SEM Analysis during Conventional Treatment of CMP Process Wastewater

SEM Analysis during Conventional Treatment of CMP Process Wastewater
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Abstract
This paper explores and evaluates the conventional treatment using the SEM analysis concept. The concept has been
utilized over the past decades and has essential advantages in line with the wastewater treatment. Nanomaterial and
nanoparticles have got a wide range of application in the wastewater treatment and the engineering concept as a
whole. These materials mainly adopted in various industries basing on their chemical as well as physical properties
in line with the bulb counterparts. In essence, these materials can confer to different elementary toxicity in the due
course. These materials mainly generated from the semiconductor, and they can enter the makeable municipal
wastes. However, the overall impacts which this materials have on the broader application and the overall ecosystem
is anticipated to be unknown. Thus, the study focuses on the whole fate which these materials have on the more
widespread utilization in the ENMs systems. The application is not limited to chemical but also extended to the
global mechanical planarization. In the process, the polishing process is often repeated with the aim of ensuring that
semiconductor the procedure has a decisive norm in the long run. The process involves the sample collection of the
wastewater at the overall on-site fabrications points at the treatment facility. The objectives for the study
incorporated the testing and assessing the size-dependent of the filtered particles. Furthermore, statistical data
evaluation also included and the results obtained established that there is no significant difference in the overall
particles sizes.

SEM Analysis during Conventional
Treatment of CMP Process
Wastewater
Introduction
Nanoscale materials are some major
impurities emerging from engineering
processes and disposed of in waste waters
which become a significant source of
toxicity. Nanotechnology has led to an
increase in the rate of production of
nanoscale materials[1]. The increased rate
of production has an equivalent effect in
increasing the rate of pollution. For this
effect to be dealt with, the producing
companies have to put in place rules and
regulations that have to be adhered to in the
long run. Wastewater treatment procedures
have been put in place to determine the
number of nanoscale materials present.
Scanning electron microscopy was used in
the determination of whether nanoscale
electrons are available in wastewater. This
process will determine the rate of pollution
caused by nanoscale elements. The
nanoscale electrons are determined to
contain silicon and aluminum electrons
which are profoundly harmful to the
environment if disposed of inappropriately.
The primary sources of this electrons are the
industries which release their untreated
waste into wastewater systems and end up in
water bodies or to the dry land and as a
result cause harm.
Metal oxide present in the nanoscale
electrons has been identified to have a
tremendous negative impact on aquatic
animals. This occurs as a result of its
affinity in dissolving in water and as a
resort, the aquatic animals readily absorb it
into their bodies. This metal oxide then
causes the death of the marine animals and
also leads to drying up of aquatic plants.
Different government agencies in
collaboration have implemented regulations
to help in the management of these
materials. Such provisions will assist in the

reduction of the possible effects of
nanoscale electrons to human health [2].
Nanoscale electrons also have an
impact in the general human activities such
as the wastewater treatment process. The
availability of the particles in wastewater
will require additional procedures to be
implemented in the water treatment
procedures. These other procedures lead to
other costs which affect the general
performance of human activities. Most of
the water treatment procedures include
natural methods such as siltation and
decantation which do not require
complicated processes and equipment to be
performed.
Experimental materials and methods
The innovative elements are meant for the
procedural wastewater treatment which
contains the nanoscale electrons. The
system is divided into two major sub-
systems. One of the systems holds waste
water which includes acidic slurry while the
other consists of the general wastewater
slurry. The mud first accommodated in the
solid waste tank whereby the liquid waste
overflows to the adjacent basin. The
wastewater is then passed through the first
filter which removes particle sediments.
The screen is referred to as a terrible
polyester filter. The wastewater is then
passed through another which is made of
carbon canister which helps in the removal
of organic materials in the sewer. The third
filter removes copper and it is made of
cation-exchange resin canister. The fourth
filter is made of a plastic drum which
contain fine sieve and its purpose is to
remove fine particles that may be remaining
in the water.
After the various water treatment
procedures, effluents are after that combined
in one tank, and all the filters that were used
in the filtration process are emptied
manually [3]. After the combination of the
effluents, pH neutralization of performed to

reduce the acidity or alkalinity of the water
before it is disposed of to various water
bodies or the appropriate place of disposal.
After wastewater treatment, the water can be
recycled back to the industries of companies
for reuse as it is safe and free from harmful
substances.
Sedimentation
This is a wastewater treatment procedure
which is facilitated by the forces of gravity.
Heavy sediments settle at the base of septic
tanks and allow effluent to flow. The
advantage of this treatment procedure is that
when it is performed on non-toxic slurry, the
recovered residue can be used for a more
useful purpose. The waste can be used for
agricultural purposes in making fertilizers as
well as manure. This improves the soil
fertility of a given piece of land and results
improved on yields. This method does not
require technical know-how since it is
facilitated by the force of gravity[4].
Sedimentation eases the process of
wastewater treatment since it promotes the
decantation of possibly all the solid particles
available in the wastewater.
Oxidation
Oxidation significantly reduces the
biochemical oxygen demand by wastewater.
This helps in the reduction of the wastewater
toxicity. Once the wastewater is oxidized, it
becomes less harmful to the environment
upon which it is being released. This
procedure is performed to all wastewater in
the early stages of water treatment.
Oxidation is done in two different methods.
Biochemical oxidation entails the dissolving
of colloidal organic compounds into the
sewer. The primary purpose for this
oxidation is to remove organic compounds
that are useful in the ecosystem. This type
of oxidation is mostly performed in sewage.
Chemical oxidation, on the other hand, helps
in the eradication of persistent organic
pollutant. Additionally, it helps in the
killing of bacteria and pathogens available in