more on testing theory and hypothesis. Surveys with list if multiple end questions would have also been used. This can have assisted in having more 20
in-depth knowledge related to subject matter. I have also analysed that instead of primary, secondary method can also be used. This can have assisted researcher in having data which is already being published. There can also be survey of published works given by other authors. I have analysed that SPSS can be used so that researcher can be able to have answer to problems more adequately. These methods can assist scholar in having end results. Secondary method can be used as primary got delayed and also lots of time was taken to collect primary data. CONCLUSION From the above study it has been summarised that workplace discrimination has affected job performance of employees. It has also lower down their morale values and they are not being motivated to work in this kind of environment. This has increased employee turnover and also company has not been able to achieve their set target and aims. Workplace discrimination has affected growth of organisation. It has been analysed that in order to overcome this, performance appraisal method to manage equality and diversity could have been used. It has also been analysed that in present research, scholar has made use of primary method to collect information. They have also made use of inductive approach and thematic analysis as the study was qualitative in nature. It has also been analysed that researcher has made use of descriptive design. This has assisted them in having end results. It has also been analysed that workplace discrimination has affected job satisfaction and also it has increased stress of employees. It has affected growth of firm. 21
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REFERENCES Books and Journals Berrey, E., Nelson, R.L. and Nielsen, L.B., 2017.Rights on trial: How workplace discrimination law perpetuates inequality. University of Chicago Press. Dhanani, L.Y., Beus, J.M. and Joseph, D.L., 2018. Workplace discrimination: A meta‐analytic extension, critique, and future research agenda.Personnel Psychology,71(2), pp.147- 179. Rosenblat, A., Levy, K.E., Barocas, S. and Hwang, T., 2017. Discriminating tastes: Uber's customer ratings as vehicles for workplace discrimination.Policy & Internet,9(3), pp.256-279. Colella, A. and King, E.B. eds., 2018.The Oxford handbook of workplace discrimination. Oxford University Press. DeSouza, E.R., Wesselmann, E.D. and Ispas, D., 2017. Workplace Discrimination against Sexual Minorities:Subtleandnot‐so‐subtle.CanadianJournalofAdministrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration,34(2), pp.121-132. Daniels, S. and Thornton, L.M., 2020. Race and workplace discrimination: The mediating role of cyberincivilityandinterpersonalincivility.Equality,DiversityandInclusion:An International Journal,39(3), pp.319-335. Cheung,H.K.andet.al.,2016.Understandingandreducingworkplacediscrimination. InResearch in personnel and human resources management. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Noor,N.M.andShaker,M.N.,2017.Perceivedworkplacediscrimination,copingand psychologicaldistressamongunskilledIndonesianmigrantworkersin Malaysia.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,57, pp.19-29. Plickert, G. and Sterling, J., 2017. Gender Still matters: effects of workplace discrimination on employment schedules of young professionals.Laws,6(4), p.28. Jones, K.P. and et.al., 2017. Subtle discrimination in the workplace: A vicious cycle.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,10(1), pp.51-76. Mohajan,H.K.,2018.Qualitativeresearchmethodologyinsocialsciencesandrelated subjects.Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People,7(1), pp.23-48. Zangirolami-Raimundo, J., Echeimberg, J.D.O. and Leone, C., 2018. Research methodology topics: Cross-sectional studies.Journal of Human Growth and Development,28(3), pp.356-360. Ørngreen, R. and Levinsen, K., 2017. Workshops as a Research Methodology.Electronic Journal of E-learning,15(1), pp.70-81. Yu, H.H. and Lee, D., 2019. Women and public organization: An examination of mentorship and its effect on reporting workplace discrimination.Review of Public Personnel Administration, p.0734371X19880578. Kulaš Mirosavljević, A. and Matinjanin, S., 2020. THE IMPACT OF MOBBING AND CONSEQUENCESOFWORKPLACEDISCRIMINATION.InternationalJournal Vallis Aurea,6(1), pp.5-12. Sarwar, A. and Muhammad, L., 2020. Impact of employee perceptions of mistreatment on organizational performance in the hotel industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 22
Boone, B., 2020. Discrimination, Organizational Commitment, and the Impact of Diversity Programs on Black Millennials. Roscigno,V.J.,2019.Discrimination,SexualHarassment,andtheImpactofWorkplace Power.Socius,5, p.2378023119853894. Panicker, A., Agrawal, R.K. and Khandelwal, U., 2018. Inclusive workplace and organizational citizenship behavior.Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal. Krishna, A. and Kim, S., 2020. Exploring customers’ situational and word-of-mouth motivations in corporate misconduct.Public Relations Review, p.101892. Wang, J.S. and et.al., 2020. Does fan discrimination exist? Mixed-method investigation of customer discrimination in Chinese professional baseball league.Eurasian Business Review, pp.1-20. Cheung,H.K.andet.al.,2016.Understandingandreducingworkplacediscrimination. InResearch in personnel and human resources management. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Palmeira, M., 2017. Prejudice And Discrimination In Seaside Retailing. Comparative Analyses Between Brazil And Italy.International Journal of Economic Behavior,7(1), pp.63-79. Brewster, Z.W. and Nowak III, G.R., 2019. Racial Prejudices, Racialized workplaces, and restaurant servers’ hyperbolic perceptions of black–white tipping differences.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,60(2), pp.159-173. Rohden, S.F., 2019. The effects of compensation and social class comparisons among customers in service recovery settings. 23
APPENDIX QUESTIONNAIRE Q1. Do you feel there exists workplace discrimination in your company? Yes No Q2. Do you think workplace discrimination lowers your productivity? Agree Disagree Q3. Do you think that workplace discrimination has increased employee turnover? Yes No Q4. Do you feel like that employees are not being appraised on basis of their performance? Agree Disagree Q5. Did workplace discrimination have lower down your morale? Yes No Q6. Do you feel that equality and diversity is important? Agree Disagree Q7. Do you think that workplace discrimination has reduce down brand reputation of company? Yes No Q8. Do you think leaders are inefficient to develop a diverse culture? Yes No Q9. Do you think that workplace discrimination has made you stressed? Yes No Q10. Do you feel like giving equal chances can help company grow? 24
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