Mobile Technology in the Primary Classroom: Perceptions and Impact on Children's Learning

This research assesses the role of mobile technology in the primary classroom and examines its impact on children's learning. It uses an explanatory research approach and analyzes questionnaire data from teachers and students. The research finds that mobile technology has a significant impact on student learning and recommends its adoption for enhancing learning in primary classrooms.

RESEARCH WORK
Mobile technology in the Primary Classroom: Perceptions and impact on children’s Learning

Abstract
The main objective of this research is to assess the role of mobile technology in the primary
classroom in order to examine the impact and perception of people about mobile technology in
children learning. The research uses an explanatory research approach that helps to understand
the relationship between mobile technology and student learning. There were 120 questionnaires
distributed among teachers and students of primary schools based on a convenience sampling
strategy. The questionnaire data was properly analyzed for determining the relationship between
the research variables. Mobile technology has 43.6% impact on student learning and the result is
significant as the p-value is less than 0.05. Academicians and policymakers must adopt more
mobile-based technologies for the sake of enhancing student learning in primary classrooms.
There should be effective teaching and learning strategies that are using mobile technology in the
classrooms for the sake of achieving more progress.
Keywords: Mobile Technology, Student learning & Perception.

Chapter 1: Introduction
The importance of bringing technology in use has been increased from the last few years because
of the fact that the world is moving towards automation of processes and finding ways that can
assist the people in making things easier for them (Sharma, 2007). The world of digitalization is
actually having many changes and transformation as it is really necessary for improving the
performance of the different organizations across the world. In every phase of digitalization, the
impact of technology somewhere affects the student learning process in primary schools. The
typing process in the past, researching information on the internet, and now using the computer
technology to deliver the knowledge with the help of effective mechanisms some of the good
examples (Ken, 2008). There is a strong need to understand the effective use of technology that
can be utilized in teaching for the purpose of having a long-term impact on the children’s minds
(Prensky, 2005). This will be quite useful as the emergence of the notion for employing artificial
intelligence via technological expertise has widely increased and has become a necessity to make
education practices more productive and less time consuming (Chand, 2016).
Education in today’s world has managed to gain sufficient attention and has made people realize
the level of importance it holds. In the 17th and 18th century, education was not recognized as one
of the top priorities of the citizens. People were more focused on getting employed on a small
position rather than completing their full education and becoming managers, leaders or chief
executive officers in a known organization. Especially in rural areas, people were more
concerned about earning bread and butter from agricultural produce and farming rather than
making themselves educated (Coughlan, 2002). Though there were few people in the society
who were goal-oriented and wanted to secure a wealthy lifestyle by graduating and being able to
reach higher job designations. This modern era regards literacy as the core requirement that can
enable the people to become what they desire for (Rowe, 2002). The advent of technology has
made human life more easy and effortless. There are several businesses that are taking more
advantages of technology to compare to other professions. Allowing the students of primary
schools to use mobile phones during the teaching period is not for their entertainment rather it
can be used for the education purpose. However, mobile technology in the primary classroom
can prove to be either quite fruitful or can probably make children more attracted towards the
mobile device. The age of children studying in primary classes is between 6 to 10. At this stage

of life span, the kids are vulnerable towards any direction they are led into and that may be either
be positive or negative (Dugggan, 2017).
The role of teachers in primary student's education life is so important and their guidance
determines the way of their future career and their thinking style. Nurturing children and
developing their understanding is a tough task for the teachers because they are also responsible
for the upbringing of the students in terms of making them well mannered, follow class rules and
ethics, not cheat and lie, respect the elders and such (Rosemann & Brocke, 2010). Hence,
teaching students while using mobile phones may be helpful in various ways. To teach the
primary students in the classroom a teacher can use mobile phone technology that can benefit the
students in terms of practical education. It may include displaying relevant pictures of the
science objects, showing pictures of examples given in different subjects, playing world game
through phone, etc. Therefore, mobile technology not only make the lecture more attractive or
eye-catching but it will definitely develop the interest of the students as children are fond of
looking at fascinating images (Sharples, 2002). Many other features can be brought under
consideration as well for the positive use of smartphones in classrooms. Distinctive teachers can
have similar besides contrasting perceptions as per their habit of delivering the lecture. Some old
aged professors are more comfortable without having to use mobile phones in the classroom to
search current information on the topic, delivering background of the topic, facts related to it,
alterations made in it from the original document and more.
According to O'bannon (2014), the elderly teachers believe that their knowledge associated with
the subject matter is enough and they are unlikely to use cellphones in class for academic
purposes. These young teachers do not take it lightly if they catch any student using a cellphone
in class. However, this circumstance can rarely take place because usually, primary school
students do not have their own mobile phones. It was found that to increase the competitiveness
of any industry, the five forces of the ‘Porter's Five Force model' always useful. To enhance the
competitiveness and quality of education, this model can be used to develop a strong competitive
advantage. The Porter's five force model can help to develop a new and advanced method of
teaching, which can be used to keep the learning process interesting and it will be also helpful in
enhancing the performance of the primary students (Porter, 2008).

People in general who are above the age of 50 are not an expert in using technology and
operating cellphones. It has been observed in various researches that it is complicated for them to
comprehend how these devices function. However, there can be a number of old professors that
have a good grasp at things and know how to properly bring mobile phones in use during
lectures to teach the students in a profound way (Prensky, 2007). Mobile phones have been
contemplated as a potential source of learning for students of all age groups. It is more beneficial
for secondary school students in accordance with surveys conducted on the theoretical approach.
Overall, many studies have declared that the teaching methods should be up-to-date to keep the
students right on track. Using technology in schools will make the children capable of showing
their competency (Ally, 2009). The teaching practices that are used by many schools at the
primary level are either outdated or ineffective as they are not able to engage the students in the
learning process. The right curriculum changes that are crucial for the sake of improving the
performance of the schools are necessary as it will be helpful for the schools to succeed. If there
are any other problems that can be sorted with proper planning and development. If the students
are able to share their feedback for the research, it will be very useful for designing future
strategies that can be used for improving the process.
If teachers are careful in using the latest technology effectively, it increases their chances of
having an effective teaching method that will have a greater impact on the performance and
progress of students. The right set of tools and techniques that are important for quality
education, should be adopted by the teachers as they use mobile technology to implement the
necessary changes in the classroom. The interest level of the students can be developed in the
learning process as they can get the knowledge by different methods. Previously, lecture-based
classes usually limited the way of information sharing or limited the learning process
methodologies (Coughlan, 2002). With the use of mobile technology, teachers can transform the
entire process and way of sharing knowledge. It can have many fruitful results that will be
effective in the long-run education process and in the primary school education system.
However, if there will be any problem that arises for the students then the teacher may change
the style of teaching to get effective results.

Problem statement
Globalization has changed the way industries used to deal with technology. It is imperative for
business organizations and other institutes to adopt technology for enhancing their operations
and procedures. It is equally applying on the education sector as well. If an educational
institution or organization or school is not adopting the technology for delivering good lectures
in the classroom, it is seriously going to create much trouble. Primary classroom cases have been
studied to assess the impact of using technology for delivering knowledge. This process will help
to assess the impact of the new technology on the learning of students. There are other
challenges that are faced by teachers during the early stage of teaching or during the teaching of
young children. It can be fixed in a better way with some new mechanisms and methods and that
will be useful and important for the progress of the business.
Research Objectives
The research aims to understand the following objectives
 To understand the relationship between mobile technology and student learning.
 To recommend changes that will be important for the stakeholders of the school.
Rationale
The advancement of technology is taking place with the growing speed in every industry.
Therefore, it is important that all organizations should understand the significance of technology.
Every organization or educational institutes including primary schools should try to use
technology to improve their business performance. The use of technology in primary classes can
be important as it can improve the engagement of the children in the classroom and allows the
teacher to make the teaching process more interesting for students. The importance of technology
and its role must be recognized for improving the learning process for the children as technology
helps the teacher to get information concisely and accurately with a very high extent. Performing
tasks with the help of technology or mobile phone technology have been attractive for everyone
around the world. Technology has played a vital role in grooming me and I want to further

understand its impact and its importance in the classroom environment as it is very important for
the overall development of the children.
Significance of the Research
The research will be assessing the role of mobile technology in the primary classroom. Thus, the
impact can be reviewed over the learning of the students. The research is focusing on a very
important topic as it will help the policy makers and academicians to effectively understand the
right strategies that should be emphasized for the primary education system. If there are any
issues that are associated with the use of technology can also be highlighted based on the
findings of the paper. The government and other stakeholders can understand the role of mobile
technology and make appropriate future strategies to achieve more improvement in student
learning programs. The ultimate goal for the successful learning of the students is using mobile
technology effectively that would be yielding some positive results. There are few
recommendations from this paper that would be critical for the success of the primary schools
that have been discussed in the end of the report.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Mohseni (2014) argued that the education that is based on the latest tools of technology has an
inclusive way of instructing. Implementing a technology-based education system should have
primary focus of enhancing the learning process (Mohseni, 2014). The technological education
can be defined as the process which uses the various technological instruments for improving the
performance by using new and effective teaching and learning approaches (Mohseni, 2014). The
staff and teachers can improve their professional development with the help of a technological
approach (ref). Curriculum integration for young learners and students is possible where
technical education is used. (ref) In order to have proper usage of technology, it is imperative
that professional development should be managed by teachers. Teachers who are resisting the
use of technology must be approached well to increase their effectiveness by integrating the
technology with the education method. (ref) The educational institutes can really benefit from
involving the teachers in the technology-based education methodologies as it will enhance the
learning of the students to a higher level (Hammer, 2010). The satisfaction of the students from
the learning process is essential for the long-term progress. The world of digitalization is actually

having many changes and transformations as that is really necessary for improving the
performance of the different organizations across the world (Ken, 2008).
The advent of technology has made every day processes far better as well as effortless. Several
businesses have benefited the most from technology as compared to other aspects of technology
uses. Allowing the students of the primary level to use mobile phones during the lecture not for
their entertainment but for educational purposes. This decision of teacher either can prove to be
quite fruitful or can probably make them more attracted towards this device. The research studies
on the student learning focuses on using creative ways to teach the primary classroom so that
they can grasp the concepts in the early years that will help them to build a strong foundation that
will be good in the future (Sharma, 2007). Many other features can be brought under
consideration for the positive use of smartphones in classrooms. Distinctive teachers can have
similar besides contrasting perceptions as per their habit of delivering the lecture.
Some old aged professors are more comfortable without using the mobile phones in the classes
to search current information on the topic, the background of the topic, facts related to it,
alterations made in it from the original documents and more. This process will help to assess the
impact of the new technology on the learning of the students (Chand, 2016). There are other
challenges that are faced by teachers during the early years of teaching or teaching young
children. It can be fixed in a better way with some new mechanisms and methods that will be
critical for the progress of the business. The value of technology and role must be recognized for
improving the learning process for the children as now they are concise and accurate to a very
high extent. Performing the tasks in an electronic manner has been fascinating for everyone
around the world.
Technology has played a vital role in grooming me and I want to further understand its impact on
the classroom environment as it would be important for primary education (Rosemann & Brocke,
2010). The ultimate goal for the successful learning of the students is using mobile technology
effectively that would be yielding some positive results. If there are any recommendations from
this paper that would be critical for the success of the schools that are trying to implement
mobile technology in their primary education. Gowans (2016) argues that the use of mobile
technology allows the teachers to be focused on the objectives of the curriculum while sharing
the knowledge. The teachers are on track with the course and ensure that the motivated sort of

learning is taking place in the primary classrooms. The effective methods of enhancing the
learning in primary children have many positive results. There are effective classroom
management and teaching strategies that can be used and implemented for the sake of enhancing
the learning process.
The students should be actively participating in the learning process so that they are motivated to
learn more. If there are any challenges in learning then the teacher can use mobile technology to
assist them for improvement (Arowomole, 2000). There are many problems that are faced during
sharing the knowledge to the young students, so there is a high need for finding new and
effective ways of teaching that will be creative and effective in the long run (Hoodbhoy, 2009).
Sherson (1999) has stated that the technology can be used well in order to improve the learning
process. Those students who are not capable or not having attention in the learning process can
be engaged in the classroom with the help of visual presentations and other technological devices
that will be fruitful for their development.
The lateral and also the vertical thinking of the students is constantly rising with the passage of
time as the viable link is developed among the learning process and things that they do in
practice. Some mobile technology elements or aspects that can be considered to be disruptive
and causing issues for the communication or learning process are also identified. These should
be avoided in order to maintain a smooth flow of learning and teaching in the classroom
(Sharples, 2002). Different programs that are based on technology can be used for students to
access the relevant instructions that are needed by the busy teachers those may not have proper
time within the school timing to help the students. The individual learning needs of the students
can be focused by using technology effectively as the class size is also considered. Technology
plays an important role in the classroom and curriculum-based activities (Sheron, 1999). The use
of mobile technology is essential for the long-term progress of the primary schools as they are
able to successfully manage their activities. The students are able to remain updated with the
latest methods of learning and teaching that keeps the learning process interesting. The issues
that are faced by the teachers due to lack of attention from the students can also be resolved with
the effective use of mobile technology (Jarvis, 2005).

Chapter 3: Research Methodology
Research Design
The research paper is based on the impact of mobile technology on primary children learning.
The explanatory research design is adopted for the proper analysis of the relationship (Domingo
& AB, 2016). It is imperative that the academicians and researchers understand the relationship
of variables. This will be helpful for future policy-making and enhancing the learning process for
the students. There are many challenges that are faced by the students which may unable them to
engage in the classroom or concentrate during the learning process (Gartner, 2017). It is
important that effective strategies are adopted at the school level that can help the students to
increase their learning abilities (Lennard, 2007).
The right tools and techniques should be adopted due to the advancement of the technology to
attain maximum potential by the teachers and having the ability to sustain continuous progress
(Bruin, 2005). The independent variable for the research is the mobile technology and the
dependent variable is student learning (Bruin, 2005). The research is based on the deductive
approach where the theory is being tested with the help of the development of a hypothesis. The
research uses a mixed approach where quantitative and qualitative research techniques has been
used in order to access the required information for the analysis. The primary data is used for the
research which was collected using questionnaire and also conducting some interviews to gain
more in-depth information about the impact of mobile technology on student learning. The
positivism research philosophy has been adopted for the completion of the research study. The
emphasis on facts and authentic data that could be interpreted properly was essential in order to
arrive at authentic and credible findings and results. Appropriate statistical tests and techniques
has been used for analysing the research information (Lennard, 2007).
Mobile Technology Student Learning

The implications of the research results and findings on the future strategies of the teaching are
crucial as they can assist in achieving more progress. Just like customer relationship management
is emphasized by competitive industries, the schools must focus on the satisfaction of the
students (Gartner, 2017).
Sample Size and Sampling Strategy
The sample size for conducting this research is 120 and due to some missing values or overall
response rate, only 100 filled questionnaires were properly analysed for the research. The
sampling strategy is non-probability and the convenience sampling strategy was used for the data
collection from the participants of the research. Due to time concerns, research sampling strategy
was selected. The students and teachers shared valuable information in the questionnaires and
during the interviews that are critical for the designing of the future curriculum for the sake of
enhancing the teaching and learning process. The methods and techniques that has been used in
this research are limited due to the lack of technological development.
The advancement of technology and globalization has increased the pressure on all educational
institutions to review their teaching practices and to implement the most effective teaching and
learning approaches that will be yielding maximum satisfaction. The right sampling approach is
critical to identify the most relevant participants for the research. It is critical for the primary
classroom children, teachers and relevant members of the top management to share their views
and opinions about the use of mobile technology. The traditional approach of teaching is not as
effective as that does not allow the proper achievement of the objectives of the learning. The
Curriculum must be designed in a more inclusive manner that encourages more participation
from the students so that would be to learn more in a short period of time. Active participation
and involvement in teaching and learning process are some important factors for the students to
increase their knowledge and abilities in the long run.
Data Collection
The questionnaire that was used for the research study was based on ‘Likert scale’ having 5
responses that were close-ended. The responses ranged from 1. Strongly disagree, 2. Disagree, 3.
Neutral, 4. Agree and 5. Strongly agree. These responses helped in understanding the perception
and impact of mobile technology on student learning. The questions that were directed for the

analysis of the research were properly designed to understand the impact of technology properly.
The research participants were primary school students that are located near to my institution.
The sampling strategy is convenience sampling that is used for collecting data which is most
easily available. The students of the primary sections from 2 to 3 schools are targeted for the
completion of the questionnaire.
The data was also collected from the principals and teachers of the primary schools that are
providing nice insights related to the approach which was adopted. The research paper helps to
understand that the mobile technology can impact the learning of students or not. The students
and teachers were also asked some interview questions for the sake of gaining more insight into
the research study. The questions that were asked during the interview focused on the level of
enjoyment, interaction with technology, interest and learning evidence from the participants.
Research Instrument: Questionnaire
Name
Gender a. Male b. Female
Role a. Student b. Teacher
Age a. Below 10 years b. 11-25 c. 26-40 d. 41 and above
SD D N A SA
Mobile technology allows teachers to share
knowledge effectively. 1 2 3 4 5
Mobile technology enhances the student
learning 1 2 3 4 5
Mobile technology allows the teacher to
record videos during the lectures to change
the method of sharing information and
receiving it
1 2 3 4 5

Mobile technology keeps the teacher up to
date about the latest updates and research on
the topic
1 2 3 4 5
Primary classrooms rely more on visual
learning as they can grasp more knowledge
in that manner
1 2 3 4 5
Audio and video tools are more effective
than the traditional approaches to teaching
and learning
1 2 3 4 5
Students are happy with the use of the latest
applications and software to learn 1 2 3 4 5
Learning and sharing is enhanced with
effective mobile technology techniques 1 2 3 4 5
Student learning at the primary level is
essential for building a strong foundation.
1 2 3 4 5
Student learning is important so it should
be done through a more inclusive and
creative approach
1 2 3 4 5
Students may be bored by the old and
traditional approaches to teaching and
learning
1 2 3 4 5
Positively using mobile technology
enhances the student attitude towards
learning
1 2 3 4 5
Challenges that are present in the primary
classroom can be resolved by focusing on the
right mobile technology tools.
1 2 3 4 5

Data Analysis
The research information was gathered by using questionnaires and further analysed using the
Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). It is a good software that can analyse a large
amount of data and help to highlight the relationships among variables. The data that was
collected from the students and teachers of the primary schools were carefully recorded in the
software and then relevant tests to determine the credibility of the research and its reliability
were conducted in order to have a proper understanding of the research (Lennard, 2007).
Descriptive analysis and some frequencies were used to understand the nature of the data. The
relationship of the variables of mobile technology and student learning were tested with the help
of correlation and regression analysis. The findings of the research are critical for the teachers
and students of the schools as it shows the significance of the research as well. Appropriate
strategies have been used for understanding the relationship among the variables in order to
decide future policy-making practices. The findings of the paper will be helpful for policymakers
and academicians as further improvements in the curriculum would be made that would be
beneficial for the long term.
Ethical Considerations
The research participants were informed about the aims and objectives of the research. The
emphasis was laid on highlighting the significance of the research. The relationship of mobile
technology with student learning was determined. The participants were given full information in
detail about the research study. The respondents were also informed that their identity will be
kept confidential for the course of the research so that unbiased and authentic information could
be collected. The participants were properly informed that they could withdraw from the research
at any moment of time according to their will.
The participation of the research study was completed on the consent of the participants and no
coercion or force was being used for the sake of data collection. The research respondents were
informed that at the end the findings and results of the study would be shared with them so that
they can also benefit from the research and its recommendations. Effective strategy development
by the schools and institutions for the long-term progress is essential and key for the
enhancement of the learning of the students (Dugggan, 2017).

Validity and Reliability
The research data collection process was conducted properly in order to ensure that the responses
are free from any element of biasness. The results based on the sample can be generalized on the
population if the findings have validity and reliability. The validity of the research was ensured
by making sure that the questionnaire was measuring the content it was supposed to measure.
The reliability of the research focused on the ability of the questionnaire to consistently measure
the information. The process must be authentic and credible in order to gather real and
appropriate information. The questionnaire was intended to understand the impact of mobile
technology on the primary classroom learning. If the students are able to understand more with
the help of technology that is a positive thing. It is important that relevant strategies are set in
place that would be yielding better results. For the reliability, the questions of the questionnaire
are properly analyzed by using the Cronbach Alpha test that is appropriate for ensuring the
reliability. The score of the test must be above 50% that would mean that the data that is
appropriately collected (O'bannon, 2014).

Chapter 4: Results/Findings
The reliability statistic was checked for the questionnaire and the result showed a value of 0.692
which means that the instrument used for data collection is reliable. The information was based
on the 16 questions asked from the participants of the research. The students and the teachers
were sharing their views and opinions about using mobile technology in the primary classrooms.
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.692 16
75%
25%
Gender
Male Female
The participants that have shared the data by completing the questionnaires were 100 among
whom 75 percent were male and 25 percent were female. This is the collective value for both
teachers and students that took part in the research.

Below 10 Years 11-25 years 26-40 years 41 and above
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
53%
26%
17%
4%
Age
Age
The age group of the participants that include teachers and students was as per the chart where
53% were below the age group of 10 years, 26% were from 11-25 years of age, 26-40 years
group had 17% and 4% people were above 41 years of age.
53%
47%
Role
Students Teachers

There were 47% teachers and 53% were students in the total participants. The participants were
asked many questions related to the learning during the classroom regarding use of mobile
technology in primary children classrooms.
Descriptive Statistics
The research questionnaire data was analyzed and mean data along with standard deviation was
collected. This information was very much important as it was generally reviewed along with
that the skewness and kurtosis that are tests for normality were conducted in order to assess the
nature of the data. The information was based on the range from -2 to +2 which indicated that the
data was normal. All the descriptive information in terms of mean, standard deviation, minimum
value, maximum value, skewness, and kurtosis are mentioned in the table below.
Descriptive Statistics
N Minimu
m
Maximu
m
Mean Std.
Deviation
Skewness Kurtosis
Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Std.
Error
Statistic Std.
Error
Gender 100 1 2 1.25 .435 1.172 .241 -.639 .478
Age 100 1 4 2.36 .628 1.048 .241 .752 .478
Role 100 1 2 1.47 .502 .122 .241 -2.026 .478
Mobile technology
allows teachers to share
knowledge effectively.
100 1 5 2.87 1.212 -.163 .241 -1.072 .478
Mobile technology
enhances the student
learning
100 1 5 3.25 .947 -.451 .241 -.336 .478

Mobile technology
allows the teacher to
record videos during the
lectures to change the
method of sharing
information and
receiving it
100 1 5 3.23 1.053 -.264 .241 -.686 .478
Mobile technology keeps
the teacher up to date
about the latest updates
and research on the topic
100 1 5 3.38 .993 -.071 .241 -.843 .478
Primary classrooms rely
more on visual learning
as they can grasp more
knowledge in that
manner
100 1 5 2.80 1.198 -.036 .241 -1.158 .478
Audio and video tools are
more effective than the
traditional approaches to
teaching and learning
100 1 5 2.60 1.214 -.014 .241 -1.359 .478
Students are happy with
the use of the latest
applications and software
to learn
100 1 5 3.49 1.010 -.632 .241 -.353 .478
Learning and sharing is
enhanced with effective
mobile technology
techniques
100 1 5 3.56 .946 -.468 .241 -.448 .478

Student learning at the
primary level is essential
for building a strong
foundation.
100 1 5 2.93 1.094 .141 .241 -.932 .478
Student learning is
important so it should be
done through a more
inclusive and creative
approach
100 1 5 3.06 1.162 -.277 .241 -.707 .478
Students may be bored
by the old and traditional
approaches to teaching
and learning
100 1 5 3.22 .905 -.370 .241 -.001 .478
Positively using mobile
technology enhances the
student attitude towards
learning
100 1 5 2.99 1.059 -.188 .241 -.719 .478
Challenges that are
present in the primary
classroom can be
resolved by focusing on
the right mobile
technology tools.
100 1 5 3.17 1.083 -.347 .241 -.598 .478
Valid N (listwise) 100

Frequency Distribution results for the questions
SD D N A SA
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
18%
20%
25%
31%
6%
Mobile technology allows the teachers to share knowledge
effectively
Mobile technology allows the teachers to share the knowledge effectively among students. The
participants who were strongly disagreed with statements is 18%, 20% were disagreed to the
statement, 25% showed neutral response, 31% agreed and there were 6% that strongly agreed.
SD D N A SA
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
4%
18%
32%
41%
5%
Mobile technology enhances the student learning
Mobile technology enhances the student learning. The participants strongly disagreed by 4%,
18% also disagreed to the statement, 32% showed neutral response, 41% agreed and there were
5% that strongly agreed.

SD D N A SA
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
5%
22%
27%
37%
9%
Mobile technology allows the teacher to record videos during
the lectures to change the method of sharing information and
receiving it
Mobile technology allows the teacher to record videos during the lectures to change the method
of sharing information and receiving it. The participants strongly disagreed by 5%, 22% also
disagreed to the statement, 27% showed neutral response, 37% agreed and there were 9% that
strongly agreed.
SD D N A SA
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
1%
21%
30%
35%
13%
Mobile technology keeps the teacher up to date about latest
updates and research on the topic
Mobile technology keeps the teacher up to date about the latest updates and research on the
topic. The participants strongly disagreed by 1%, 21% also disagreed to the statement, 30%
showed a neutral response, 35% agreed and there were 13% that strongly agreed.

SD D N A SA
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
17%
27%
20%
31%
5%
Primary classrooms rely more on visual learning as they can
grasp more knowledge in that manner
Primary classrooms rely more on visual learning as they can grasp more knowledge in that
manner. The participants strongly disagreed by 17%, 27% also disagreed to the statement, 20%
showed neutral response, 31% agreed and there were 5% that strongly agreed.
SD D N A SA
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
26%
21% 22%
29%
2%
Audio and video tools are more effective than the traditional
approaches to teaching and learning
Audio and video tools are more effective than traditional approaches to teaching and learning.
The participants strongly disagreed by 26%, 21% also disagreed to the statement, 22% showed
neutral response, 29% agreed and there were 2% that strongly agreed.

SD D N A SA
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
3%
18% 17%
51%
11%
Students are happy with the use of the latest applications and
software to learn
Students are happy with the use of the latest applications and software to learn. The participants
strongly disagreed by 3%, 18% also disagreed to the statement, 17% showed neutral response,
51% agreed and there were 11% that strongly agreed.
SD D N A SA
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
1%
16%
22%
48%
13%
Learning and sharing is enhanced with effective mobile
technology techniques
Learning and sharing is enhanced with effective mobile technology techniques. The participants
strongly disagreed by 1%, 16% also disagreed to the statement, 22% showed a neutral response,
48% agreed and there were 13% that strongly agreed.

SD D N A SA
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
7%
35%
23%
28%
7%
Student learning at the primary level is essential for building a
strong foundation
Student learning at the primary level is essential for building a strong foundation. The
participants strongly disagreed by 7%, 35% also disagreed to the statement, 23% showed neutral
response, 28% agreed and there were 7% that strongly agreed.
SD D N A SA
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
13%
16%
32%
30%
9%
Student learning is important so it should be done through a
more inclusive and creative approach
Student learning is important so it should be done through a more inclusive and creative
approach. The participants strongly disagreed by 13%, 16% also disagreed to the statement, 32%
showed a neutral response, 30% agreed and there were 9% that strongly agreed.

SD D N A SA
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
4%
15%
41%
35%
5%
Students may be bored by the old and traditional approaches
to teaching and learning
Students may be bored by the old and traditional approaches to teaching and learning. The
participants strongly disagreed by 4%, 15% also disagreed to the statement, 41% showed a
neutral response, 35% agreed and there were 5% that strongly agreed.
SD D N A SA
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
9%
24%
31% 31%
5%
Positively using mobile technology enhances the student
attitude towards learning
Positively using mobile technology enhances the student attitude towards learning. The
participants strongly disagreed by 9%, 24% also disagreed to the statement, 31% showed a
neutral response, 31% agreed and there were 5% that strongly agreed.

SD D N A SA
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
8%
19%
29%
36%
8%
Challenges that are present in the primary classroom can be
resolved by focusing on the right mobile technology tools
Challenges that are present in the primary classroom can be resolved by focusing on the right mobile technology tools
Challenges that are present in the primary classroom can be resolved by focusing on the right
mobile technology tools. The participants strongly disagreed by 8%, 19% also disagreed to the
statement, 29% showed neutral response, 36% agreed and there were 8% that strongly agreed.
Level of Enjoyment Interaction with technology Building Interest Increased Learning
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
30%
25%
10%
35%
Interview Response
Interview Response
The participants for the research were also asked about their views related to the use of mobile
technology. They were given the freedom to share their views with respect to the effectiveness of
mobile technology and the improved learning process. The data that was recorded based on the

open-ended question and was organized in a thematic manner under the headings named, level of
enjoyment, interaction with technology, building interest and increased learning. The progress of
the student learning was assessed as that was very high based on the interview responses. There
were 30% of the respondents that said that using mobile technology helps in increasing their
enjoyment level that is beneficial for the process of learning. The interaction with the technology
is around 25% and students agreed that with the help of mobile technology the teachers were
able to increase their level of interest. Finally, there was an increased level of learning as 35%
agreed.
Correlation
. Proper analysis of the information is an important factor in the analysis. The correlation
analysis between the two variables has been done which is very important for the research. The
mobile technology and student learning have 0.436 or 43.6 percent correlation that is a positive
relationship and the result is significant as the p-value is less than 0.05
Correlations
Mobile Technology Student Learning
Mobile Technology
Pearson Correlation 1 .436**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 100 100
Student Learning
Pearson Correlation .436** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 100 100
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Regression Analysis
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
1 .436a .190 .182 .48846
a. Predictors: (Constant), Mobile Technology
The R value is showing the relationship between mobile technology and student learning in the
primary classroom. The R square value is the impact that is a bit low as it’s around 0.19 but that
is showing some impact on the learning of the students based on using mobile technology. There
is an impact of mobile technology on student learning.
ANOVAa
Model Sum of
Squares
df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 5.483 1 5.483 22.980 .000b
Residual 23.382 98 .239
Total 28.864 99
a. Dependent Variable: Student Learning
b. Predictors: (Constant), Mobile Technology
Analysis of the variance is done for assessing the impact of mobile technology on student
learning. The significant impact is shown as the p value is less than 0.000 that is below 0.05.
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 2.082 .239 8.711 .000
Mobile
Technology .371 .077 .436 4.794 .000
a. Dependent Variable: Student Learning

This is the most important table for the analysis of the regression. The mobile technology has a
positive relation with the student learning as indicated by the standardized beta coefficient that is
0.436 and the p-value is below 0.05. This is showing that the hypothesis has been accepted that
there is a positive relationship between mobile technology and student learning.

Chapter 5: Conclusion
The significance of bringing technology in use has been increased from the previous years
because of the fact that the world is moving towards automation of processes and finding ways
that can assist the people in making things easier for them. The world of digitalization is actually
having many changes and transformation as it is really necessary for improving the performance
of the different organizations across the world. Education in today’s world has managed to gain
sufficient attention and has made people realize the level of importance it holds. In the 17th and
18th century, education was not recognized as one of the top priorities of the citizens. People
were more focused on getting employed in a small organization rather than completing their full
education and becoming managers, leaders or chief executive officers in a multinational or well-
known organization. Especially in rural areas, people were more concerned about earning bread
and butter from agricultural businesses and farming rather than making themselves educated.
Nurturing children and developing their understanding is a tough task for the teachers because
they are also responsible for the upbringing of the students in terms of making them well
mannered, follow class rules and ethics, not cheat and lie, respect the elders and such.
Globalization has changed the way industries used to deal with technology. It is imperative for
businesses and other institutes to adopt technology for enhancing their operations and
procedures. If an educational organization is not adopting the technology for delivering good
lectures in the classroom then it will definitely create much trouble. Primary classroom cases
have been studied to assess the impact of using technology for delivering knowledge.
The advancement of the technology is taking place with growing speed. Therefore, it is very
much important that all organizations should have an understanding of its significance and these
organisations should try to use it to improve their business performance. The use of technology
like tablets in the primary classes can be fruitful as it will improve the engagement of children in
the classroom and allow the teacher to make the teaching process more interesting. The research
will help in assessing the role of mobile technology in the primary classroom so that the impact
can be reviewed over the learning of the students. The research is focusing on a very important
topic as it will help the policy makers and academicians to effectively understand the right
strategies that should be emphasized.

The independent variable for the research is mobile technology and the dependent variable is
student learning. The research is based on the deductive approach where the theory is being
tested with the help of the development of a hypothesis. This research uses a mixed approach
where quantitative and qualitative research techniques will be used well in order to access the
required information for the analysis. The sampling strategy is non-probability and the
convenience sampling strategy was used for the data collection from the participants of the
research. The students of the primary sections from 2 to 3 schools are targeted for the completion
of the questionnaire. The data was also collected from the principals and teachers of the primary
schools that had to give nice insights related to the approach that was being adopted.
The participants were given full information in detail about the research study. The respondents
were also informed that their identity will be kept confidential for the course of the research so
that unbiased and authentic information could be collected. The participants were properly
informed that they could withdraw from the research at any moment of time according to their
will. The correlation analysis between the two variables is done that is very much important. The
mobile technology and student learning have 0.436 or 43.6 percent correlation that is a positive
relationship and the result is significant as the p-value is less than 0.05. The R-value is showing
the relationship between mobile technology and student learning in the primary classroom. This
is the most important table for the analysis of the regression.
There were 120 questionnaires distributed among the teachers and students of the primary
schools based on a convenience sampling strategy. The questionnaire data was properly analyzed
for determining the relationship between the research variables. The mobile technology has
43.6% impact on student learning and the result is significant as the p-value is less than 0.05.
Academicians and policymakers must adopt more mobile-based technologies for the sake of
enhancing student learning in the primary classrooms. There should be effective teaching and
learning strategies that are using mobile technology in the classrooms for the sake of achieving
more progress.

Recommendations
The research uses an explanatory research approach that helps to understand the relationship
between mobile technology and student learning. The academicians and policymakers must
consider redesigning the primary teaching style and curriculum in order to incorporate mobile
technology for improving the traditional teaching style and techniques. This is evidently having a
positive impact on the learning of the students. Such positive changes must be incorporated to
improve the performance in the long-run. The visual learning is much more effective as
compared to other modes of teaching. The teacher should use more creative and interesting
teaching approaches that will encourage the participation of the students. The current issues
related to teaching techniques in the primary school should be diagnosed to find out the root
cause of such issues. In order to fully eliminate such problems, proper changes must be made in
the curriculum for long-term positive results.

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