SREM01-8 Abstract The Effects of the Emission of Greenhouse Gas on the Earth's Atmosphere

Social Responsibility and Environmental Management SREM01-8
Abstract

Over the last 50 years, temperatures of sea and have been slowly increasing.
The scientist confirms that global warming increases primarily with the emission of
the greenhouse gases on the Earth’s atmosphere. The principal gas on the
greenhouse is carbon dioxide, but the nitrous oxide and methane also contributes in
the global warming. It changes the Earth’s climate in such a way that it affects the
global biodiversity, fragile ecosystems, and millions of vulnerable people. Rise in the
sea level affects the vulnerable communities and coastal cities around the world.
Millions of people living near the low-elevation coastal zones can loss their lives by
raising the sea level. Variation in weather can impact the ecosystem. South Africa
facing the many challenges related to climate change and its impact can be
analyzed on the environment. Migration from climate change is becoming a global
problem. In this study, we analyze the effects of global warming in South Africa.
Scientists recognize the cause of climate change to resolve the climate related
crisis. Future Thriving requires conservation at large scale and solving the big
problem by rethinking about nature.

Over the past century, Earth average surface temperature increased mainly due to
the burning of fossil fuels which produced greenhouse gases. After study data from
different resources and different parts of the world, Scientist observed many
evidence of global climate change. Due to global warming ice of mountain and the
polar region melts with faster rate (Climate 2020). According to the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCCs-2014) report climate change is
unambiguous. CO2 contributes about 1.1 °C in global warming since the nineteenth
century. Global warming from the water vapor plays a crucial role and it increases
the temperature of the earth approximately 15°C (59°F) which affects the humans
and other species. Human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels disrupted the
Earth's natural surface at great extent. The industrial revolution was started in
1750, which increased the level of atmospheric CO2. Methane is a more dominant
greenhouse gas produced by the decomposition of agricultural waste, animals and
landfills. Nitrous oxide is another greenhouse gas that is produced by the burning of
vegetation and fossil fuel and from the fertilizers. Excessive levels of methane,
nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide gases increase the greenhouse effect and heat-
trapping from the atmosphere increased the Earth’s surface temperature (Choi, Gao
and Jiang, 2018). Anthropogenic global warming increases the frequency of the
heat‐related events. Vulnerable regions of South Africa are at the hard‐hit. The
scientist investigated the effect on South Africa due to global warming. Significant
warming in Africa had projected, and its temperature was rises from 1.5°C-
2°C .East Africa and North Africa regions have the lowest and highest temperature

changes observed from 0.47–0.54 °C (0.50 °C) and 0.60–0.67 °C (0.63 °C). Hot
events increase the global warming (Nangombe et al., 2019). Global average sea
level, since 1961 has risen with an average rate of 1.8 mm per year. In 1993 sea
level rises 3.1 mm per year due to the thermal expansion of ice caps, melting
glaciers and melting of the polar ice sheets.
Further, increases global warming increased the global surface temperature
in the twenty-first century. It is likely to exceed temperature up-to 1.5 °C - 2.0 °C. It
changes the global water cycle with an increase the inconsistency between dry and
wet regions. When heat expanded in the deep -ocean, then ocean continues warm
and affects the circulation cycle. It decreases the Arctic sea ice and glacier volume
(Huddar & Stott 2019).Increase the rate of CO2 production will leads to change in
the climate conditions. It leads to the acidification of the oceans. Surface
temperature is determined by the cumulative carbon dioxide. As the temperature of
South Africa is increases, then more water vapour evaporates from the water
sources such as from oceans to the atmosphere. It leads to increase the further
temperature. From the above study, Africa surface temperature from 1905 to 2005
has risen by 0.6°C–0.9°C (Ahima, 2020). At the end of the 21st century, climate
model predicts that temperature will be increases approximately 2°C–6°C. Global
warming causes the massive Slow-moving tropical cyclones called TCs due to the
duration variation. TC translation speed is growing from the past that is associated
with the warmer climate and will increase the rain rates.
From the historical (actual) model translation speed is not simulated in the
period of the 1951–2011. Under the effect of global warming, annual-mean
translation speed is also increasing (Yamaguchi et al., 2020). Average TC translation