Aviation Project Management Risks

This assignment delves into the risks associated with aviation projects in the Middle East market. It examines four key risk categories: scheduling, resource allocation, technical implementation, and communication. Students are required to analyze specific risks within each category, providing insights into how project managers can mitigate these challenges for successful project execution.

The successfulness of low cost long haul carriers
and how to apply it in the Middle East

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND ANALYSIS..................................................................................1
Introduction............................................................................................................................1
Research tools.........................................................................................................................1
Discussion on research questionnaire.....................................................................................2
Data validity and format.........................................................................................................3
Analysis..................................................................................................................................4
Results....................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion..............................................................................................................................9
References............................................................................................................................10
CHAPTER 5: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION...........................................................................11
Introduction..........................................................................................................................11
Finding and discussion.........................................................................................................11
Challenges in developing modern low-cost long haul carriers industry in Middle East Market
..............................................................................................................................................17
Benefits of entering Middle East Market.............................................................................19
Challenges faced the airlines after entering Middle East Market.........................................20
Conclusion............................................................................................................................21
References............................................................................................................................21
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................23
Conclusion............................................................................................................................23
Recommendations................................................................................................................24
Research limitations.............................................................................................................24
Further, research ..................................................................................................................25
Conclusion............................................................................................................................25
Challenges faced the airlines after entering Middle East Market.........................................26
Reflective..............................................................................................................................26
References............................................................................................................................27
CHAPTER 7: PROJECT MANAGEMENT ................................................................................28
Introduction..........................................................................................................................28
Project monitoring and meeting with supervisor .................................................................28

Things gone well and things gone wrong.............................................................................29
Lesson learnt.........................................................................................................................29
Project closure......................................................................................................................30
Risk assessment....................................................................................................................30
References............................................................................................................................31

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
Introduction
Result and analysis is one of the important chapter in dissertation. It helps the scholar in
getting optimistic results and accomplishing goal of the study. This chapter will justify all
approaches that are taken by the investigator in order to gather detail about the subject matter.
Researcher will discuss methodology so that all questions can be answered effectively.
Furthermore, scholar will define all techniques of data collection that individual has used in the
investigation. In this chapter research will identify the key points so that results can be obtained.
It will describe the data analysis tools so that better understanding can be developed about the
low-cost long-haul carriers and its apply methods in the Middle east. This chapter will define the
reason of asking these questions with respondents and the way individual has confirmed
reliability and validity of the details. This chapter will look upon the travelling on long routes
with low cost airlines is preferred by traveller or not. It will describe perception of respondents
and accordingly data will be analysed by researcher. Furthermore, it will discuss opinion on low
cost long haul travel. By this way individual will get to know what their needs are and which
type of services customers like the most. In addition, it will explain extent to which travellers
prefer to fly more on low cost long haul flights if seats are comfortable.
Research tools
Data collection is one of the essential part of thesis, with the help of this tool researcher
can gather in-depth information about subject matter. In the dissertation scholar has to develop
better understanding about the topic so that individual can work better and can achieve objective
of the thesis. There are several tools of data collection such as primary sources and secondary
sources. In the primary data collection method researcher generally uses questionnaire, survey
etc. method, whereas in the secondary source individual takes support of books, journals, internet
articles etc.
In the present investigation on successfulness of low-cost long-haul carriers and how it
applies in the Middle East, scholar has used two quantitative tools for gathering information:
The first technique that was used by the researcher one to one interview. In this,
individual has taken interview of all participants in order to get to know successfulness of low-
cost long-haul carriers. In the interview with employees and managers of airlines, individual has
developed better understanding about the subject matter. It was the thirty minute interview with
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each respondent and in this scholar has recorded their voice so that person can interpret the
results in effective manner.
Furthermore, researcher has also used the technique of questionnaire in order to gather in
depth information about successfulness of low-cost long-haul carriers and how to apply it in the
Middle East. Scholar has shared the survey questionnaire among selected employees and
managers of airline company. Questionnaire has been sent through e-mail, respondents have
given their consent that they are ready to share their views in respect of low-cost long-haul
carriers. Individual has selected the participants on the bases of demographic characters.
These tool were used by the scholar for collecting the data on the subject matter.
Individual has give sufficient time to them so that they can share their feeling effectively and
researcher can gather in-depth detail about the research topic.
Discussion on research questionnaire
Researcher has sent questionnaire to all participants, it was having all questions related to
low-cost long- haul carriers in the airline industry and it applying methods in the Middle East.
The first question that has been asked in the questionnaire was related to age group. The main
reason of asking this question was to analysis their experience. Perception of old people and
young people differed from each other. By asking them age, it can be find out that how much
they have knowledge and experience in this field. Another question was to their gender. It is
another important question that can help in understanding the point of view of specific gender.
Male has different view as compare to female.
Investigator has asked question that whether they prefer travelling on long-haul routes
with low cost airlines or not. It was appropriate question that helps in identifying the perception
of population whether they like to adopt this facility or not. Long haul routes can not be chosen
by every one, it depends upon choice of persons. So involvement of this question has helped in
knowing the successfulness of low-cost long-haul carrier in the airline industry. Next query was
on the factors that people consider while purchasing air tickets. Scholar has give options of ticket
price, airport location and service quality. This was one of the effective issue in this respect.
Before making their final choice people think for the service quality, prices and location to great
extent. By asking this question individual has gathered information whether low-cost long-haul
will be successful or not in the Middle East. Responses of participants can define the choice of
majority of audience.
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In order to get information about purchasing capacity of population, researcher has added
question of their choice related to class in air tickets in the questionnaire. Individual has raised
quarry whether they like to travel in business class, economy class or in first class. By this way
ability to spend money in the air travel of population can be identified by the scholar. Some
people travel from air for saving their time, others feel it comfortable hat is why they chose this
medium of transplantation. Researcher has asked about whether they will prefer travelling on
low cost- long haul flights if seats are comfortable. This was appropriate questions, most of the
person do not choose low-cost long haul flights because facilities of these flights are not good,
even seats are not comfortable. But by raising this quarry individual has gathered information
about perception of audience in respect to air travels.
In the next question investigator has asked about the overall observation of low cost long
haul airlines. Researcher has given option of poor, average, good and excellent. It was
appropriate quarry through this way individual has got to know thinking of audience about the
low cost long haul airlines. All these questions of questionnaire has helped the scholar in
knowing the successfulness of low-cost long-haul carriers and it applying methods in the Middle
East. With the help of these quarries individual has gathered information about perception of
population and what changes are required for making it successful.
Data validity and format
Data validity and reliability one of the essential aspect of dissertation. With the help of
reliable and valid information scholar can prepare the good research and can accomplish overall
objective of the dissertation. Present study was on the successfulness of Low-cost Long Haul
carriers and its apply way in the Middle East. By identifying the validity of information scholar
can get to know successfulness of entire investigation.
The collected have been showed to supervisor and authority has checked all the questions
that was present in the questionnaire. Supervisor has gone through to each question and
understand the necessity of each quarries raised by researcher. Supervisor has suggested changes
in the demographic questions and according to the suggestion's scholar has restructured the all
questions. That has helped in making information more reliable and valid. Investigator has
listened carefully to the instruction of its senior supervisor in order to make this dissertation
more effective and reliable. So that in future also other authors can take support of this study for
reference.
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Scholar has shown the prepared questionnaire to its supervisor and has requested to tell
necessary changes in the questionnaire. Senior has look upon the questions raised by the
investigator whether they are relevant or not. Individual has asked questions from researcher the
reason of writing this question in the questionnaire. By this way supervisor has got to know
whether person is in the right direction or not. Researcher has discussed all the reason of raising
these quarries in the questionnaire. Before sending the questionnaire to respondents individual
has made necessary changes in the questions that has been suggested by the supervisor and then
after final checking of him, individual has sent it to all the respondent through e-mail. This has
helped the researcher in sending the right and ethical questions to the participants in the right
format.
Analysis
Theme 1: Age group
Analysis: From the discussion it is analysed that most of the employees and mangers those who
have given response on the questions of researcher are between age of 20-30. Some of them are
near 31-40 year old. From the analysis it can be said that low cost long haul airlines hires young
people in the organization because they have innovative ideas and they can contribute well in
accomplishing goal of the entities. Their advanced knowledge and confidence can support these
entities in achieving goal of the firm significantly.
Theme 2: Gender
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Analysis: From the discussion it is analysed that maximum respondents are male that means male
can give accurate answers ion the questions. They have good knowledge of market so they can
give in-depth information about the subject matter.
Theme 3: Travelling on long routes with low cost airlines
Analysis: From the discussion it has been analysed that maximum respondents think that
travelling on long route with low cost airlines are good for them. Because it helps them in saving
their money in this respect. Long route travelling is good for them and they like it most because
they feel happy and they have to spend less amount as compare to costly travels. It is analysed
that low cost long haul carriers can be beneficial for the customers so they prefer these flights to
great extent.
Theme 4: Factors that are considered before purchasing airline ticket
Analysis: From the discussion it is analysed that maximum people look upon the ticket prices
before purchasing it. Cost of ticket is the major factor hat can influence the mind of consumers.
People make their mind if they get affordable products with quality. Low cost long haul air
flights are comparatively cheaper than other air travels. So that is good point for the entities
because people also prefer low costly ticket prices. If companies are offer them similar products
then it would be beneficial for them and they will be able to increase their profitability. It has
been analysed that flight timing is another major factor that influence the mind of consumers or
they look upon this element closely. If any of the airline is taking more time than others then
people will no choose this flight for travel because time matters a lot to them. Thus, long haul
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airlines need to pay attention on these elements by this way they will be successful and will be
able to enter in the middle East effectively.
Theme 5: Classes preferred by travellers in long haul routes.
Analysis: From the discussion it is analysed that most of the consumers prefer to travel in
economy class. It is the class which is affordable by most of the people and in this class they get
good facilities. It has been analysed that premium class travel tickets are very costly and all can
not afford it. That is why they avoid to travel in this class. On other hand business class tickets
are good but facilities of these classes are not that much effective. Travellers always prefer to
travel in economic class so that they can get comfortable seats, good services and they can reach
to the or destination on time. It saves their time and they also feel good in the economic class that
is why improvement in economic classes are good for low cost long haul airlines.
Theme 6: First factor that is considered before buying long haul flights tickets.
Analysis: From the above discussion it is analysed that most of the people focus on price factor
before buying long haul flight tickets. Price is the major factor that can influence the mind of
consumers. It has been analysed that that if long haul air lines keep the low prices of their flights
then it will attract more people towards these companies. It will change the buying decision of
the persons and can help in making the low cost long haul airlines more successful. On other
hand many of the persons viewed that comfort level is another factor that is considered by
consumers after the price element. It is analysed that long haul flights are today are not that much
6

comfortable. If this facility has been improved then people will get attracted towards the brand
and it will help in establishing the long haul low cost airlines successfully in the Middle East.
Theme 7: Last travel on full service airline or low cost airline.
Analysis: From the discussion it is analysed that most of the respondents travel in full service
airline. People prefer to travel in that flights in which they can get full services and can travel
comfortably. People chose to travel through air transportation because it is conformable and time
saving. On other hand it has been analysed that low cost airlines are not that much comfortable
and it does not provide them facilities to that extent. That is why travellers prefer to travel
through full service airlines. Low cost long haul flights need to consider his point deeply and
they have to improve their quality of services and need to add some addition facilities for the
consumers so that they prefer travelling from this route as well.
Theme 8: Improvements needed to be done in low cost long haul flights.
Analysis: From the discussion it is analysed that low cost long haul airlines need to make
changes or in improvements in its entertainment facilities. It will be better for the entities in
attracting more people and getting established in the Middle East. It has been found that from the
discussion that people like to travel in which flights in which they get comfortable seats. But
currently long haul carriers do not provide that much comfortable travel to the passengers. So
they are required to make changes in their seats and should make it more comfortable. It can be
analysed that by enhancing quality of services and by involving additional entertainment
facilities in the flights these long haul airlines will be able to attract more people of Middle East.
Improvement in these elements will help in establishing its business in the middle East
successfully.
Theme 9: Preference to fly more on low cost long haul flights if seats are comfortable.
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Analysis: From the discussion it is analysed that people prefer to fly more on low cost long haul
flights if seats are comfortable. It has been found that customers are ready to spend amount for
easy travelling. Air transportation is the route which has been chosen by the travellers for safe
and comfortable journey. It has been analysed that if people low cost long haul airlines provide
people cosy seats then people will defiantly go towards it.
Theme 10: Opinion on low cost long haul travel.
Analysis: From the discussion it is found that maximum people think that low cost long haul
travel is good because it is cheaper and they can get safe journey through this medium. It has
been analysed that long haul airlines are continuously trying to improve their services so that
people get attracted towards these flights. Some persons ranked these airlines average which is
also fine. But by making small changes in its facilities and by improving quality of services low
cost long haul airlines will become more successful in the Middle East.
Results
Final output comes after analysing the information effectively. Final output depends upon
the type of study and data that have been collected by the scholar from various sources. If at the
end of the investigation objective of the dissertation are achieved that means individual has
conducted the investigation successfully. Study was on the successfulness of Low-cost long-haul
carriers and how it applies in the middy East. It has been found that female are much more
depended upon the male persons and they take their decisions after consulting with their husband
or any other decision maker of the family. That is why individual has involved only male persons
in the investigation in order to collect relevant data about the subject matter. It is found that
maximum people think that they like to travel on long route with low-cost airlines. It has been
8

resulted that people think for the cost and they prefer to travel from low cost airlines if they are
comfortable.
From the data it is found that maximum people think for the ticket price and if low-cost
long-haul airlines are providing them cheaper air travel tickets then they will prefer to travel
from this route. Price of ticket impact a lot in the mind of travellers because if people pay high
cost for ticket then it will be over budget for them. Thus, it has been resulted that low-cost long-
haul airlines can be successful if they keep its ticket price low. Discussion has been done on class
chose by the population while air travelling. From the discussion it has been found that people
chose economic classes because it is affordable by them and facilities of this class is good as
compare to other classes. It can be said that keeping low prices of ticket will be beneficial for the
long-haul airlines because by this way they will be able to enhance their profitability and
productivity to great extent.
Discussion has been done on improvement requires in the low-cost long haul flights.
From the discussion it is resulted that there are many things that need to be improved and by
making changes in these aspects long haul airlines can enhance their business significantly. It has
been found that improvements in quality and entertainment facilities can be beneficial for the
organization. This is essential part that can attract more customers towards these flights. By
making improvements in the quality airline industry will be able to satisfy needs of travellers and
they will prefer to travel through low cost long haul flights. It is found that most of the big air
travel companies provide customers entertainment facilities that make them happy towards the
brand. But low cost long haul firms do not have that much budget that is why are unable to offer
them this benefit. But by improving entertainment facilities these airlines can be able to get high
profit and can enhance its productivity.
Conclusion
From the above chapter it can be concluded that travellers look upon the price factor
mainly. Low cost long haul airlines have huge scope to be successful in the Middle East because
here people like to travel in such routes. They can afford economic class tickets so airlines are
required to make improvements in economic classes and need to offer some entertainment
facilities to passengers. It will attract more people towards the flights. It can be articulated that
low cost long haul air flights are comparatively cheaper than other air travels. Thus, it is
affordable by travellers, it is required to improve its services so that people prefer this flights and
9

take experience of this airline frequently. It can be articulated that low cost airlines are not
comfortable enough and facilities of flights are also poor. That is the main reason that travellers
prefer to travel through full service airlines. From the discussion it can be concluded that
maximum people think that they like to travel on long route with low-cost airlines because it is
cost effective and in this, they can get better facilities as compare to long haul airlines. It can be
articulated that enhancing quality of services and involvement of additional entertainment
facilities in long haul airlines is essential for attracting more people. Improvement in these
elements will help in establishing its business in the middle East successfully.
References
Bigne, E.. and et.al., 2016. The impact of social media and offline influences on consumer
behaviour. An analysis of the low-cost airline industry. Current Issues in Tourism. pp.1-19.
Henrickson, K. E. and Wilson, W. W., 2016. The Convergence of Low-Cost and Legacy Airline
Operations. In Airline Efficiency (pp. 355-375). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Jarach, D., 2017. Airport marketing: Strategies to cope with the new millennium environment.
Routledge.
Pearson, J., 2016. The competitive strength of Asian network airlines in competing with low-cost
carriers and the use of low-cost subsidiaries(Doctoral dissertation, © James Pearson).
Whyte, R. and Lohmann, G., 2016. Airline business models. Air Transport Management: An
International Perspective. pp.107.
Williams, G., 2017. The airline industry and the impact of deregulation. Routledge.
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CHAPTER 5: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Introduction
It is another chapter of dissertation in which discussion on finding will be done. Data
analyses have been done by considering the thematic analysis tool. Researcher has analysed the
data from different perspectives. Apart from this, in the previous chapter scholar has gathered the
data by using studies of other anthers on the same subject. On the bases of literature review and
data analysis findings and discussion will be done in this chapter.
Finding and discussion
Age group
20-30 16
31-40 15
41-50 5
51-60 0
61+ 1
Discussion: data shows that 16 out of 37 respondents are between the age of 20-30. On other
hand 15 answers were 31-40 years old. Furthermore, it has been found that 5 participants were
between 41-50 age group. From the discussion it can be said that maximum people in the low
cost long haul airlines are between the age of 20-30. It can be interpreted that people are young
and energetic. They have innovative ideas and they know better about the customers choice. This
age group participants can contribute well in the success of aviation industry.
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Gender
Male 37
Female 0
Discussion: From the discussion it is found that 37 respondents were male. From the discussion
it can be interpreted that there were no female participants involved in the discussion. That can
be interpreted in a way that female are much more depended on male and they take their all
decision after consulting with their husbands or any other close male person.
Preference of travellers on long haul routes with low cost airlines
Likely 22
Unlikely 12
Not sure 3
12

Discussion: Researcher has asked question about preference of passengers, then it has found that
22 out of 37 respondents have viewed that people like to travel on long haul routes with low cost
airlines. On other hand 12 out of 37 answers have said that people unlike low cost flights
because they think that they will not get good services on these routes. Furthermore, 3
participants are not sure in this respect. From the discussion it is found that maximum people like
low cost long haul travelling. Price is the major factor so they prefer to travel through low cost
flights, it is cost effective and they can reach to their destination comfortably.
Factor that is considered by travellers before purchasing air tickets.
Airline brand 1
Airport location 10
Ticket price 26
Discussion: From the discussion it is found that some answerers have viewed that airline brand is
the major factor that influence their mind. 10 out of 37 participants have viewed that airport
location is the major element that impact on their mind and they make their choice accordingly.
Furthermore, 26 respondents have said that ticket price of flights are the major element that is
considered by the people while travelling. From the discussion it can be interpreted that people
like to travel through such medium where they find cheaper ticket prices.
Class that usually prefer when travelling on long haul routes.
Economy class 24
Premium class 5
13

Business class 8
Discussion: From the discussion it is found that 24 out of 37 respondents have viewed that
maximum people prefer economic class when they travelling on long haul routes. It is analysed
that services and facilities of these class are much more effective and that make them feel happy
and they can afford it easily. On other hand 8 out of 37 answers have viewed that people like to
use business class while travelling. They think hat in the business class they can travel safely and
easily. Whereas 5 out of 37 participants have said that premium class booking usually prefer by
the travellers because they need luxurious travel. From the discussion it can be interpreted that
travellers prefer to travel in economic class sits. They think that it is in their budget and they can
get good facilities at affordable rates. That is why whenever people travel in long haul routes
they usually prefer to travel in economic classes.
Travel type
Full service airline 28
Low cost airline 9
14

Discussion: When researcher asked about type of travel that they have used last time then 28 out
of 37 respondents have viewed that they have travelled in full service airline. On other hand 9
out of 37 answers have said that low cost airline is the last travel type of them. From the
discussion it can be interpreted that low cost airline is less preferred by the consumers because
they think that it would take much type and its seats and other confront levels are below as
compare to full service airline. In the full service airlines they can get quality facilities and that
can make their journey memorable. That is why most of the people prefer more to full service
airlines rather than low cost flights.
Improvement require in low cost long haul flights.
Time schedule 8
Safety and reliability 8
Seats 10
Overhead services 11
Discussion: When researcher has asked about improvement in low cost long haul flights then 8
out of 37 respondents have said that these flights take much time and which is not good for
travellers that is why they do not prefer to fly in these airlines. If time can be improved then it
would help in increasing number of customers towards these airlines. On other hand 8 out of 37
answers have also viewed that safety and reliability is the major factors hat need to be improved
in low cost long haul airlines. By this way people will feel safe and they will travel in this route.
Apart from this, 10 out of 37 participants have viewed that uncomfortable seats are the major
issue in low cost long haul due of this people do not like to prefer travelling in this route. By
15

improving seats authorities can make it more effective and can improve sales of low cost long
haul flights. Whereas, 11 out of 37 respondents have said that overhead services need to be
improved that would help in attracting more people towards these flights. From the discussion it
can be interpreted that changes in seats and overhead services can support in improving facilities
of these flights. By this way travellers will prefer travelling on low cost long haul flights.
Preference on flying with low cost long haul flights if seats are comfortable.
Yes 31
No 2
May be 4
Discussion: Researcher has asked about whether people will prefer to flight in low cost long haul
flights if seats get improved, then 31 out of 37 respondents have viewed that yes if seats get
improved then company people will prefer this flights because it would be more comfortable. On
other hand 2 out of 37 answers have said that no it would not be good if seats get improved.
Seats can help them in comfortable travelling but services and other facilities can not be changed
by changing the seats. From the discussion it can be interpreted that improvement in seats would
be good for low cost long haul flights because it will make travelling comfortable for the
travellers. They will prefer to fly with this rout. By this way overall sales volume of airlines will
get increased to great extent.
Opinion on low cost long haul travel
Poor 3
Average 15
Good 17
16

Excellent 2
Discussion: From the discussion it is found that 15 out of 37 respondents have viewed that low
cost long haul is performing average. On other hand 17 out of 37 answers have said that its
working is good and it is able to fulfil needs of travellers. Apart from this, 3 out of 37
participants have viewed that services of low cost long haul are poor that is why people do not
like to travel on this route. From the discussion it can be interpreted that low cost long haul
flights are good enough but there is requirement of little improvement. That would help in
making them excellent and in attracting more travellers towards the flights.
Challenges in developing modern low-cost long haul carriers industry in Middle East Market
It has been analysed that Middle East market is one of the challenging area for the low
cost long haul airlines. In his area political instability is the major issues among these flights. Die
to political imbalance companies are unable to operate their business well and to run flights in
some big locations. All the time when political parties get changed then they make new aviation
norms and as these airlines have low budget so it is very difficult for them to make modification
in their flights immediate due to low budget (Tembleque-Vilalta and Suau-Sanchez, 2016). That
is the main issue in developing modern low cost long haul carriers in the middle east market.
There are many full service airlines that are providing quality facilities to consumers. Political
parties support to those flights because in this they have high chances of getting high revenues.
But in the low cost long haul routes they do not get much profit thus, they do not support these
airlines to that extent. It creates trouble for the airlines and they became unable to improve their
services to the great extent (Shaw, 2016).
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Another channelling for the low cost long haul carriers in the middle east is that operating
cost of aviation industry is too high. It includes fuel, maintenance, lending fees etc. Apart from
this tax, no fuel changes are also high as compare to other business. For that entities are required
to have sufficient financial resources so that they can run their business smoothly and can offer
satisfactory services to clients (Tembleque-Vilalta and Suau-Sanchez, 2016). It is not easy to
invest such large amount in operations for the low cost carriers. It has been analysed that middle
east market is the geographical area where these flights will have to invest high amount because
cost is too high and they will get lower premium. It is the danger for the low cost airlines because
they will not be able to get such high profit.
Currency fluctuation is another challenge for low cost long haul carriers. Due to
economic slow down most of the successful airlines had stopped their business in the Middle
East market (Fageda and et.al, 2017). Economy of Middle East is currently facing issue of Saudi
Arabia's crude oil price war. Which is one of the biggest problem for such type of low cost long
haul carriers because in this condition hey became unable to run their business significantly.
Another challenge for the low cost long haul flights is hat changes in climate situation. Middle
East is the geographical location, Egypt, Iraq are most famous place where environment can get
changed any time. Apart from his there are already many routes and it is very difficult to develop
long haul routes because it will increase traffic and by this way environment condition will get
negative (Shaw, 2016). Thus, it is a challenge for these airlines and they have to deal with
critical circumstances.
Illustration 1: Airline operating cost in middle
east market
Source: (Shaw, 2016)
Middle East market has big airline routes and there are many aviation firms those which
are operating at large scale. In such condition high competition is the biggest challenge for the
18

low cost long haul airlines and due to this they became unable to run their business and attracting
more people towards these flights. Multi faceted growth in the aviation industry of Middle East
market is increasing demand of more improvement so that it can attract more people and can
make them understand benefits of travelling through these flights. (Shaw, 2016)
Benefits of entering Middle East Market
From the investigation it has been analysed that middle East is one of the biggest region
in entire world in which growth of aviation industry is too high. It is the biggest opportunity for
the low cost long haul flights to get entered into this market. By this way they will be able to get
high revenues and will be able to sustain in the market for longer duration. It has been forecasted
by the rating agency that Middle East market is perfect for the growth of aviation firms because
thee is high growth in term of airline capacity and revenue travellers kilometres.
Illustration 2: increasing revenues of aviation industry in middle east
Source: (Fageda and et.al, 2017)
From the discussion it has been analysed that Middle East has strong trade and in
vestment links with many emerging markets. That supports the region in growing well and
developing economic position of the country. Government of Middle East has developed
reinvigoration of link with Asia help the location in emerging new silk road, reviving trade
routes. Another benefit of entering into the Middle East is that population of this area prefer
value base consumptions (Dobruszkes, Givoni and Vowles, 2017). They purchase any material
19

on the basis of their values and belief. That is why low cost long haul carriers can offer them
attracting facilities and benefits that would help in increasing number of customers of the region.
That is why in this location these aviation firms have high opportunities to attract potential
buyers.
Illustration 3: trade balance of different countries in middle east
Source: (Dobruszkes, Givoni and Vowles, 2017)
Serious competition is another opportunity for the aviation industry if it enterers into the
Middle East market. In this location there is huge competition, there are many big size full
service flights are working which are providing extra ordinary services to customers. Low cost
long fuel airlines have high scope because due to high business relation they can improve
standard of services and can get high profit in this market (Dobruszkes, Givoni and Vowles,
2017). From the investigation it has been analysed that IMF is pessimistic about the economy
development of Middle East region. It has been forecasted that South Arabia will grow 0.4% in
coming year which is positive for the aviation industry because people will spend money in air
travelling.
Challenges faced the airlines after entering Middle East Market
Low cost long haul airlines have good changes to grow well in the Middle East aviation
industry. Safety and security is the major problem that can be arisen after entering in the middle
east market. Once, aviation firms identify potential of market then they usually look upon the
20

economic condition of the nation. But after entering into this market they can get to know that
huge traffic can create trouble situation for the flights and it may cause safety issue in the
organization (Dobruszkes, Givoni and Vowles, 2017). If aviation authorities make changes in the
standards then these low cost long fuel carriers companies will have to make modifications in its
operations. It will enhance cost of the entity and due to this they will be unable to sustain in the
market for longer duration.
Illustration 4: issues that can arise after entering into market
Source: (Carreira, Lulli and Antunes, 2017)
It has been analysed that changes in government regulation and legislation related to
aviation industry in the middle east can create challenge for these low cost long fuel firms
because it will be very difficult for them to survive in the market. In the middle east region
authorities are continuously trying to develop infrastructure facilities. Due after entering into this
region aviation firms may face the issue that hey have not sufficient infrastructure facilities due
to this they can feel unable to conduct their business well (Dobruszkes, Givoni and Vowles,
2017). That may impact on their profitability and brand images. Because due to this, companies
will not be able to provide quality services to travellers that will, decrease their satisfaction level
and they will move to another firms.
Conclusion
From the above discussion it can be concluded that Middle East has high opportunities to
grow well in the aviation industry because of economic growth. But aviation firms can face
challenges after entering in to this region, there are issues of lack of infrastructure, changes in
government norms, political instabilities can affect overall business operation to aviation entities.
21

References
Carreira, J. S., Lulli, G. and Antunes, A. P., 2017. The airline long-haul fleet planning problem:
The case of TAP service to/from Brazil. European Journal of Operational Research.
Dobruszkes, F., Givoni, M. and Vowles, T., 2017. Hello major airports, goodbye regional
airports? Recent changes in European and US low-cost airline airport choice. Journal of
Air Transport Management. 59. pp.50-62.
Fageda, X. and et.al., 2017. Does market exit of a network airline affect airline prices and
frequencies on tourist routes?. Tourism Management. 61. pp.465-471
Shaw, S., 2016. Airline marketing and management. Routledge.
Tembleque-Vilalta, M. and Suau-Sanchez, P., 2016. A model to analyse the profitability of long-
haul network development involving non-hub airports: The case of the Barcelona–Asian
market. Case Studies on Transport Policy. 4(2). pp.188-197.
22

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion
From the study it can be articulated that low cost long haul airlines hires young people in
organization they can contribute well in the success of these firms and making it successful in the
aviation industry. Their advanced knowledge and confidence can support these entities in
achieving goal of the firm significantly. It has been found that travellers prefer travelling in
economic class because they think that its seats and other facilities are affordable and they can
travel with comfort. It saves their time and they also feel good in the economic class that is why
improvement in economic classes are good for low cost long haul airlines. From the above
investigation it can be articulated that flight timing is major factor that influence mind of
consumers or they look upon this element closely. If any of the airline is taking more time than
others then people will not go with it because time matters a lot to them. Thus, long haul airlines
need to pay attention on these elements by this way they will get success and will be able to enter
in the middle East effectively.
From the study it can be articulated that Middle East market is most suitable route for the
airline industry because it has big airline routes. But there are many aviation firms those which
are operating at large scale thus it is quit difficult for the long haul airline to operate in such well
developed market. High competition is the biggest challenge for low cost long haul airlines and
due to this they are unable to run their business and attracting more people towards these flights.
It can be concluded that demand of more improvement and multi faceted growth in the aviation
industry of Middle East market is increasing that would be beneficial in attracting more people
and making them understand benefits of travelling in these flights.
From the discussion it can be concluded that low cost airline is less preferred by most of
the consumers because they think that it takes much time and its seats and other confront levels
are below as compare to full service airline. In the full service airlines travellers get quality
facilities and that can make their journey memorable. That is why most of the people prefer more
to full service airlines rather than low cost flights. That is the main issue in the low cost long haul
airlines that it consumes too much time due to this, people do not like to go with this route. If this
problem can get resolved then it would be beneficial for the low cost long haul airlines to attract
more consumers towards these flights and they will be able to enhance their profitability. From
the discussion it can be articulated that trade investments and high competition in Middle East
23

market are major opportunity for airlines and by entering into this market aviation firms can get
high revenues and can improve its brand image. But economic slow down can create big trouble
and due to this companies may get failed to get success in the market.
Recommendations
From the discussion it is found that there are many issues in the low cost long haul
airlines and there is requirement to take immediate action to resolve these problems. Suggestions
to minimize these issues are discussed as below:
 Low cost long haul airlines need to improve its services such as better facility of seats,
time saving, other benefits in order to make the travel more comfortable. It will help in
attracting more people towards these flights.
 Middle East market has strong trade investment but due to political instability company
may get suffered from loss. But low cost long haul airlines should make effective
strategies so that they can face political imbalance and can sustain in critical situation as
well. Proper scheduling, planning and effective utilization of resources will be beneficial
for such aviation firms in resolving complex circumstances.
 High operational cost increasing prices of fuel are another issue for long haul airlines, for
resolving such type condition cited firms should use financial resources well and they
should use effective marketing stratifies by this way number of customers of the entities
will be enhances and it will help in increasing financial resources of the corporation. By
this way if prices get changed then low cost long haul airlines will be able to sustain in
the market significantly.
Research limitations
Scholar was not having sufficient time and due to this individual was unable to do more
research on the subject matter. Successfulness of low cost long haul airlines was the new topic
and their were fewer researches have been done on this topic. So scholar was facing little trouble
in getting the right content. Apart from this individual was not having financial resources that has
created problem for the persons because individual was unable to use advanced software. Low
cost long haul airlines are working hard but it was very difficult to communicate with the
respondents because they were not ready to share their views. In such condition investigator was
facing trouble in data collection. But with good communication skills individual has made them
understand and has convinced them to share their views (Dobruszkes, Givoni and Vowles, 2017).
24

Further, research
There are huge chances to conduct m ore investigation on low cost long haul airlines.
Present research was on the successfulness of these flights in middle east market. But scholar can
conduct study on operations of low cost long haul airlines, benefits of using these flights etc. in
the future.
Current topic also has chance to further research because in this study individual can
focus more on middle east market, its strengths and weakness for the aviation industry.
Investigator can investigate the opportunities for low cost long haul airlines if they enter into
middle east market.
Conclusion
From the above study it can be concluded that middle east market is very potential
because of its effective trade investments. There is high chances that economy will grow soon
that would be better for the low cost flights. Aviation industry is trying to improve their services
and making flights more comfortable for the customers so that traveller feel happy and prefer to
travel through this medium.
From the above discussion it can be articulated that high competition is one of the main
opportunity for aviation industry in the Middle East market. It is the place where most of the big
aviation companies are working and they are operating their business at large scale. It is found
that they all provide extra ordinary services to the customers that is why most of the population
of middle East prefer travelling through these flights. It can be concluded that low cost long fuel
airlines have high scope in the Middle East market as this location has good business relation
that would help this airline in raising standard of services, by this way it would be able to get
high profit in this market It is found that IMF is pessimistic about the economy development of
Middle East region and it is assumed that South Arabia will grow 0.4% in coming year which is
positive for the aviation industry because people will spend money in air travelling.
From the above study it can be articulated that low cost long haul airlines are far behind
from these developed flights because they offer poor entertainment facilities and seats and other
services are poor as compare to big airlines. Customers always prefer to travel on these flights in
which they can get good services Thus, it has become essential for the company that to improve
its facilities and make arrangement of entertainment in the flights for travellers. If low cost long
25

haul airlines provide them quality services and comfortable seats then it will make people
positive towards these airlines.
Challenges faced the airlines after entering Middle East Market
Low cost long haul airlines have good changes to grow well in the Middle East aviation
industry. Safety and security is the major problem that can be arisen after entering in the middle
east market. Once, aviation firms identify potential of market then they usually look upon the
economic condition of the nation. But after entering into this market they can get to know that
huge traffic can create trouble situation for the flights and it may cause safety issue in the
organization (Dobruszkes, Givoni and Vowles, 2017). If aviation authorities make changes in the
standards then these low cost long fuel carriers companies will have to make modifications in its
operations. It will enhance cost of the entity and due to this they will be unable to sustain in the
market for longer duration.
Reflective
From the above study on low cost long haul airlines I have learnt a lot. I was not having
any knowledge about Middle East market and these low cost long haul flights. I have read many
articles that have improved my knowledge about the subject matter. The main aim of conducting
this dissertation was to analyse success of low cost long haul airlines in Middle East region. I
have identified problem with the low cost long haul airlines and how they can get profit in the
middle east region. Objective of the study was that how this airline can attract more customers.
To achieve this objective I have search a lot and find ways of attracting travellers towards this
airline. I have improved my communication skill that would be beneficial for me in conducting
future research. In addition, I got to know about needs of consumers and their preferences. By
this way I become able to draw recommendations for the improvements. In order to identify
shortcoming I have read previous articles of other authors on the same subject. I have also did
google search that has helped in identifying problems and finding proper solutions of the same.
I have achieved the objective of the investigation significantly, my objective was to how
Air Asia X airline and other got succeeded in this market while others airlines got failed. I got to
know that other airlines provide high quality services to its consumers that makes them satisfy
towards the brand. Another objective of the study was that business model of these airline are
effective or not. Then it is analysed by me that Middle East has good potential market and
26

consumers want quality services. So low cost long haul airlines are required to make changes in
its business model in order to attract more people towards the brand.
References
Ho, M. S., 2014. Working Class Formation in Taiwan: Fractured Solidarity in State-Owned
Enterprises. 1945-2012. Springer.
Hunt, J.N., Petitt, K. and Truong, D., 2016. Efficiency Evaluation of Low-Cost Long-Haul
Carriers in the Trans-Atlantic and Asia-Pacific Markets. International Journal of Aviation
Systems, Operations and Training (IJASOT). 3(1). pp.34-48.
Miller, W. H., 2017. Royal Mail Liners 1925-1971. Amberley Publishing Limited.
Mishra, C., Singh, S. P. and Rokadia, J., 2015. Optimal power flow in the presence of wind
power using modified cuckoo search. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution. 9(7).
pp.615-626
27

CHAPTER 7: PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Introduction
Project management is the effective tool through which skills, methods, practices of
project can be identified and it can be measure that whether it will be able to achieve its objective
on time or not (Larson and Gray, 2013). Cost, quality, time are three major aspects of any
proposal, if it is able to meet with these prospects then it will be able to be successful. It falls into
three major categories such as initiative, planning, executing, monitoring and closing. Each
stage has different characteristics that help in completing the project on time with quality.
Ill
ustration 5: project management
Source: (Walker, 2015)
Project monitoring and meeting with supervisor
Project management is the techniques in which it is essential for the project manager to
monitor activities time to time. So that loop fall can be identified on time and manager can take
immediate action on time. It can support in completing the proposal on time without any failure.
To supervise the low cost long haul airlines project, manager has conducted meeting with he
higher authorities and has identified the goal of present proposal. They have declared the outline
of the proposal and suggested the ways of doing it. After that supervisor has arranged meeting
with supervisors and has circulated necessary information to all team members and make them
understand with the necessity of the project.
Individual has allotted responsibilities to all members. But project manager monitors the
activities of all employees those who are associated with the low cost long haul project. With the
help of close monitoring individual has got to know several issues in this element. Manager has
used innovative ways to overcome these problems by this way project manager become able to
28

complete the proposal on time without any complications. In every week supervisor arrange
meeting with team members in order to identify their views and problems if they are facing. By
this way real complications have been identified and manager has resolved all these issues on
time. Continuous monitoring and discussion with team members has helped the project manager
in achieving the objective of the project significantly.
Things gone well and things gone wrong
There were many things which were very good in the project management. Project
manager has made effective planning for this low cost long haul project. Individual has schedule
activities properly and has allotted the responsibilities to all team members in effective manner.
That is why it became possible for the person to complete present project on time without any
failure. Proper planning can be helpful in forecasting the things that can cause trouble in the
project and be prepare in advance for the same (Verzuh, 2015). Another good thing that has
occurred due to analytical skills of project manager. Individual has set realistic deadline for the
low cost long haul airline projects. This realistic deadline has supported in completing it on time
and reducing the issues of delay or failure.
Some things were there which was not good in this low cost long haul project. Due to
lack of financial resource's researcher was unable to use advanced software or technologies. That
has created trouble for scholar because in the absence of monitory resources individual had to
work with basic software (Mir and Pinnington, 2014). On some places, communication was poor
that has created trouble for the researcher and individual become unable to find out he views of
team members and their needs. So individual has not do anything to motivate them so that they
contribute well and support manager in achieving goal of the project.
Lesson learnt
Researcher has learned about the project management and its tools. It helps the scholar in
knowing the ways of managing the project and completing it on time. Individual has got to know
how to make effective planning and what factors need to be considered by the manager for
planning the project. By this way project can be completed on time and can accomplish its
objective significantly. Researcher has learned how to overcome the issues by making alternative
plan for any proposal. Individual has learned about communication skills and it importance in the
project management. It helps the scholar in managing the team and making them understand
about the common goal of low cost long haul project.
29

Project closure
In the project closure customer has signed the formal letter. No project can be closed until
contract get closed first and it is only possible when manager sign- off formal letter with clients.
After that final analysis of project scope is done in the closure phase. In this it has been analysed
that whether all deliverables has meet criteria or not. PIR report has been prepared and proper
recommendation is given in this respect. Re- Assigning of resources is being done so that new
project can be continue.
Risk assessment
Risk Pre
mitigation
probabilit
y (a) (1 to
5)
Pre
miti
gati
on
imp
act
(b)
(1 to
5)
Pre
mitigati
on
rating
(a*b)
Mitigation strategy
Scheduling
risk
4 2 8 Project manager has to schedule each
activity after analysing the situation
effectively. They should schedule it on the
bases of work breakdown structure.
Human
Resource risk
5 5 25 Project manager can hire skilled and
experienced people those who have
experience of aviation industry. They cam
perform better in this project.
Technical risk 2 1 2 Project manager has to ensure security,
usability and availability of the latest
30

technologies in the present system.
Communicati
on risk
3 2 6 Project manager should effectively use
formal and informal communication
methods so that no confusion take place.
References
Larson, E. W. and Gray, C., 2013. Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS
Project. McGraw-Hill.
Mir, F. A. and Pinnington, A. H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking
project management performance and project success.International journal of project
management. 32(2). pp.202-217.
Verzuh, E., 2015. The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley & Sons.
Walker, A., 2015. Project management in construction. John Wiley & Sons.
31