Robot Design For Use In Healthcare

Robot Design For Use In Healthcare 1
ROBOT DESIGN FOR USE IN HEALTHCARE
Name of student
Institution
Date

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Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................. 4
Project Background..................................................................................................... 4
Aims of the study project.............................................................................................. 5
Resources and Restraints.............................................................................................. 6
Literature review........................................................................................................... 7
Introduction............................................................................................................... 7
History of medical robots.............................................................................................. 7
Features of medical robots............................................................................................ 7
Types of robots utilized in the medical field......................................................................8
Hospital robots..................................................................................................... 8
Surgical robots........................................................................................................ 9
Care robots........................................................................................................... 10
Exoskeletons......................................................................................................... 10
Use of robotics and autism.......................................................................................... 11
A critical review of the past pieces of literature...............................................................13
Methodology and approach............................................................................................ 19
Approach................................................................................................................ 19
Robot hardware........................................................................................................ 20
Face and hand detection.......................................................................................... 20
Face and hand tracking........................................................................................... 21
Therapeutic protocol..................................................................................................... 22
Eye contact.............................................................................................................. 22
Joint attention.......................................................................................................... 23
Body imitation.......................................................................................................... 24
Facial expression imitation.......................................................................................... 24
Fundamental requirements............................................................................................. 25
Test plan indicators................................................................................................... 26
Documentations of the system design............................................................................. 27
The Relationship Entity Diagram.............................................................................. 27
UML................................................................................................................... 28
The Architecture of the system..................................................................................... 29
Design of the UI........................................................................................................ 30

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The Report implementation......................................................................................... 30
Discussion................................................................................................................... 32
Trends of technology used in robotics............................................................................32
Impacts of robotic technology...................................................................................... 33
Impacts of robotics on job production/ efficiency..........................................................33
Impacts of robotics on job loss..................................................................................34
Regulatory and Ethical concerns within the system.............................................................34
Conclusion.............................................................................................................. 40
Bibliography........................................................................................................... 41
APPENDIX............................................................................................................... 49
Chatbot (Speech Bot Simulator) Development.............................................49

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Introduction.
Robotics as a study branch, particularly entails the use of information, electronics and
mechanical forms of engineering (Halperin, Kavraki and Solovey 2017). Robots are, machines
that result from robotics science and have a lot of features similar to humans in relation to most
activities they perform. For some industries around the world, robots are being used for purposes
of achieving quality products and in performance of a lot of work which humans cannot easily
perform within a short time. Development of software to mimic autistic patients is explained in
this study work. Furthermore, a system that aids in non-verbal and verbal communicability of
patients is formed.
Project Background
Performance of work using robots has grown to be a common practice among many industries on
a daily basis around the world (Yang et al. 2018). The working protocols and modern market
segments have been majorly improved by robotics engineering. This practice has helped improve
efficiency in performing work while at the same time reducing the operational cost within most
companies. Robots have been commonly used in a number of fields ranging from industries,
hospitals to other educational institutions (Taylor et al. 2016). This study project has majorly
criticized the application of robots in hospitals where it is used in monitoring the non-verbal and
verbal communicability of autistic patients through a software system which is developed. This
software system required is to be able to enhance communicability skills in autistic patients.
This will, therefore, act as a remedy to help in treating those autistic patients. It is worth noting
that robotics engineering has a range of merits (Miller and Nourbakhsh 2016), and especially in
this study where is used in the treatment of individuals instead of using health workers. As a
result, this will help improve efficiency and minimize errors while performing the activities

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involved. There is fatigue which can be experienced by a human being but never experienced by
robots which can severally perform similar tasks repeatedly without being fatigued (Selig, 2017).
All these concepts are all addressed in this study project. In addition, production of human-like
robots with similar characteristic using the same software is also an aim to aid autistic patients in
communication and learning in this study project.
Aims of the study project
This study project is aimed at developing a communication assistant through mechanized robots
to be used in health facilities and other related organizations. By the end of this study project, the
target is that information formulated will be reliable enough to be used in improving non-verbal
and verbal communicability and learning skills in those underprivileged individuals.
Alternatively, the information gained in this study could also be important to individuals who
have access to it in interviews while searching for jobs.
Objectives of the project
Currently, this project study has a number of objectives. Basically, is to be able to develop non-
verbal and verbal communication assistant using a software system. Through this, the objective
of this project would be achieved.
 Firstly, this study project objective is to be able to develop a simulator assistant which
can be mechanically combined in robots. The software system to be used to mimic
autistic patients is to be developed with the help of a python with will help in
implementing the verbal and non-verbal communicability in those patients (Jobski et al.
2017).
 Secondly, an assessment of whether robots are efficient enough in performing work is
examined. Several sections in this study project have indicated that robots are really

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efficient to perform work in various companies. The assessment of effectiveness in the
performance of work and the end products is important.
 Thirdly, this study project objective is to determine the technologies and current trends
effective for developing robots. Those technologies which can be potentially useful in the
development of robots Is therefore critical in this project.
 The other objective of this project is to determine the effects of using robots to aid in
learning in disabled individuals.
 Finally, this project objectively aims to determine the effects of robotics technology on
people's jobs.
Resources and Restraints.
Certain fundamental requirements had to be met for this project to be effectively completed.
There is a need for internet access to carry out research. Other learning materials such as books
and journals related to robotics engineering is also a requirement. Competent personnel in
mechanical and software engineering who can operate the robots and computer systems is also
required. The data obtained in those computer systems are considered confidential and are only
accessible to by few.

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Literature review
Introduction
With the high rise in the ageing population more so in the developed nations, the use of robots is
gaining momentum in the nursing homes specifically in the assistive medical care. For such
robots to be able to meet the various needs of the elderly population as well as those with special
care, there is the need to focus on more implementation modes (Wass and Porayska, 2014). The
most probably human mode is speech, and thus the robot requires the general capabilities as well
as speech recognition. Currently, most of the focus has been directed to the implementation of
flexible robotic speech generation frameworks which ill offer a high degree of expressiveness as
well as quality (Grossard et al., 2018).
History of medical robots
The introduction of robots in the medical field began in the early 1980s through the science of
medicine, and it was utilized for medical operations. At this time, the application of robots in the
field of telemedicine also began by the national aeronautics and space administration.
Telemedicine is termed as the application of robots in the treatment and observation of patients
without actually being physically present by the patient (Wong et al., 2015). With the
improvements and advancements in telemedicine, its application found a way in the battlefields.
By the close of the twentieth century, the use of robotic was progressed in the surgery operations
as well as other areas. Currently, robotic is applied in numerous areas of operation within the
health sector, with the advancement still in progress (Lanyi et al., 2012).
Features of medical robots
The management of the medical robots are by the physicians via computerized consoles. These
consoles might be near the patient or located offsite. The consoles refer to multiple or single

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arms which are being controlled by the physicians. The nature of the surgery being undertaken
determines the shape of the arm. The medical requirement is integrated within the robotics
before beginning to perform a surgery or a therapy, hence facilitating traversing of the human
body in an appropriate way (Brown et al., 2011).
Majorly, these medical robots are utilized to odder provision in terms of increased patient
comfort, enhanced diagnostic capabilities, as well as meticulous interventions. The physician is
able to access the patient images and thus. Accordingly, perform controls on the robot from the
computer.
Types of robots utilized in the medical field
Hospital robots
These types of robots have the ability to perform a wide range of applications ranging from lab
specimens, distributing medications as well as handling of other sensitive materials such as
patient data. There are robots such as TUG which have the ability to carry out all these functions,
thus significantly reducing the cost of patient care. The diagram below shows an illustration of
the hospital robot (Boucenna et al., 2014).