Using the Principles of Primary Health Care to Protect and Promote Human Immunodeficiency

DISCUSS HOW COMMUNITY NURSES CAN USE THE PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE TO PROTECT AND PROMOTE HEALTH FOR PEOPLE AT RISK OF EXPOSURE TO HIV TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 MAIN BODY1 CONCLUSION 5 REFERENCES 6 INTRODUCTION Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that damages the immune system. As per the view of DeMarco and Healey-Walsh, (2019) stated that life expectancy of Australian living with HIV has steadily increasing and approaching general

DISCUSS HOW COMMUNITY NURSES CAN USE
THE PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
TO PROTECT AND PROMOTE HEALTH FOR
PEOPLE AT RISK OF EXPOSURE TO HIV

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that damages the immune system. This
is sexually transmitted infection that spreads through infected blood or can be caused from
mother to child during pregnancy (HIV PREVENTION PROGRAMMES OVERVIEW, 2019). It
damage the immune system and individual becomes unable to fight the organism that leads to
disease.
The present report is based on to define the impact of HIV on individuals, families and
community in Australia. Furthermore, assignment will lay emphasise on principles of primary
health care to protect and promote people at risk of exposure to HIV. Lastly, intervention will
define by community nurses to protect and promote health for this vulnerable population.
MAIN BODY
Theme 1: Impact of HIV on individuals, families and community in Australia.
HIV attacks a specific type of immune system cell in the body. It is called as CD4 helper
cell or T cell. As per the view of Prodan‐Bhalla and Browne, (2019) stated that this disease has
caused demographic imbalance due to illness and death of maximum people in their productive
years. Thus, its resulting economic and social disaster for families and communities. In contrary
to DeMarco and Healey-Walsh, (2019) stated that life expectancy of Australian living with HIV
has steadily increasing and approaching general population. According to the view of Sharda,
Daniel and White, (2019) stated that chronic illness can change family roles that causing anger or
guilt. The HIV has revel aspects of person behaviour that results in feeling of guilt, blame that
leads to the relationship breakdown. Thus, Butts and Rich, (2019) stated that HIV is not spread
through everyday contact. Individual with HIV are not dangerous to the individuals they live at
home or in community with whom they have ordinary and non sexual contact.
As per the research this has been identified that HIV infection rate within the indigenous
community has been enhanced by 41% between the years as 2013 to 2016. In contrary to
stated that Aboriginal communities experiencing range of health disparities and this has profound
impact on life of individuals that has heightened risk of HIV. As per the view of Butts and Rich,
(2019) stated that Injecting drug use is enhancing among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander people that is inclusive among the significant sub-population of people who resides in
prison. Men and women in remote communities are significantly higher risk of acquiring HIV
sexually and also faces the long term health problems. Impact of HIV is high in this area as the
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use of condom is low and that leads to high prevalence of sexually transmitted disease. On the
other, the presence of low self esteem, poverty, heterosexual transmission, lack of resource and
sexual assault are the main cause of spreading HIV. On the other, stated that HIV is having the
profound impact on the women and young people. In addition to this, Prodan‐Bhalla and
Browne, (2019) stated that HIV prevention among the aboriginal women means preventing
new exposures and to prevent the rapid progression of disease. There is needs to encourage
individuals to attend their own health and wellness.
Theme 2: Discussion on community nurses that can use principles of primary health care to
protect and promote risk of exposure to HIV.
The primary role of nurse is to provide the treatment to patients. Thus, community health
nurses needs to take initiatives to offer education to community members in terms to maintaining
their health. As per the view of Butts and Rich, (2019) stated that community nurses have been
working to improve the health status of people living in the community. Community health nurse
needs to put their major consideration over the long term and short term care for disease
prevention. Their main role is to work towards controlling the spreads of flu. With the help of
depth study, it has been found that HIV experience discrimination by the Nurses in healthcare by
things as ranging from prejudicial attitudes, lack of eye contact and denial or care. In order to
cope up with it, community nurses are needed to be appointed so that they can able to provide
better care to the Aboriginal indigenous community. In contrary to Prodan‐Bhalla and Browne,
(2019) stated that discrimination and stigmatisation are the core barriers to people accessing HIV
testing and treatment that are associated with poor mental and physical outcomes of health.
Henceforth, the community nurses needs to implement the principles that aids to provide
quality nursing care to provide appropriate non discriminatory treatment and care that seeks to
eliminate the prejudicial' attitudes. As per the view of Prodan‐Bhalla and Browne, (2019)
stated that knowledge, skills and attitude are the core factor for the healthcare professionals in
the provision of the care. Thus, nurses are the patients first contact and they have the authorities
to analyse the risk of sexual tendencies, educate against them and to promote the better public
health. According to the view of Prodan‐Bhalla and Browne, (2019) stated that community
nurses must employs the code of ethics, education and knowledge about the HIV to the
community so this can aids to promote the risk of exposure of disease. Therefore, community
nurse needs to taken the following steps as are-
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 To engage community inclusive of the HIV positive Aboriginal women under the
planning and delivery of programs and services.
 To be the holistic and recognize in terms to physical, mental, spiritual and emotional
interconnected with the general public.
 To provide better responds to the needs of women within community.
 To support the principle of self determination and other principles that laid out in the
declaration on the rights of the indigenous people.
As per the view of Prodan‐Bhalla and Browne, (2019) stated that community health
nursing is the discipline that incorporates the evidence based research along with the new
approached towards to improving the health. Henceforth, the primary role of community nurse is
to provide the treatment to patients. Thus, aboriginal community suffers from HIV disease due to
lack of knowledge. In order to cope up with community nurses must provide knowledge about
maintaining the health so that there can be reduction in the occurrence of disease and deaths. In
contrary to Prodan‐Bhalla and Browne, (2019) stated that nurses needs to uses the principles as
to involves health education, prevention and control of the endemic disease. Henceforth, the
main aim of health promotion is to reduce the demand for the curative and rehabilitative care.
Thus, community nurses must use the appropriate technology to provide better support to the
community, social and cultural development. On the other hand, stated that innovative models
of the healthcare needs to be in use so that effective care services to the individuals can be given.
Theme 3: Intervention uses by community nurses to protect and promote health for vulnerable
population.
Preventive measures will have the great impact in terms to reduce the potential harms that
make people suffers from the chronic disease. As per the view of Butts and Rich, (2019) stated
that HIV prevention among the Aboriginal community means to preventing the rapid progression
of the disease among those who are suffering from the HIV positive. Thus, community nurses
must take initiatives to implement robust HIV campaign to take into consideration within the
aboriginal communities. In contrary to DeMarco and Healey-Walsh, (2019) stated that
community focused nursing practice requires the unique set of skills and knowledge. Thus,
health care delivery system needs to involve the building relationship with the community to
respond the changes. According to the view of DeMarco and Healey-Walsh, (2019) stated that
the primary prevention are involving as to develop strategies that aids to prevent the risk and
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development of the unhealthy behaviours. Thus, intervention towards the vulnerable population
can be taken with help of looking over things as health promotion, illness prevention, restoration
of the health of families, communities and individuals. Thus, Butts and Rich, (2019) stated
community nurses needs to implement HIV intervention programmes that focused primary on
preventing the sexual transmission through the behaviour change. In order to have the great
sustained impact on reducing the impact of disease prevention, there is need to have the right
based, evidence informed and community owned programmes that uses the mix of behavioural,
biomedical and structural intervention all are prioritised to meet the current HIV prevention
needs within Aboriginal communities. In order to reduce the impact of HIV on population nurse
plays vital role. They are responsible for generating awareness and providing facilities.
Moreover, government has also laid emphasis on developing some intervention to protect people
from HIV. There are several interventions which are followed by nurse in protecting community
from HIV. They minimise social isolation of homosexual people.
Also, people who are addicted to drugs are aware about its impact on health. However,
nurse tries to protect drug addict for sexual transmission. Beside this, patients are given diagnosis
care. They are suggested to develop plan accordingly. As said by Butts and Rich, (2019) another
intervention is nurse provide assistance to people. They listen and share feelings of people and
then accordingly provide treatment. In addition nurse educates people about HIV and advise
them to take precautions while testing. For this programs and seminars are conducted within
communities. It allows people to engage with it and know about how HIV spread and what are
its affect on society. Nurses also make consult people not to share personal things and needles.
They also provide precautions and measures of preventing infection through which HIV spreads.
According to Prodan‐Bhalla and Browne, (2019) another interventions followed by nurse is
understanding behaviour of people that can be reduce or eliminate risk of HIV. They implement
methods through which risk of spreading of disease is prevented. Furthermore, by assisting in
health care services nurse promote health.
They analyse behaviour of people and assist them to ways to stay safe and take proper
precautions in doing sex. In this way it allows nurses to generate awareness among community
regarding HIV. Alongside, in community while providing primary health care facilities
precaution is taken. There are many support groups formed by nurses in community by which
promotion is done. It is resulting in significant changes in people behaviour regarding prevention
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from HIV. Nurses are able to support socially to people and eliminating risks. Apart from it,
there are some programs as well initiated by government with help of nurses. The promotion by
educating people and suggesting measures to reduce its risk. They make them aware about
different types of sexual disease through which HIV spreads. Furthermore, there are many
awareness programs promoted by nurses to promote health. It has lead to improvement in
lifestyle of vulnerable community (HIV in Aboriginal Communities, 2019).
These all intervention programs have made it easy for nurses to promote healthy lifestyle.
By this community is able to educate about measures and precautions taken required to protect
HIV. However, Prodan‐Bhalla and Browne, (2019) many other interventions such as use of
social media, strategies, health care planning, etc. are initiated as well to protect community from
HIV. Now, people are aware about what precautions and measures are to be taken, what
medicine is required, etc.
CONCLUSION
Hereby, it can be concluded that community nursing practices needs to develop strategies
and interventions that aids to prevent individuals from disease. Thus, HIV is a virus that spreads
with certain body fluids and this attacks body immune system.
Therefore, present report has covered the discussion on how community nurses uses
principle of primary healthcare to protect and promote health for people for exposure of risk of
HIV. However, report has also covered the interventions that uses by community nurses to
promote health for vulnerable population.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Prodan‐Bhalla, N. and Browne, A.J., 2019. Exploring Women's Health Care Experiences
Through an Equity Lens: Findings from a Community Clinic Serving Marginalized
Women. Journal of clinical nursing.
DeMarco, R. and Healey-Walsh, J., 2019. Community & Public Health Nursing: Evidence for
Practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Sharda, N., Daniel, K. and White, H., 2019. The Principles of Disease and Disability Prevention
and Health Promotion with Increasing Age. In Healthy Aging (pp. 15-22). Springer, Cham.
Butts, J.B. and Rich, K.L., 2019. Nursing ethics. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Online
HIV PREVENTION PROGRAMMES OVERVIEW. 2019. [Online]. Available through :
<https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-programming/prevention/overview>.
HIV in Aboriginal Communities. 2019. [Online]. Available through :
<https://ww1.cpa-apc.org/Publications/HIV/Aborig.pdf>.
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