Special Education Needs

This homework assignment provides a detailed explanation of Special Educational Needs (SEN), covering various aspects like the meaning of SEN, symptoms of dyslexia and dyspraxia, understanding autism and ADHD, relevant legislation, the importance of anti-discriminatory practices, and the meaning of inclusion and inclusive education. It also includes a table summarizing key legislation related to SEN.

Special Education Needs

Table of Contents
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
1) Meaning of Special Educational Needs (SEN).......................................................................3
2) Symptoms of dyslexia and dyspraxia......................................................................................3
3) (a) Autism................................................................................................................................4
(b) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)................................................................4
4) Legislation relating to SEN in schools....................................................................................5
5) Meaning of statement of SEN in schools................................................................................5
6) Two ways can experience prejudice by children and young people.......................................6
7) Promote practices anti-discriminatory.....................................................................................6
8) Meaning of inclusion and inclusive.........................................................................................6
9) Detail of legislation to SEN.....................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

MAIN BODY
1) Meaning of Special Educational Needs (SEN)
Special Educational Needs (SEN): SEN is also known as special education, assisted and
exceeding education. It is activity of educating students in mode that assess their differences and
wants of single person. Ideally, this procedure includes planned and consistently displayed
agreement of educating process, adapted instrument and materials and setting approachable.
These intercessions are planned to aid single person with particular needs accomplish advanced
level of private self-direction and success in school(Galloway, 2018). There are various special
needs involves learning disabilities, interaction disorders, emotional and behavioural command,
physical inability, development inability etc. It is utilized to depict learning problems and
inabilities that create harder for children to learn.
In order to that, special education is designing particularly for students with specific
needs, alternative education that can be created for any students with or without particular wants.
Special education is normally utilized to particularly indicate direction of students with
disabilities. Thus, special education is frequently related as services instead of places in
developed nations. Special Education programs are customised to assess individual student's
specific wants. Special professional give continue of services in which receive special needs with
students varied degrees of support based on single wants (Armstrong and Galloway, 2018)
Special education needs are likely to require extra and assists for provided to other
children their age. There are different faced by children such as thinking, emotional behaviour,
physical, communication and learning, sensory problems. For solving all difficulties, it is
necessary to use special education needs. These all problems covered by SEN for children.
2) Symptoms of dyslexia and dyspraxia
Dyslexia: This term refers to descriptor of development coordination disorder. It is the
particular that mainly affects growth of literacy and communication related skills. Single person
with dyslexia conflict to procedure phonemes or sounds. It can take longer to perform daily
communication tasks like decoding in reading and spelling in writing. It can also impact on
memory of working (Lunt and Evans, 2018). It is the most common of particular learning
problems affecting up the 10% of population. Other problems involves dyscalculia, care deficit
disorder, attention insufficiency hyperactivity disorder etc. It is reasoned problems in learning to
read, write and spell. It is increasing from weakness in processing of speech based information. It

happens at every level of intellectual ability. The impact of it largely overcome by skilled expert
teaching and utilize compensatory approaches.
Dyspraxia: It can upset connection of spoken speech and thoughts procedure and
perception. It is normally identified to be impairment of the company of movement. It is
neurological disorder that effects on planning and process motor tasks of single person. It often
has communication problem and degree of difficulty with ideas and perception of single person.
Dyspraxia development is immatureness of company of movement (Thompson, 2016). There are
many indications includes in Dyspraxia such as poor equality, miserable attitude, awkwardness,
difference in language, problems precept, poor hand-eye timing. It is also called as
developmental coordination order. It is degenerative medical specialist disability starting in
childhood. It is also called to impact planning of movements and co-ordination as outcome of
brain content not being accurately transmitted to the body.
3) (a) Autism
Autism: It is developmental disorder defined by problems with social communication
and speech by closed and repetitive behavior. It is connected with combination of genetic and
environment factors. Parents usually observance marks during first two or three years of their
child's life. Some children with autism reach their developmental milestone at general pace
before worsening (Tribe and Lane, 2017). This affects data processing in brain by altering nerve
cells and their synapses, relate and form. It gains self care, social and communication skills that
help children early speech and behaviorism intercession. With some individuals seeking remedy
and believing autism by developed autism culture. The first appears during infancy or childhood
that normally adopts regular course without suspension by highly varied neurodevelopment
disability.
(b) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): It is the type of mental disorder of
neurodevelopment. ADHD is defined by problems paying care, excessive activity and problem
controlling behavior which is not proper for person's age. This affects children and teens that can
continue into adulthood. It is the most usually diagnosed mental disability of children. They find
interesting cause impairment, ADHD have good attention span for task specifically in modern
society. Children with ADHD can be overactive and unable control their impulses that they have
problem paying attention. These attitudes interfere with school and home life. In addition to that,

the symptoms of ADHD that is easily distracted, does not follow direction, forgets about daily
activities, problems organizing daily tasks(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, 2017).
People with ADHD tend to show fewer hyperactivity and implusivity symptoms with girls.
4) Legislation relating to SEN in schools
Education Act (1981): It is the stock brief heading utilised for legislation in different
nations. These acts can be general name either for legislation bearing that little head and for all
regulation that associate to education (Cocke and Hafford-Letchfield,, eds., 2014). The purpose
of this act a child has special educational needs that has learning problems that calls for specific
educational provision to be made. The Bill for an act with this brief head has been called as
Education bill during its passage by Parliament.
Education Act (1970) handicapped children: This act defined to utilizing the acronyms
EAHCA or public law was endorsed in 1975. Education Act needed all public schools accepting
central funds to give equal access to education and one free meal day for children with physical
and mental disorder. These regulations also need that schools districts give managerial processes,
so that parents of disabled children can argument judgement created about their education of
children (Lane, 2017). There are many regulations includes such as prescribing and determining
different category of schools, defining activities of any division of schools established under this
act, condition governing awards of grants.
The Warnock Report (1978): This report refers to needs of special education for
handicapped young people and children. This report is to change fundamentally educational
image for children with disorders as most of the suggestion became protected in law of
Education Act 1981. It presented the terms special educational requirement to determine any kid
requiring extra and various support at least for some part of their educational career.
5) Meaning of statement of SEN in schools
Statement of Special Educational Needs: A statement is the certificate that sets out
child’s SEN and any extra assists receiving by kid. The purpose of this statement is to ensure that
child obtain the correct help to allow them to create progress in schools (Udvari-Solner and
Thousand, 2018).This statement is generally created while all the provision of educational
needed to meet child’s wants. This report is divided into six parts such as general information
about kid, description of needs of child, special help to given for kid, non-educational needs,
name and type of schools that go to child.

A statement of special needs is official article detailing child learning problems and
giving support to that. In order to that, once child has statement, they have right to say that types
of schools attend. The local power sends detail of appropriate schools in their fields. But most
likely be normal schools because education system that purpose to meet most special needs
setting within this(Meehan, 2016). This statement explains types of needs and achieving
objectives. The terms needed to meet those aims that are monitoring agreement, types of schools.
Child attend and non-educational needs and meet all these objectives. In order to that, parents are
always sent proposed statement to comment on before issuing final statement.
The entire procedure for getting purpose of statement to be ended within 26 weeks. It has
6 weeks in which to react to request by child’s school and parents for statutory assessment.
Within 10 weeks, statutory assessment has been completed itself.
6) Two ways can experience prejudice by children and young people
There are many ways for prejudice that are experiences by children and young people.
Such as their race, sex, age, gender, religion and disability because of, it is also called as
discrimination. These ways are affected children and young people not only socially but also
emotionally. In order to that, cultural and ethnic structure nation that helps in growing of
children (Lunt and Evans, 2018). But some time, changes in culture of group of people that are
formally considered as the ethnic creates majority of populations. They can learn and understand
about various culture and values through media and within their schools. Positive difference
between cultural has been beneficial for development of healthy social attitude to children and
young people.
In order to that, social and emotional tension generated prejudice and discrimination that
affects on children and young people. Those children suffer prejudice feel demoralised and
rejected is destroyed self confidence that is disturbing effects on educations, social and emotional
development. These factors affects on motivation, ability to form relation and help inability in
down jobs. This prejudice and discrimination has been affected on whole life of children and
young people(Thompson, 2016). This type of ways of discrimination has been reduced their
learning abilities of children and young people. Therefore, it is necessary to give equal treatment
of all children in schools and other places.

7) Promote practices anti-discriminatory
Anti-discriminatory Practices: These practices are endorsed in school that is identified
and occurrence by every member of staff. The Children Act 2004 needs and child care facilitates
to promote anti-discriminatory practices. It also needs all young people who work with kid to
promote children wants with paramount importance. There are many practices in anti-
discrimination such as working in partnership, quality improvement, equality chances and
improving consistency and secure foundation for upcoming learning for children (Tribe and
Lane, 2017). It is originated from diverse ethnic and cultural background that affects on their
communication and learning. Discrimination is frequently underlying cause behind lack of
inclusion. It refers treating a person unfairly because of, specific qualities such as gender,
disability, ethnic origin, sex, nationality and religious etc.
Discrimination is illegal and offensive. Protect discrimination under Equality Act, 2010
such as employers, health and care providers, housing society, education providers, government
department, and local authorised and transport services. The purpose of anti-discrimination
practices is to counteract negative effects of discrimination on clients and to fight prejudice in all
its forms. Every firm give guidance on anti discrimination practices and able to access training
on these practices through employers to their teachers for supervising to children.
8) Meaning of inclusion and inclusive
Inclusion: It defines to the model wherein special needs students spend all of their time
with non-special need students. In the context of, special education with personalized education
programs increasing inclusion. Inclusion build on the notion that more impressive for students
with special needs to have mixed experiences for them more successful in social communication
(Cocker and Hafford-Letchfield, eds., 2014). It is leading to further success in life. Reject to
inclusion but still gives utilize of particular schools and classroom to separate students with
disability from students without disorders. Schools most often utilize the inclusion model for
chosen students with middle to restrained special needs.
Inclusive: It is not about learners with special needs. It is approach that holds diversity
and learner differentiation and promotes equal chances for all learners. There are many principles
includes in inclusive such as anticipate, value and support diversity, high expectation, understand
strength and needs, decrease barriers, building capacity and sharing accountability between all
learners. These principles are accomplishing vision of inclusive education system. These values

guide and inform value based and learner centered decisions regarding to policies, practices and
activity at every level of education system.
9) Detail of legislation to SEN
Education Reform Act (1988) It is widely related as the most essential single
piece of education legislation in England and
Wales since the butler Education Act, 1944.
Children Act (1989) This act assigned responsibilities to local
authorities, courts and parents in UK. It ensure
that promoting children protection and their
wellbeing (Lane, 2017).
Education Act (1993) The leading suggestion of this act is to
establish funding agency for schools which is
appointed by Secretary of State and liable for
acquisition of land.
Disability Discrimination Act (1995) This act has been revoked and replaced by
Equality Act, 2010. This act creates unlawful
to differentiate against people in relate of their
disabilities in relation to education and
employment.
Special Educational Needs and Disability
Act (2001)
This act is intended as addition to Disability
Discrimination Act, 1995 that regulate to
prevent unfair treatment of single person.
Children Act (2004) The basis of this act is the most official
administration believed useful to children.
Local government activities of children’s well-
being and education under this act (Udvari-
Solner and Thousand, 2018).
Every Child Matters (2004) It is one of the most essential policy initiative

that has been launched and development
programmes in related to services of children.
Education Act (1970) handicapped children: This act defined to utilizing the acronyms
EAHCA or public law was endorsed in 1975.
Education Act needed all public schools
accepting central funds to give equal access to
education.
The Warnock Report (1978) This report refers to needs of special education
for handicapped young people and children.
This report is to change fundamentally
educational image for children (Cocker and
Hafford-Letchfield, eds., 2014).
Education Act (1981): It is the stock brief heading utilized for
legislation in different nations. These acts can
be general name either for legislation bearing
that little head and for all regulation that
associate to education.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Armstrong, D. and Galloway, D., 2018. Special educational needs and problem behaviour:
making policy in the classroom. In Special Educational Needs Policy in the 1990s (pp. 175-
195). Routledge.
Cocker, C. and Hafford-Letchfield, T. eds., 2014. Rethinking anti-discriminatory and anti-
oppressive theories for social work practice. Palgrave Macmillan.
Galloway, D., 2018. Schools, pupils and special educational needs. Routledge.
Lane, P., 2017. Conceptualising Ageing and Anti-discriminatory Practice. Anti-discriminatory
Practice in Mental Health Care for Older People, p.19.
Lunt, I. and Evans, J., 2018. Dilemmas in special educational needs: some effects of local
management of schools. In Special Educational Needs Policy in the 1990s (pp. 29-50).
Routledge.
Meehan, C., 2016. Inclusion and inclusive practice in Australia. In Inclusive Education (Vol.
140, No. 153, pp. 140-153). ROUTLEDGE in association with GSE Research.
Thompson, N., 2016. Anti-discriminatory practice: Equality, diversity and social justice.
Macmillan International Higher Education.
Tribe, R. and Lane, P., 2017. Anti-discriminatory Practice: Caring for Carers of Older Adults
with Mental Health Dilemmas. Anti-discriminatory Practice in Mental Health Care for Older
People, p.147.
Udvari-Solner, A. and Thousand, J., 2018. Effective Organisational Instructional and Curricular
Practices in Inclusive Schools and Classrooms. In Towards inclusive schools? (pp. 147-163).
Routledge.
Online
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, 2017. [ONLINE]. Available through. :
<https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-
adhd>.