Prescription Drug Use Among College Students

This assignment delves into the concerning issue of prescription drug use among college students. It requires a thorough examination of provided research articles on various aspects, including patterns of drug use, socio-demographic influences, academic performance impacts, and contributing factors like stress and social pressures. Students are tasked with analyzing these studies to gain a comprehensive understanding of this complex phenomenon.

Running head: NURSING
Stimulation of drugs
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author note:

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Introduction
The topic of this assignment is to focus on the idea of the usage of the stimulants and its
effect for the enhancement of the academic performance of a student. These stimulants are
generally known as the smart drugs which used to aggravate the habit of doping in the students.
These drugs might vary in the expression inside the community and also some groups of
particular age groups. Recent evidences and studies suggested that most of the Australian
students are using the smart drugs in a higher rate than the students who are staying in U.S. and
Germany. In this assessment, case study of a student named Wasim is being provided who was a
boy 29 year old and studying in a University of Australia. He came to know about the use of
smart drugs across the facebook post in which he saw that many of the friends were using this
smart drug for the enhancement of their performance in education. Reports and studies have
proved that although the use of drugs may initially have the positive impacts. But, if it has been
used for long term then it can make a person dependent upon the drug. For the present setting,
two different articles are being taken over to focus on the impact of medications scholastic
execution change. Hence, the skill, capabilities and affiliations controlled by the writer of each
different article have been managed independently.
Critical appraisal article 1
“Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university
students – a qualitative approach” (Hildt et al. 2014)
The author is working in the regions of psychotherapy and psychiatry alongside logic.
Among these, Klaus Lieb and Andreas Gunter Franke have a place with the branch of
psychotherapy, of the University of Psychology Mainz, Germany. Klaus Lieb is the leader of the

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branch of psychotherapy and psychiatry, AGF is a student in the division. EH has a place with
the branch of logic and is a specialist in the ranges of Neurotics.
The affiliations of the author’s are as follows:
1. Department of philosophy, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
2. Department of psychiatry psychotherapy, University medical centre
There are various issues which frequently turn into an obstacle in the way of production
of the report. Some of these are accounted for as irreconcilable a circumstance which frequently
challenges the legitimacy of an examination distribution. The COI regularly emerges because of
dissimilarity where a portion of the focuses said by the creator don't qualify with the truth based
confirmations (Schelle et al. 2015). The advancement of such irreconcilable situation can
regularly emerge because of credit not given to a creator for his particular commitment in the
exploration paper and discoveries.
Research question
The research question for this study can be, “Does the members of the study really feel
any positive change in their academic studies with the use of these drugs?”
Aim
The present investigation expects to lessen the absence of logical and exact information
about elements and certifiable impacts on scholastic execution upgrade.
Methods and methodology
The procedure embraced for the present investigation configuration was subjective in
nature where open finished polls were set before the understudies. The understudies were

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solicited a number from various inquiries and the meeting reactions gathered were assembled
into comparable and disimilar reactions. The comparative reactions were gathered into subjects,
which were additionally assessed amid the meeting procedure. The meeting accounts were made
into transcript which was utilized for promote near investigation.
The members were welcomed for the meeting through the dissemination of notices in the
University bulletins. A data sheet was shown delineating adequate data about the utilization of
specific sort of medications and the impacts of the same on the wellbeing and discernment of the
understudies. A rundown was given asking the understudies with respect to the illegal and non-
directed utilization of psycho stimulants, for example, amphetamines, methyl-phenidate. The
understudies were made a request to share their points of interest namelessly. Notwithstanding,
solid understudies with no history of maniacal issues and clutters, for example, consideration
shortage hyperactivity or schizophrenia or utilizing psycho addictive meds, for example, Ritalin
were considered for the examination.
The poll was planned utilizing set principles or rules where full privacy was kept up
regarding the information gathering methodology. This additionally helped in saving a portion of
the essential points of interest that is the, for example, the individual characters of the members.
The inquiries were asked predominantly identified with the encompassing conditions that the
students are getting addicted towards the drugs. They were additionally asked about the measure
of the changes that has been reflected in their evaluations.

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Critical appraisal article 2
The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning
and academic outcomes (Munro et al. 2017)
This article is being created by 4 distinct writers B.Munro, M. Marraccini, L. Weyandt,
D. Oster. Weyandt and Munro have the fellowship of programs in the interdisciplinary
neuroscience program at the University of Rhodes island, US. Oster used to work in the
University of psychology, US, while, Maricinni has been placed in the Alpert medical school,
Brown university.
For the present examination the significant irreconcilable circumstance have originated
from a portion of the other companion inspected the reports where the associated authors has
asserted that the drugs can really be recommended less than genuine circumstances for
enhancing the subjective and power of a person to think. On the other hand as contended by
Betancourt et al. (2013), the utilization of drug for long term can have different genuine
wellbeing suggestions or diminish the confidence of a person over the long haul.
Aim of the experiment
The report was concentrated on EF including and considering as a deciding variable of
intellectual capacity and power of thinking controlled by a person.
Methodology of research used in the study
The scientist had utilized a subjective study plan for the information accumulation and
investigation. In this regard, the understudies were met on an up close and personal with respect
to the different circumstances or elements which may have driven them to embrace the
utilization of such stimulants for upgrading their scholarly execution. The members that were

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chosen are 18 students of the college who was being allegedly using the smart drug for the
enhancement of their performance. The inquiries were likewise cultivated which covers the basic
sentiments of students achieved by the utilization of the drugs. The examination gave by the
understudies were utilized further to arrive at an appropriate conclusion with respect to the
impacts of the medications and the impacts the utilization of drugs may deliver on the
psychological considering and capacities of a student (Nargiso et al. 2015).
Hypothesis
A solid relationship was believed to exist between the poor execution in scholastics and
the utilization of stimulants. Along these lines, the confirmations recommended by the creators
have been genuinely defended where scholastic evaluations have frequently expanded associate
weight among the understudies for the utilization of such medications (Werry et al. 2013).
Authors’ justification of the need of the study
The creator features the developing pattern inside the current Australian setting where
greater part understudies have been believed to be reliant upon the utilization of drugs to upgrade
their scholarly execution. Be that as it may, various inconsistencies are seen to be available with
the utilization of such illegal medications to upgrade the scholastic execution of people (Arria
and Compton, 2017). A portion of the restrictions which have been additionally revealed through
research and study are expanded reliance in the understudies for the utilization of unlawful
medications which decreases their confidence. Moreover, the same had likewise been believed to
have different genuine wellbeing mental and physical embellishments. In the present contextual
investigation Wasim had allegedly discovered an association between the utilization of shrewd
medications for the treatment of conditions, for example, the consideration deficiency

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hyperactivity issue. In this way, unsupervised pharmaceuticals over longer timeframes could
bring about advancement of unexplained anxiety or melancholic circumstance by adjusting the
serotonin and dopamine fixation in the mind (Shepherd et al. 2016).
Part-B
1. Barriers to application of evidence in practice
Various restrictions are tossed for the use of confirmations, in situations of real life. It can
be described as the opposing perspectives that are being controlled by various instructive
concerns. Furthermore, absence of adequate learning among the understudy populace with
respect to the utilization of such medications and its wellbeing effects can likewise influence
direct their inclinations (Luca et al. 2016). Additionally, absence of adequate help from unified
instructive concerns can likewise fill in as a restriction.
2. Alignment of the research studies with the PICO elements
In this study, the population selected was 18 students of the universities are selected for
the personal interview in which they had been asked about some questions that are related to the
use of drugs for the enhancement in the performance.
The intervention that was done was a framework for therapy was provided for the
selected students for the experiment which is evaluating the effects of the disconnection and
effects of the stimulants that will have on the students.
During comparison the data was recorded that were taken from students who are using
the stimulants are compared to the students who are not using the stimulants for analysing effect
of their performance in academics.

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The outcome of these study are the students are then subjected for the follow up with the
sessions of the interview were they will be motivated for understanding the academic grades that
has been improved in the students.

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References
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stimulant medications as cognitive enhancers. Frontiers in neuroscience, 7.
Arria, A. M., Garnier-Dykstra, L. M., Cook, E. T., Caldeira, K. M., Vincent, K. B., Baron, R. A.,
& O’Grady, K. E. (2013). Drug use patterns in young adulthood and post-college
employment. Drug and alcohol dependence, 127(1), 23-30.
Betancourt, J., Ríos, J. L., Pagán, I., Fabián, C., González, A. M., Cruz, S. Y., ... & Palacios, C.
(2013). Non-medical use of prescription drugs and its association with socio-
demographic characteristics, dietary pattern, and perceived academic load and stress in
college students in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico health sciences journal, 32(2).
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drugs and sexual risk behaviors. Pediatrics, peds-2015.
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Luca, S. M., Franklin, C., Yueqi, Y., Johnson, S., & Brownson, C. (2016). The relationship
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Community mental health journal, 52(5), 534-540.

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Munro, B. A., Weyandt, L. L., Marraccini, M. E., & Oster, D. R. (2017). The relationship
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