Risk Management Discussion 2022

Running head: RISK MANAGEMENT
RISK MANAGEMENT
Name of Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1RISK MANAGEMENT
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Discussion........................................................................................................................................2
Evaluation and comparison of three quality management plans.....................................................2
Quality management plan................................................................................................................7
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11
References......................................................................................................................................13

2RISK MANAGEMENT
Introduction
Quality management plans refers to all those procedures and policies related to quality
management for the purpose of project processes and project deliverables and therefore it helps
in determination of the responsibility of the people, various documents of compliance and others.
It is usually developed by a contractor (Adan, 2015). The quality refers to the degree to which
the requirements are fulfilled by the projects. Some of the major purposes of the quality
management plans is customer re1quirement conformity, conformity to different internal and
external procedures, facilitating the traceability and various other purposes. It is therefore
important for all project managers because it helps them in determining if the deliverables are of
the required quality or not and to assess the effectiveness of project processes (Fewings &
Henjewele, 2019). The main aim of the paper is to discuss about the various quality management
plans such as- quality planning framework, continuous improvement framework and the
establishment of the project quality control board. The project chosen for the purpose of this
study is construction project (Kerzner, 2017).
Discussion
Evaluation and comparison of three quality management plans
The international Standard for organizations develops different standards in order to
provide protection to the society from different potential errors (Harrison & Lock, 2017). The
ISO 9001, 2015, has the intention of reflecting the change in the environment, and to deliver
confidence in the ability of the organization in providing products that can meet the needs of the
customers and various other regulations. The 8 main principles of quality management according
to ISO is that of Customer focus, leadership, people involvement, process approach, systems

3RISK MANAGEMENT
approach, continuous improvement, decision making using a factual approach and beneficial
relationship with suppliers. Customer focus approach can be achieved by focusing on the needs
and expectation of the customers. Leadership implies creating an environment where all the
employees are aiming to achieve the organisational objectives.
People involvement involves retention of the competent employees, encouragement of
continuous improvement in knowledge and skills, empowering all the employees and others.
Leaders success depends upon improving performance through controlling of all the processes.
The systems approach aims at managing all the processes as a part of a coherent system.
Continuous improvement refers to adapting to different changes taking place in the environment
in order to maintain the present position (Karunasena, Rathnayake & Senarathne, 2016).
Decision making based on factual approach refers to gathering information from different
sources in order to take decision based on evidences. In adherence to these principle of quality
management, the quality management plans were decided. The three main quality management
plans chosen for the purpose of this study is- quality planning framework, continuous
improvement framework and establishment of the project quality control board. The quality
planning framework comprises of quality material, quality event and quality metrics. Quality
material comprises of quality standards, quality guidelines, quality checklist, quality templates,
quality procedures and processes and user guides (Obeidat et al., 2016).
Quality standards refers to the way a particular project aspect must be carried out. There
should not be nay deviations from these standards (Miranda, 2017). The quality guidelines
include providing guidelines rather than dictation of how the work is to be undertaken.
Checklists provide the list of activities for carrying out a task or project. Templates can be used
in different stages of quality management and comprises of blank document. Procedures and

4RISK MANAGEMENT
processes refer to the way in which project is to be carried out and the major difference between
the process and procedures are that process lays down the steps (Neyestani, 2018). User
guidelines provide information regarding the application of different procedures on the task
(Mosavianpour et al., 2016). Quality events comprises of expert review, peer review, review by
multiple people, walk-through, formal inspection and others. Expert review includes carrying out
a review of the project by the expert because of their knowledge of a particular area. Peer review
comprises of deliverables review by peers and is considered as a much better option when
content is not as important as the structure. There can be multiple review of the deliverable by
more than one person as this helps in identifying the main points easily however there can also
be issues related to reconciliation of viewpoints of the people (Neyestani, 2017). There can be
formal inspection as well such as inspection by external inspectors and his duty is basically to
identify the defects. There can be different types of quality metrics also such that the subjectivity
can be removed from the projects.
These quality planning framework shows the application of the principles of the quality
management in case of real projects since it lays down all the activities relating to quality
material, quality events and others that can be carried out in order to have a practical application
of the same (Rumane, 2017). Therefore these plans of quality management shows adherence to
the principles because the framework of quality framework is aimed at meeting the customers’
requirements and needs by meeting their expectations and needs, involvement of people in the
plans by having appropriate quality procedures and process as implemented by leaders in the
organization. Quality events such as peer review, multi-person review and others that help in
taking decision through the factual approach. Continuous improvement framework adheres to the
principle of continuous improvement of the quality management principles. There is continuous

5RISK MANAGEMENT
improvement framework and this helps in identification of all those faults in projects that can
arise in other similar projects. A step by step framework helps in improving all aspects of
organization such as resources and others. For instance in case of a template missing their
heading, not only the document needs to be fixed but also the template (Sinuff et al., 2015).
Another example is that in case a project that continuously fails to meet the standards either the
standards needs to be changed or the cause needs to be fixed. In the framework of continuous
change, there needs to be cycle stage comprising of plan, do, check, and act.
Through the PDCA cycle application, practical application of the continuous
improvement principle can be shown. There needs to be an establishment of the Project Quality
control boards. Some of the major responsibilities of the board is to- ensure that all the standards
have been met that have been laid by them for the deliverables, consultation with different
leaders such as work packages leaders and others. The main task of the board is to- review the
technical reports, to carry out the quality control of all the deliverables and also includes guiding
the leaders about contents and characteristics of the deliverables. Therefore the main objective of
the board is to- see that the output is consistent with all the requirements of projects. To ensure
that the reports are of the highest quality. The board comprises of different members such as-
The QAM or the quality assurance manager. A representative of each of the consortium and
others who will also be working as an internal inspector. The board can help in ensuring that the
quality management principles are adhered to in case of actual projects such as construction
project and others (Femi, 2015).
The different management issues can be identified through continuous improvement
framework and through establishment of the board of project quality control. This is so because
continuous improvement includes steps of planning, doing, checking and acting. Therefore in the

6RISK MANAGEMENT
stage of checking the major reasons for any deviations are identified and acting stages involves
undertaking rational actions in order to remove all deviation and to achieve quality control plans
and objectives of the same. The board on the other hand, ensures the conformity and compliance
to all the principles of quality management and helps in identification of any issues being faced
by the organization relating to the principles (Grosse et al., 2015). It is the task of the board to
provide guidance to all the leaders such as WP leaders and others such that they can take
corrective actions related to any deviations in relation to the quality of the deliverables. It is also
the duty to check the quality of all the deliverables and others. The board ensures conformity to
all the AIDE work description and also carries out consultation with various leaders in order to
explain to them the expected characteristics of the deliverables in order to avoid any problems
and so that timely actions can be taken.
Figure 1: Quality control organization chart for projects
Source: (Wang et al., 2015 )

7RISK MANAGEMENT
Quality management plan
Delivera
ble
Quality
Event
Quality
Materials
Quality
Metrics
Purpose
Prelimina
ry analysis of
business case
Review
by an expert
selected for this
purpose
There
needs to be a
business
template
The
template needs to
be completed
Ensure
authentic
information
Final
analysis of the
business case
Inspectio
n to be done by
sponsors
An
approval is
needed from the
project board
The
business case
should be
submitted to the
review
committee
The
project
management
plan
There
needs to be a
draft
There has
to be a template
for project
management
The
template has to
be completed
Early
draft for the
project also
needs to be
completed
Program
me design
Expert
will review the
design of the
project
The
objectives,
guidelines, other
requirements of
the program
needs to be
submitted
Design
should meet all
the guidelines of
the program
There has
to be compliance
with the terms of
the contract.
Identification of issues in the construction project
The main aim of this phase of the framework is to identify all the problems and
challenges that are preventing the project from being of good quality. Therefore this stage of
problem identification acts as a platform for identifying the different problems and also
generating different options. This stage is important because the later stages are dependent upon
the problems identified in this stage. All those problems are to be considered that does not let the
product to be of highest quality and that can act as obstacles in the way of achieving the same.
The quality management plan of construction projects starts with identification of different

8RISK MANAGEMENT
quality issues being faced by construction projects. Some of the major issues of quality
management in relation to construction projects are that of errors in electrical system, roof
cracks, lack of control and supervision, poor quality of material, design complexity and others.
These problems have been identified on the basis of various surveys and relevant sources of data.
Selection of personnel for the construction project
There needs to be appropriate personnel for all construction projects. There has to be
quality manager- who shall be responsible for the quality of the project. The clients should be
informed about the quality manager of the project and should also be aware of the
responsibilities of the manager. There will also be superintendent who will look after-
employment of sub-contractors and crew foreman, there will further be purchase manager who
will be responsible for purchase of different material that is necessary for the project. For
instance, the purchase manager will look after quality of material at the time of purchase such
that these issues can be avoided or reduced. There is also a project manager whose work is to
look after the overall execution and planning for the entire project.
Quality communications
Various start-up meetings will be held in order to discuss the various quality issues being
faced by the project. This plan will help in sharing all the reports, results of tests and others to
the clients and facilitate proper communication of all necessary information.
Surveillance of quality assurance
Surveillance of quality assurance will be done in the organization in order to monitor the
quality of the projects and for the purpose of ensuring that the projects are being done in

9RISK MANAGEMENT
accordance with different standards. The monitoring of the project will be done on a monthly
basis, the quality will be reviewed and also the number of defects in the quality will be reviewed.
This plan is prepared such that clients can have an idea about the monitoring and reviewing
process of the project. This will help in improving the transparency of the project.
Suppliers and sub-contractors
Suppliers and sub-contractors for the project will be selected on the basis of the
relationship of the company with the suppliers and also the regularity of the flow of the goods
will be checked (AlMaian et al., 2015). Price offered will also be a factor for consideration
however beside this, the capability of the suppliers and the sub-contractors will be checked. The
past records of the sub-contractors and suppliers will be checked in order to understand which
suppliers and sub-contractors should be selected for the completion of the project smoothly. The
criteria on which the suppliers are to be selected will be mentioned in this plan.
Specification of project quality
The specification of the quality of the project will be decided by the client. However, in
many cases where the standard has not been mentioned by the clients it will be decided by the
project manager and the same needs to be communicated to the client such that there are no
confusions related to which versions and which standards are applicable and are to be followed.
There can be specification related to quality of the project also such that specialised requirements
that are needed in the projects can also be mentioned by the clients.
Tests and inspection

10RISK MANAGEMENT
The construction process comprises of inspection of different work phases and performs
tests of quality verification or even system function. An inspection report is also prepared for this
purpose such that the exact time of tests and inspection can be known. A list of tests and
inspection is to be prepared for the entire duration of the project. The procedure of task
inspection is given in the tests and inspection report. It is also important to share the report of
tests and inspection to the clients irrespective of their decision. It needs to be ensured that work
is going to be started, handling of material inspection and receipt of material is to be done, and
the work in progress needs to be monitored. The completed work needs to be compared with
project specifications to see that there is compliance.
Control of deviations from performance
In the process of construction, there can be different activities that can go wrong in
different situations. In order to maintain the quality of the project, it is necessary to identify any
deviations from the quality standards or principles in terms of performance. The non-
performance needs to be controlled in such a way that it avoids the punch items and routine
corrections such that extra work is avoided. The procedures of the deviation or non-performance
include preventing cover-ups, keeping records of all the incidents, and taking corrective actions.
It is the responsibility of the quality manager to see that all the activities of the project are being
carried out according to all the quality standards and quality principles and identify any
deviations such that corrective actions can be taken by him. For instance in order to ensure that
the quality of the raw material is of good quality such that the construction project does not
suffer from poor quality, the work of the purchase manger is inspected.
Inspections related to completion of projects

11RISK MANAGEMENT
The entire process of quality management plans, are related to the phases of work and
also individual work. However it is necessary to understand the way in which the inspection is to
be carried out and punching out near the end such that the specifications of the project are
consistent with the various quality standards.
The quality control report so prepared on the basis of the above mentioned plans
includes- the suppliers or the contractors and their responsibility in their areas of operation.
Information regarding the equipment’s or even operating plant for hours worked, hours it
remained idle and the period for which the machinery was down are all to be mentioned in the
report. Information regarding what is done by whom and their responsibilities are to be
mentioned, and in case of NAS or the network analysis system, and the work done by NAS
activities. Control activities or the testing done with results that is in accordance with the
standards, has to be identified. Initially the control phase is identified and it is necessary to carry
out an action in case of quality control, process and therefore the control phase has to be
identified. The statement of acceptability in case of receipt of material is to be done.
Conclusion
From the above discussion it can be concluded that, quality management is important for
all project managers because it helps them in determining whether the quality is being
maintained for all the deliverables and to assess if the project processes with which the
deliverables are produced is effective or not. An effective quality management plan is necessary
for the organization because it helps in ensuring compliance with the customer requirements and
needs, facilitating traceability, providing a basis of training, ensuring compliance with the
internal and external procedures and standards. The project chosen for the purpose of this report
is Construction project. The paper discuses about the various quality management plans such as

12RISK MANAGEMENT
the quality planning framework, continuous improvement framework and establishment of the
project quality control board and to show their adherence to quality management principles, and
others. The paper also discusses about the plans of quality management related to construction
projects and the elements that the plan contains has been given such as- personnel required for
projects, problem identification and others.

13RISK MANAGEMENT
References
Adan, M. A. (2015). Effects of total quality mangement implementation on service
delivery in Organizations (A case study of Kenya School of monetary studies).
AlMaian, R. Y., Needy, K. L., Walsh, K. D., & Alves, T. D. C. (2015). Supplier quality
management inside and outside the construction industry. Engineering Management
Journal, 27(1), 11-22.
Femi, O. T. (2015). Barriers and benefits of total quality management in the Nigerian
construction industry: A review. International Journal of Engineering Works, 2(1), 7-13.
Fewings, P., & Henjewele, C. (2019). Construction project management: an integrated
approach. Routledge.
Grosse, E. H., Glock, C. H., Jaber, M. Y., & Neumann, W. P. (2015). Incorporating
human factors in order picking planning models: framework and research
opportunities. International Journal of Production Research, 53(3), 695-717.
Harrison, F., & Lock, D. (2017). Advanced project management: a structured approach.
Routledge.
Karunasena, G., Rathnayake, R. M. N. U., & Senarathne, D. (2016). Integrating
sustainability concepts and value planning for sustainable construction. Built Environment
Project and Asset Management, 6(2), 125-138.
Kerzner, H. (2017). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling,
and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.

14RISK MANAGEMENT
Miranda, B. (2017). Total Quality Management Based on Equipment
Maintenance. Journal of Economic & Management Perspectives, 11(4), 1622-1625.
Mosavianpour, M., Sarmast, H. H., Kissoon, N., & Collet, J. P. (2016). Theoretical
domains framework to assess barriers to change for planning health care quality interventions: a
systematic literature review. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 9, 303.
Neyestani, B. (2017). Principles and Contributions of Total Quality Mangement (TQM)
Gurus on Business Quality Improvement. Available at SSRN 2950981.
Neyestani, B. (2018). The Effects of TQM Implementation in ISO 9001 Certified
Construction Firms (Doctoral dissertation, De La Salle University, Manila).
Obeidat, B. Y., Hashem, L., Alansari, I., Tarhini, A., & Al-Salti, Z. (2016). The effect of
knowledge management uses on total quality management practices: a theoretical
perspective. Journal of Management and strategy, 7(4), 18-29.
Rumane, A. R. (2017). Quality management in construction projects. CRC Press.
Sinuff, T., Dodek, P., You, J. J., Barwich, D., Tayler, C., Downar, J., ... & Heyland, D. K.
(2015). Improving end-of-life communication and decision making: the development of a
conceptual framework and quality indicators. Journal of pain and symptom management, 49(6),
1070-1080.
Wang, J., Sun, W., Shou, W., Wang, X., Wu, C., Chong, H. Y., ... & Sun, C. (2015).
Integrating BIM and LiDAR for real-time construction quality control. Journal of Intelligent &
Robotic Systems, 79(3-4), 417-432.