Strategy and Governance in the Hospitality Sector: A Case Study on Holtwhites Hotel

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the strategy and governance of Holtwhites Hotel in the hospitality sector. It explores the concept of corporate governance, the challenges faced by the hotel, and strategies that can be utilized to overcome these challenges. The importance of corporate governance in the hospitality industry is also discussed. The report aims to provide insights and recommendations for effective governance in the sector.

Strategy and Governance
Report with action plan

Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1
1.1 Background to industry organisation.....................................................................................1
1.2 Corporate governance problem..............................................................................................1
1.3 Aims.......................................................................................................................................1
1.4 Objectives..............................................................................................................................1
1.5 Research questions.................................................................................................................2
Structure of the report..................................................................................................................2
1.6 Limitations.............................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................2
The concept of corporate governance..........................................................................................3
The challenges that can be suffered by Holtwhites Hotel in due to corporate governance.........4
The strategies which can be utilised by the Holtwhites Hotel regarding corporate governance. 6
The importance of corporate governance....................................................................................8
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHDOLOGY..............................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to industry organisation
The Holtwhites Hotel is basically situated on the junction of Holtwhites ill and Chase Side,
approximately 10 minutes walking distance form Enfield Town Centre and its shopping services,
This hospitality sector organisation is designed for both business persons and visitors to Enfield
who need quality en suite accommodation at reasonable costs. The particular establishment
provides a range of services to its guests considering direct dial telephone, teletext and colour TV
with SKY news and sports, guest’s car park, complimentary hospitality tray, complimentary
daily newspaper accessible, weekends and a writing desk in most rooms (World Health
Organization, 2019). It also offer photocopying and fax services when it’s targeted people
demand for it and requested. There are presently 2 cafeterias, 4 restaurants, 4 pubs and 3
takeaways serving a range of variety of dishes within 2 minutes walking distance from the hotel.
1.2 Corporate governance problem
Corporate governance essentially considers balancing the interests of a firm’s several
stakeholders like shareholders, senior management executives, consumers, suppliers, financiers,
the government and the society. There are several corporate governance problems such as
conflicts of interest, oversight issues, accountability issues, transparency and ethics violations etc
(Vith and et. al., 2019). These kinds of issues can also faced by the management of Holtwhites
Hotel in term of operating its business activities and operations in hospitality industry.
1.3 Aims
The aim of the company is to determine the strategy and governance of the hospitality
sector company. A case study on Holtwhites Hotel.
1.4 Objectives
 To understand the concept of corporate governance.
 To determine the challenges that can face by Holtwhites Hotel regarding corporate
governance.
 To monitor the strategies that can be used by the Holtwhites Hotel in term of corporate
governance.
 To acknowledge of the importance of corporate governance.
1

1.5 Research questions
 What is the concept of corporate governance?
 What are the challenges that can be suffered by Holtwhites Hotel in form of corporate
governance?
 What are the strategies which can be utilised by the Holtwhites Hotel regarding corporate
governance?
 What is the importance of corporate governance?
Structure of the report
This research project is segregated into 3 chapters. Chapter one offers an introduction to
this study, considering the overview of hospitality form, corporate governance problem, aims,
objectives and research questions (Selig, 2018). Chapter two demonstrates a review of the
literature on corporate governance understanding, challenges, plans or strategies to overcome
that issues as well as the importance of corporate governance in business. Chapter three discuss
the data selection process and research methodologies utilised in this research.
1.6 Limitations
It refers to those components and aspects which influence the effective execution of the
report and affect its particular area. In this research project, the limitations can be lack of time,
lack of fun and collection of effective information regarding particular topic of report which can
be affected the effective execution and completion of the document in more appropriate manner.
2

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
It really states to the interest of amassing statistics of various pupils and authors which
assists the surveyor in sporting out intensive take a look at about any topic on which the general
research is primarily based. This segment of studies enable in figuring out the research through
theoretical framework due to the fact it is green in analysing the view factors of several authors
and writes who are having huge understanding on a few specific subject matter (Padiyara, Inoue
and Sprenger, 2018). Here, records is amassed by using taking assist of secondary sources
inclusive of books, journals from distinct webpages existed over internet, magazines, newspaper,
studies paper etc. In this segment of studies secondary source of facts is powerful as in this
proper description approximately research trouble must be provided by using the view factors of
numerous authors.
The concept of corporate governance
Corporate governance is the system is the system of rules, practices and processes through
which a company is directed and controlled. Corporate governance essentially considers
balancing the interests of a business venture’s many stakeholders, such as shareholders, senior
management executives, consumers, suppliers, financiers, the government and society. Corporate
governance also offers the structure for accomplishing an organisation’s objectives; it includes
practically every sphere of administrator from action plans and internal controls to execution
assessment and corporate disclosure (Badia and et. al., 2019). Basically, governance denotes to
the set of rules, controls, policies and resolutions put in place to state corporate behaviour. Proxy
advisors and shareholders are essential stakeholders who instantly impact governance, but these
are not instances of governance itself. The board of directors is pivotal in governance and it can
have main consequences for equality assessment. As per the view of Chen J. (2020), an
organisation’s corporate governance is essential to investors since it shows an establishment’s
direction and business reliability. Good corporate governance assists enterprises make trust with
investors and the community. As a result, corporate governance enables promote fiscal feasibility
by creating a long term investment opportunity for market participants. Generally corporate
governance indicates to the form and manner a corporation s governed. It is the tool and method
through which organisations are directed and administrated. Corporate governance contracts with
analysing ways to take efficient strategic decisions. It provides ultimate authority and inclusive
3

accountability to the Board of Directors. Corporate governance assures transparency that makes
sure strong and balanced economic development. This also ensures that the interests of all
shareholders are defended. It assures that all shareholders fully exercise their rights and that the
company fully observes their rights.
According to the view of Rouse M. (2020), corporate governance is the amalgamation of
rules, processes to laws through which businesses are driven, regulated and managed. The term
includes the internal and external aspects which influence the interest of a venture’s stakeholders
considering consumer, dealers and management etc. The main motive and objective of corporate
governance is to enhance and maximise shareholder value and protect the interest of other
stakeholders (Dietz and et. al., 2018). Corporate governance has several objectives to strengthen
investor’s confidence ad intern guides to fast development and profits of companies. For
example, a correctly constructed Board proficient of taking independent and purpose decisions is
n place at the controls of affairs and adopts transparent processes and activities as well as arrives
at decision on the strength of appropriate information. Apart from this, there are several principle
of corporate governance which are crucial for effective running of business establishment. They
are as:
 All stakeholders should be treated fairly and similarly. Along with this is assuring
shareholders are aware of their rights and how to exercise them.
 Legitimate, contractual and social commitments to non shareholder stakeholders must be
upheld (Ringel and Knodt, 2018). It considers always communicating pertinent data to
workers, capitalists, suppliers and people of the community.
 The board of directors must manage a commitment to assure responsibility, fairness,
diversity and transparency within corporate governance. Member of board must also
possess the appropriate abilities require to review administration activities.
 Companies should explain a code of conduct for board members and executives, only
appointing new people if they meet that benchmark.
 All corporate governance policies and processes should be transparent or disclosed to
reliable stakeholders.
The key purpose of corporate governance is t execute a checks and balances system which
reduces issues and conflicts of interest. In context of business, corporate supremacy states to the
systems of rules, activities and processes through which ventures are overseen. In this way, the
4

corporate governance model followed by a particular venture is the allocation of rights and
accountabilities through all participants in the firm. Governance assures everyone in a form
considers effective and transparent determination devising processes and that the interests of all
stakeholders are secured and protected.
The challenges that can be suffered by Holtwhites Hotel in due to corporate governance
Rules and policies are critically essential and necessary in business. So to operate the
business of venture in more developed manner, so to run it in appropriate manner, effective and
good corporate governance is required (Dale and et. al., 2018). It, encompassing all the principle
of open and accountable management, is a way of assuring that a firm keeps within clear ethical
lines. It has been top of the policymaker’s agenda for some time now, but can be a challenge for
businesses on several levels. As per the view of Thompson J. (2018), the board of directors is
crucial for the governance of its establishment as they assist in resolving issues and dealing with
the challenges of corporate governance. There are diverse issues and challenges which can be
faced and suffered by a business venture like Holtwhites hotel. The description of some of them
as under:
Conflict of interest- this kind of issue arises when a controlling member of the
organisation has other fiscal interests that could impact his/her decision making or conflict with
the aims of the establishment (Orenstein and et. al., 2018). For instance, a board member of
respective hospitality form Holtwhites hotel who owns a significant amount of stock in a food
company is likely to be clashed as the individual has a fiscal interest in not representing the
advancement. Conflicts of interest erode the trust of stakeholders and the public and potentially
open the business up to litigation.
Governance standards- A board can have all the unbiased rules and policies it likes but if
it cannot propagate those benchmarks throughout the business what chance does the firm have.
Resistant administrators can subvert good corporate governance at the operational level, leaving
the business uncovered to state or federal law violations and reputational damage with
stakeholders. A policy of corporate governance demands a clear enforcement mechanism,
applied consistently as a check and balance against the activities of executive staff.
As per the view of Muir J. (2016), corporate governance is the term utilised to define the
balance among the participants in the corporate structure who have an interest in the way within
the establishment is operate, like executive staff, shareholders and members of the community.
5

Corporate governance instantly influence the profits and reputation of the firm and having poor
policies can expose the venture to lawsuits, fines, reputational damage and loss of fund
investment. There are some common pitfalls and challenges are as under:
Oversight issues- Good corporate governance needs the board of directors to have
substantial oversight of the firm’s process and activities. Oversight is a board term which
includes executive staff reporting to the board and the board’s awareness of the daily operations
of the business organisations like Holtwhites hotel and the form within its aims and goals are
being accomplished (Sonnino, 2019). The board defends the interest of the shareholders, acting
as a check and balance regarding the executive staff. Without this oversight, the staff of the firm
might violate state or federal law, facing considerable fines from authoritarian agencies and
suffering reputational damage with the public.
Accountability issues- It is needed for effective governance. From the top level executives
to lower level workers, each level and department of the corporation should report and be
responsible to another as a system of checks and balances. Apart from this, the actions of each
extent of the organisation are responsible to the shareholders and the public (Oberthür, 2019).
Without liability, one department of the particular hospitality firm might imperil the success of
the whole firm or cause stockholders to lose the need to constant their investment.
Transparency- To be transparent, a corporation must effectively report their profitability
and losses as well as make those figures accessible to those who invest in their firm.
Overinflating profits or reducing losses can seriously injure the firm’s relations with stockholders
in that they are attracted to invest under false pretenses. Lacks of clearness can also depiction the
firm to fines from regulatory agencies.
Ethics violations- The people and members o the executive board have an ethical duty to
make decisions supported to the best interest of the stakeholders. Moreover, a company has an
ethical duty to prevent and guard the social welfare of others, considering the greater community
within they operate. For example, if the management of the respective firm Holtwhites hotel do
not make focus on the ethics of the business like minimising pollution and many more then it can
affect and create a challenge for the business of a firm. So by considering effective and good
polices of corporate governance, the administration can deal with different challenges.
6

The strategies which can be utilised by the Holtwhites Hotel regarding corporate governance
There are several kinds of issues and challenges which are faced by a business organisation
due to corporate governance. Organisations require developing corporate governance. As per the
view of Volkov M. (2013), in the absence of effective governance, ventures will suffer in
monetary term, legal and reputational harm. From the risk perspective, there is no greater risk to
a venture than poor governance (Gutenbrunner and Nugraha, 2018). There are some strategies
which can be considered by the management of an organisation like Holtwhites hotel, the
explanation of some of them as below:
Increase diversity- It is one of the effective strategy which can be considered by the
management of the corporation in term of managing with the challenges of corporate
governance. Holtwhites hotel is a hospitality firm which provide its services to both male and
female. By considering the diversity in term of hiring both men and women, to operate the
business operations and actions in effective manner which assist in making successful operation
of venture. The venture need to disclose their diversity policies and such disclosures should lead
to maximise emphasis on diversity.
Appoint competent Board members- he nominating committee should devote
appropriately time to find out board members who have the abilities and industry knowledge to
enable the board. That does not mean that there is one kind of board member that would qualify.
There should be a balance among those board people who know the company, those board
members who have a helpful expertise and those who provide a fresh insight (Moon, Walmsley
and Apostolopoulos, 2018). This individual can assist the venture in dealing with diverse
challenges of which can be faced by the firm due to corporate governance. A board member
should also be assessed on his/her interpersonal abilities since board interactions and
relationships will be essential to entire board execution.
Ensure timely information- Timely information results in better decision making. Senior
management has to offer on time data to assure effective and accurate board supervision and
direction. Board members however should not be overpowered with information. There is a
balance which requires to be accomplished among needed data and unnecessary information.
Interactions among senior managers and the board are significant to assuring that appropriate
data is offered to the board. If a board member requests information then senior managers must
7

answer quickly to the request. This will assist in managing the challenges and overcoming them
within the business so that it can operate in more developed manner.
Prioritise risk management- Within each firm; every board should establish an efficient
system for risk oversight and management, Risk is not defined to compliance risks. It is a
broader term that incorporates all of the risks to the business organisation. For example, if
Holtwhites Hotel face issues like financial risks, cyber security and other threats externally the
compliance with law and policy demands then with the process of risk management, these
compliances can be manage and overcome (World Health Organization, 2019). Efficient risk
management directs to better determination devising and effective cost benefit or risk reward
decisions.
Evaluate board performance- Boards must be willing to determine their own capabilities
and shortcomings. On a permanent base, the board should organise self assessment activity,
considering the execution of individual directors. The assessment process be utilised to find out
weaknesses in board execution and accept reforms required to develop board execution. In
Holtwhites hotel, the management can organise and make a broad evaluation so that it can cut
across all issues and personnel as well as consider senior management interactions with board
members.
In term of dealing and getting over the challenges, a company’s board of directors play an
effective role in term of a range of advisory and control functions (Vith and et. al., 2019). It
considers strategic direction and risk/control supervision, along with the monitoring and reward
of executive administration. With the effective and proper support of them, the management of
respective firm can deal with the corporate governance complexities in more amended manner.
The importance of corporate governance
As per the view of Tsoi P. (2017), corporate governance is the structures and activities for
the direction and control of ventures; It is also regarding the relationships between the
administration boards of directors controlling shareholder, minority shareholders and other
stakeholders. Open to public information disclosure, high clarity and responsibility are basic
significance aspects of best corporate governance which attempts the sustainability of ventures
and community. To neglect mismanagement, good corporate governance is needed to assists
organisations operate more effectively, to develop access to capital, mitigate risk and safeguard
stakeholders. It also makes organisations more responsible and clarity to investors so as to
8

reduce expropriation and unfairness for shareholders. Corporate governance makes ventures
more responsible and transparent to capitalists and offers them the techniques to respond to
lawful stakeholder concerns such as sustainable ecological and social development. It contributes
to development and maximised access to capital motivates new investments, increases economic
development and offers job options. A lack of corporate governance can lead to profit loss,
corruption and tarnished image, not only to the corporation, but to the community, or even worse
will impact international as a whole. This form of corporate governance management is also
designed to limit hazard and eliminate corrosive elements within an establishment.
One principle of corporate governance is shareholder recognition that is a policy which
assures that all shareholders have a say in the inner workings of a venture, Shareholder
recognition also secures the value of a venture’s stock. The rules and accountabilities of board
members must also be made clear to assure that everyone shares a consistent vision of the
establishment’ future (Selig, 2018). Stakeholder interest addresses the demands of participants
who are not shareholders. Arriving out to non-members thus fosters better communication and
relationship with members of the press and the community. Ethical guidelines of corporate
governance are also important to secure higher profitability and maintain the firm out of legal
trouble. These rules apply to workers and board members. Transparency must be apparent that
should take the form of record keeping and reports on earnings. Poor corporate governance can
create potential issues of interests, expropriation and unfair of minority shareholders (Padiyara,
Inoue and Sprenger, 2018). It only benefits the parties engaged but do not influence value to
other stakeholders, small shareholders with little impact on the stock price are encountered aside
to make way for the interest of majority shareholders and the executive board. It can highly
eroded public confidence and stained community or globally as a whole.
Corporate governance aims to ease effective, entrepreneurial and prudent management
which can deliver the long term success of the enterprise. As per the view of Sharma S. (2020),
corporate governance is significant and important for the effective running of a business
enterprise. The importance of corporate governance can be considered through some point
regarding the business of particular firm. They are as:
Improved organisational efficiency- Corporate governance is an essential and significant
determinant of industrial competitiveness. Effective governance assures enhanced corporate
execution and better economic outcomes. Corporate governance lays the foundation for the
9

behaviour of the firm, the use of assets, goods/services innovation and entire corporate plan of
actions.
Strengthen shareholder value- There is no established relationship among corporate
governance and the ventures value n market, but corporate governance strengthens the
shareholder contentment. It plays an important role in safeguarding the valuations of a firm as
the ultimate aim of good governance is to increase the concerns of the venture’s valued
shareholders.
Culture of integrity- Effective corporate governance fosters a culture of reliability.
Covering professional execution and the system through which a business operates as per to a set
of policies, processes and rules, an establishment like Holtwhits Hotel can position itself within
the market as a force to be trusted (Badia and et. al., 2019). Supporting the interests of
administration with those of key stakeholders, shareholders and its Board of directors, a
company practicing good corporate governance will set itself apart from rivals.
Acquisition and retention of talent- Well organised and governed ventures have a frame in
drawing, retaining and involving well qualified workers. Hardworking ambitious and competent
individual want to join and continue in a firm that treats them as valuable assets.
Risk cover- Organisations are now represented to higher risks due to price deregulation,
developing competition and structural reforms (Dietz and et. al., 2018). Good corporate
governance assists to offer a threat cove through creating and maintaining mutual trust with
diverse sections of community. It directs to maximise in profit and earnings.
Public and market image- Good governance of a business establishment assists to develop
its goodwill and build brand image or position. Corporate governance also assists in creating a
effective position and image of the firm in the particular business sector. Due to effective image
of firm, it creates consumer loyalty that in turn assists to develop market share of the
establishment.
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHDOLOGY
Research methodologies are considered as the most necessary aspect of a thesis. In addition,
it is on the whole categorised as systematised, textual survey of technique which are put to use to
a great extent in the investigation field as well as take in elementally abstractive or systematic
investigation of hypothesis body linked with particular surroundings of understanding. In
addition to this, this is superior in enlarging essential parts of learning for soothing the path of an
10

effective counselling in making correct alternatives of methodologies well regulated for
achieving net results that increase the motivation level for researchers as well as for others too.
Specific segments necessarily focus on the few techniques that lead the way of the overall
research properly for the configuration related as well as precise results. In addition to this, for
carrying out necessary research on the specific subjects investigators take responsibility for the
large number of investigation multi layers type investigation format, ideologies, investigation
line of action, layout, technique for the collection of data, data process, and so many ways (Ortiz‐
de‐Mandojana, Aguilera‐Caracuel and Morales‐Raya, 2016). For that reason, the come down in
favour of areas of study is broad as well as actual choice; precious results may be achieved
through focusing the entire research in a successful way.
Research philosophy: A research philosophy is an opinion with reference to the course of
action in which information regarding a happening should be collected, evaluated and used. This
is crucial to find out how researchers assess the worth as well as evaluate data. In addition to this,
the ontology, philosophy, axiology as well as investigation ideology of epistemology are
few. Moreover to this, Ontology described the actuality personification. Mostly the epistemology
is of service to researchers for recognising data perfectly. Along with this, the axiology grants
the right to researchers to focus on the effect of code of belief as well as manipulate on the job
participation as well as research. Assessment may become sufficiently right for carry through
objective of the research results through deciding an epistemology concept is of great
consequence into current investigation as well as flow efficiently. Apart from this, the
investigation philosophies are basically divided into two parts such as positivism or
interpretivism. Both positivism or interpretivism are effective as well as best for the collection of
information and making commitment of the related data (Honoré, Munari and de La Potterie,
2015). For the given investigation, interpretivism is taken into consideration as this is qualitative
in nature as well as this is impressive for carrying out the subordinate investigation in an
effective and well planned manner.
Research approach: The researchers make use of specific investigation of multi layer for
assessing the worth of quantitative as well as qualitative information. In addition to this, it has
been divided into two types that are deductive as well as inductive to have an impact on net
results. That being the case, for specific investigation, an inductive approach of investigation is
taken responsibility for as this focused at specific data that results in genuine and proper work.
11

Compared with the fact on the other side, the deductive approach is not eager to please as it
concentrated in deciding data on the specific subject matter as well as assess the worth of
quantitative data that is not well qualified for this specific research.
Research strategy: The research strategy is how the researcher proposes to carry out the
task and project work. The strategy can consider a number of different approaches like
experimental research, action research, case study research, interviews, surveys or a systematic
literature review (Dibra, 2016). Experimental research indicates to the strategy of creating an
investigation process that examines the results of an experiment against the expected results. It
can be implemented in all areas of research, and basically consists the consideration of relatively
limited number of components. The relationship among the factors are scrutinized and judged
against the expectation of the research outcomes. Action research is characterised as a practical
approach to a particular investigation issue within a community of practice. It considers
inspecting activity to set up that it corresponds to the best approach. It tends to consider
reflective activity that is a systematic process through which the professional practice and
knowledge of the practitioners can be measured. This form of research is common in occupations
like teaching and nursing, where the consultants can evaluate forms within they can develop their
professional approach and understanding.
Case study research is the evaluation of a single unit in order to set up its main
characteristics and draw generalisations. It can provide an insight into the particular character of
any instance, and can set up the significance of culture and context in differences among cases.
This kind of research is appropriate in financial research, such as comparing the experiences of
two establishments or comparing the effect of investment in diverse contexts. Survey tends to be
utilised in quantitative research projects and consider sampling a representative proportion of the
population. The surveys offer quantitative information that can be determined empirically.
Surveys are most commonly utilised to examine causative variables among diverse sorts of
information. An archival research strategy is one where the research is organised from existing
materials (Rose, 2016). The form of research may consider a systematic literature review where
patterns of current investigation are scrutinized and summed up in order to establish the sum of
knowledge on a particular study, or to examine the application of existing research to particular
issues. Archival research may also refer to historical research where a body of source material in
mine in context to establish outcomes. Respective aspects of research onion aids researchers
12

accumulate data primary as well as secondary data by different plan of actions of investigation.
Along with this, case study is utilised for executing the secondary research upon specific subject.
As this facilitates a focus for research with efforts to underlines the issues that centred upon the
influence of research.
Research choice: The choices delineated in the research onion consider the mono method,
the mixed method and the multi-method. As of the names of these tools propose, the mono
method considers using one investigation approach for the study. The mixed methods needed the
utilisation of two or more methods of investigation and usually refer to the utilisation of both a
qualitative and a quantitative method. In the multi method a wider assortment of methods is
utilised (Agyei-Mensah, 2016). The key difference among the mixed and multi method is that the
mixed method considers a combined method that makes a single dataset. The multi method
approach is where the research is segmented into diverse parts with each creating a particular
dataset, each is then determined utilising tools gained from quantitative or qualitative
methodologies.
There are several choices of research which investigator has to execute diverse research
activities in progressive manner. Along with this, investigator would collect as well as examine
quantitative and qualitative data. Further, quantitative determination considers formal data
collection tools that drive regarding numerical or statistical representation of information.
Additionally, the qualitative investigation considers regulated methods of data gathering by
determining participants’ insights. Along with his, qualitative research may be assumed into
specific activity and procedure of research because it enables researcher to make easy relevant as
well as accurate data towards specific topic, this would allow desired outcomes of research to be
accomplished.
Research design: The research design is the description of how the research process will be
completed. It is a structure which considers the considerations that guided to the adequate
method being accepted, the way within the respondents was assorted and how the information
will be determined. There is a range of diverse feature research designs, namely the descriptive,
explanatory and the exploratory (Glass, Cook and Ingersoll, 2016). The descriptive research
design links to reproducing the experiences of representatives. It is thus connected closely to
ethnographic researches but a quantitative structure is also an effective structure. An explanatory
research design is concentrated on how to efficiently define the attributes of a population or a
13

social phenomenon. It may be observed as efficient where utilising a quantitative method, where
the impact of one variable on another can be established. The exploratory research is an
examination of a confront that takes place before enough is acknowledged to organise a
formulaic study project. It is basically implemented in context of further research in the subject
area.
This particular layer of research onion is concern about research strategy or method as well
as others where a research project could be executed as well as tracked. Furthermore, research
design may be described as a master plan which underlines how research is organised (del
Carmen Briano-Turrent and Rodríguez-Ariza, 2016). Additionally, the plan for diverse
approaches and tools as well as procedure to be performed for collecting and assessing
information from decision takes is sensible. Also, respective method of assessment or collecting
information which is efficient developed for incorporating value within business cycle
assessment. Therefore, the entire determination concern about sample aspects, those researchers
use for determining their impacts. Within executing research upon specific topic descriptive
design is used by investigator for collecting efficient information associated to subject. Along
with this, the definition is adequate as respondents profile, situation and attitudes is adoptable.
Also, this allow individual’s variable for preparing and compiling the extra information in
regulated as well as relevantly determined in monetary term. The information may be acquired
from research. Also, it is important as this researcher develops relevant, quality or descriptive
supported knowledge.
Data collection method: It is assumed as the process of adding data through effective
sources for analysing the answers associated to issues of research, testing and hypothesis as well
as determining the results. Data collection and analysis is reliant in the methodological approach
and tool utilised. The process implemented at this phase of the research donates essentially to the
study as whole reliability and validity. Regardless of the approach utilised in the project, the kind
of data assembled can be segmented in to two sorts such as primary and secondary (Cremers,
2015). Moreover, in primary method, fresh and first hand data is collected as well as entire
information is new. Along with this, it makes easy reliable data which is entirely focused upon
aim of research. Additionally, the data using by primary source are only assembled by
investigator when there is efficient time duration as well as funds as this is time consuming as
14

well as also the cost is higher for action executed. Also, there are several forms through that
primary data are gleaned such as questionnaires, focus group and others.
Whereas on other side, into secondary method researcher collect the information which has
been already assembled through others. Along with this, the method is very beneficial as it aids
researchers to analyse the nature of research as well as also lead the researcher associated to
direction over which the further investigation should be visualised. Within it, the data is
fundamentally collected from the sources such as articles, books, journals, web pages and any
more (Outa and Waweru, 2016). Thus, in context of organise present research regarding specific
topic, secondary source of data collection is considers as it enable the surveyor in assembling and
gleaning data from online sources by assessing already published data such as articles, books,
journals, magazines, companies websites and many more. It is so as online sources facilitate
upgraded information that stay the data used into current research project.
Research instruments: The data collection is an important section and part of this. Several
approaches and tools, including the interview, questionnaire, focus group, assessment and
modelling etc. are available for primary information collection. These are all essential tools and
methods for primary data gathering however the questionnaire is beneficial and effective to glean
information regarding the research topic. Surveyors may need taking close finished in this
methodology. It is also a important tool for researcher to collect effective or primary social
impact of life coaching programmes over the maximising performance of the business.
Time horizon: It is the time frame within that the project is proposed for completion. This
layer of research onion assumes as the important and significant aspects and components.
Furthermore, there is two times horizon approaches such as cross sectional approach of time is
advantageous as well as helpful supported to recent research. As this aids researchers to attain
the investigation at pre determined time period. Along with this, it focuses upon current
situations as well as aids surveyors systematically and on time attainment of overall research.
When on the other hand, longitudinal information is not beneficial as it entail the observations
for precise variable that are accessible for several months, years and many more.
Reliability and validity of research: For executing the research in successful way, the
researchers should produce reliable or credible results. In addition to this, the two aspects that are
important for researcher are valid and relevant. Further, researcher should accumulate data
through using efficient sources for ensuring validity (Pintea, 2015). It is both test as well as tolls
15

for relevantly assess what have to be executed. Additionally, reliability on other side is assumed
as positive or stabilise estimation of test results. Along with this, the explorations to that
assessment method are developed to be accomplished steady as well as relevant execution.
Therefore, it is the responsibility of researcher for assuring reliable data of accumulation and
amended performance. The surveyor is expected to make sure valid and relevant standards of
research execution.
Ethical considerations: It is included as the much important research method aspect as well
as surveyor should assure that understanding is developed through that interviewed. Moreover,
investigator has not disclosed representative’s personal data as well as facilitates them with
particular field and area’s information. Along with this, this is determined that the researcher is
accountable for making sure that targets may be accomplished into inquiries. Entire legitimate
benchmarks should meet effectively whereas executing examinations (Rossi, M., Nerino, M. and
Capasso, 2015). Also, by performing it, accurate and essential as well as appropriate data are
gleaned from interviews for assisting investigator to accomplish and hit the set objectives and
goals. When organising this specific research, surveyors should accept diverse research ethics
benchmarks. Those values are trustworthiness, equality, truthful and many more. In addition to
this, they are whole major standards of research ethics that researchers would utilise. It helps
surveyors to constantly as well as ethical manner to attain each research work and task
appropriately and adequately.
CONCLUSION
This has been concluded form the above define information that corporate governance refers
to the combination of rules, activities and rules as well as legislation through which businesses
are run, regulated and managed, the term includes the inside and outside components that
influence the interests of a firm’s stakeholders, considering shareholders, consumer, dealers,
government regulators and administration. From the literature review section, the concept of
corporate governance has been analysed. Along with this, the challenges and strategies as well as
importance of corporate governance has been described. The research document also highlighted
an explanation of the research methodology and data collection processes utilised to research the
investigation questions.
16

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
World Health Organization, 2019. Global action plan on physical activity 2018-2030: more
active people for a healthier world. World Health Organization.
Vith, S. and et. al., 2019. Envisioning the ‘sharing city’: Governance strategies for the sharing
economy. Journal of Business Ethics, 159(4), pp.1023-1046.
Selig, G.J., 2018, August. It Governance—An Integrated Framework and Roadmap: How to
Plan, Deploy and Sustain for Competitive Advantage. In 2018 Portland International
Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET) (pp. 1-15).
IEEE.
Padiyara, P., Inoue, H. and Sprenger, M., 2018. Global governance mechanisms to address
antimicrobial resistance. Infectious Diseases: Research and Treatment, 11,
p.1178633718767887.
Badia, F. and et. al., 2019. Integrated reporting in action: mobilizing intellectual capital to
improve management and governance practices. Journal of Management and
Governance, 23(2), pp.299-320.
Dietz, T. and et. al., 2018. Governance of the bioeconomy: A global comparative study of
national bioeconomy strategies. Sustainability, 10(9), p.3190.
Ringel, M. and Knodt, M., 2018. The governance of the European Energy Union: Efficiency,
effectiveness and acceptance of the Winter Package 2016. Energy Policy, 112, pp.209-
220.
Dale, A. and et. al., 2018. Multilevel governance of sustainability transitions in Canada: Policy
alignment, innovation, and evaluation. In Climate change in cities (pp. 343-358).
Springer, Cham.
Orenstein, W.A. and et. al., 2018. Measles and Rubella Global Strategic Plan 2012–2020
midterm review report: Background and summary. Vaccine, 36, pp.A35-A42.
Sonnino, R., 2019. The cultural dynamics of urban food governance. City, Culture and
Society, 16, pp.12-17.
Oberthür, S., 2019. Hard or soft governance? The EU’s climate and energy policy framework for
2030. Politics and Governance, 7(1), pp.17-27.
17

Gutenbrunner, C. and Nugraha, B., 2018. Responding to the World Health Organization Global
Disability Action Plan in Egypt: A Technical Consultation to Develop a National
Disability, Health and Rehabilitation Plan. Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 50(4),
pp.333-337.
Moon, C.J., Walmsley, A. and Apostolopoulos, N., 2018. Governance implications of the UN
higher education sustainability initiative. Corporate Governance: The international
journal of business in society.
Ortiz‐de‐Mandojana, N., Aguilera‐Caracuel, J. and Morales‐Raya, M., 2016. Corporate
governance and environmental sustainability: The moderating role of the national
institutional context. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental
Management, 23(3), pp.150-164.
Honoré, F., Munari, F. and de La Potterie, B.V.P., 2015. Corporate governance practices and
companies’ R&D intensity: Evidence from European countries. Research policy, 44(2),
pp.533-543.
Gnan, L., Montemerlo, D. and Huse, M., 2015. Governance systems in family SMEs: The
substitution effects between family councils and corporate governance
mechanisms. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(2), pp.355-381.
Shawtari, F.A. and et. al., 2016. Corporate governance characteristics and valuation: Inferences
from quantile regression. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative
Science, 21(41), pp.81-88.
Dibra, R., 2016. Corporate governance failure: The case of Enron and Parmalat. European
Scientific Journal, 12(16), pp.283-290.
Rose, C., 2016. Firm performance and comply or explain disclosure in corporate
governance. European Management Journal, 34(3), pp.202-222.
Agyei-Mensah, B.K., 2016. Internal control information disclosure and corporate governance:
evidence from an emerging market. Corporate Governance: The international journal
of business in society.
Glass, C., Cook, A. and Ingersoll, A.R., 2016. Do women leaders promote sustainability?
Analyzing the effect of corporate governance composition on environmental
performance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 25(7), pp.495-511.
18

del Carmen Briano-Turrent, G. and Rodríguez-Ariza, L., 2016. Corporate governance ratings on
listed companies: An institutional perspective in Latin America. European Journal of
Management and Business Economics, 25(2), pp.63-75.
Cremers, K.J., 2015. Commitment and entrenchment in corporate governance. Nw. UL Rev., 110,
p.727.
Outa, E.R. and Waweru, N.M., 2016. Corporate governance guidelines compliance and firm
financial performance. Managerial Auditing Journal.
Pintea, M.O., 2015. The relationship between corporate governance and corporate social
responsibility. Review of Economic Studies and Research Virgil Madgearu, 8(1), pp.91-
108.
Rossi, M., Nerino, M. and Capasso, A., 2015. Corporate governance and financial performance
of Italian listed firms. The results of an empirical research. Corporate Ownership &
Control, 12(2), pp.628-643.
Pucheta‐Martínez, M.C., Bel‐Oms, I. and Olcina‐Sempere, G., 2016. Corporate governance,
female directors and quality of financial information. Business Ethics: A European
Review, 25(4), pp.363-385.
Online
Holtwhites Hotel. 2020. [Online]. Available Through: <https://www.yell.com/biz/holtwhites-
hotel-enfield-2610671/>.
Chen J. 2020. Corporate Governance Definition. [Online]. Available Through: <
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporategovernance.asp>.
Rouse M. 2020. Corporate governance. [Online]. Available Through: <
https://searchcompliance.techtarget.com/definition/corporate-governance>.
Thompson J. 2018. Corporate Governance Issues & Challenges. [Online]. Available Through: <
https://bizfluent.com/info-7863014-corporate-governance-issues-challenges.html>.
Muir J. 2016. COMMON ISSUES THAT ARISE IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE. [Online].
Available Through: < https://jmuirandassociates.com/corporate-governance-issues/>.
Volkov M. 2013. Five Steps to Improve Corporate Governance. [Online]. Available Through: <
https://blog.volkovlaw.com/2013/01/five-steps-to-improve-corporate-governance/>.
Tsoi P. 2017. The Importance of Corporate Governance. [Online]. Available Through: <
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/importance-corporate-governance-paul-tsoi/>.
19

Sharma S. 2020. The importance of corporate governance. [Online]. Available Through: <
https://corpbiz.io/learning/importance-of-corporate-governance-in-an-organization/>.
Ortiz‐de‐Mandojana, N., Aguilera‐Caracuel, J. and Morales‐Raya, M., 2016
Honoré, F., Munari, F. and de La Potterie, B.V.P., 2015
Gnan, L., Montemerlo, D. and Huse, M., 2015
Shawtari, F.A. and et. al., 2016
Dibra, R., 2016
Rose, C., 2016
Agyei-Mensah, B.K., 2016
Glass, C., Cook, A. and Ingersoll, A.R., 2016
del Carmen Briano-Turrent, G. and Rodríguez-Ariza, L., 2016
Cremers, K.J., 2015
Outa, E.R. and Waweru, N.M., 2016
Pintea, M.O., 2015
Rossi, M., Nerino, M. and Capasso, A., 2015
Pucheta‐Martínez, M.C., Bel‐Oms, I. and Olcina‐Sempere, G., 2016
20