Analysis of Business and Retail Management Papers

The provided document is an analysis of multiple business and retail management papers. It includes articles from reputable sources such as International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, European Journal of Marketing, and Journal of the Knowledge Economy. The papers cover topics like loyalty card adoption in SME retailers, work organisation and employee learning, customer-oriented service culture, data center storage, curriculum development for medical education, and client uptake of safer conception strategies. Each paper is referenced with its authors' names, publication year, and relevant details. This comprehensive analysis can serve as a valuable resource for students and professionals seeking to explore these topics in-depth.

Strategy into Action

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Background of the project......................................................................................................1
Purpose of the report..............................................................................................................1
Aim.........................................................................................................................................1
Objectives...............................................................................................................................1
Part 1................................................................................................................................................1
Consultancy report..................................................................................................................1
Identifying the organization.............................................................................................................1
Company profile.....................................................................................................................1
Key strategic/ cultural issues in M&S....................................................................................2
Rationale behind the change process......................................................................................4
Key stages involved in the change process......................................................................................5
Challenges that can derail the change process.......................................................................8
Part 2..............................................................................................................................................10
Situational analysis........................................................................................................................10
Overview..............................................................................................................................10
Lewin's change management model.....................................................................................11
Overview of Lewin's change management model................................................................11
Application of Lewin's change management model.............................................................11
The McKinsey 7-s model.....................................................................................................12
Overview of The McKinsey 7-s model................................................................................12
Application of The McKinsey 7-s model.............................................................................12
Kotter’s 8 step change model...............................................................................................13
Overview of Kotter’s 8 step change model..........................................................................13
Application of Kotter’s 8 step change model.......................................................................14
Business canvas....................................................................................................................16
STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS......................................................................................................16
SWOT ANALYSIS.......................................................................................................................16
Overview of SWOT..............................................................................................................16

BALANCED SCORE CARD ANALYSIS...................................................................................17
Overview of balanced score card analysis............................................................................17
FORCE MODEL ANALYSIS.......................................................................................................17
Overview of Force model analysis.......................................................................................17
Part three........................................................................................................................................18
Reflective writing.................................................................................................................18
Implementation of changes and Recommendations......................................................................19
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................21

INTRODUCTION
Background of the project
Strategy is considered as a way that an organization can implement in between to the
operations and processes of the company in order to achieve a higher rate of productivity (Smith,
2016). For maintaining the popularity and productivity of the business for a longer time,
developing and implementing strategies is a basic step which involves methods, ways, tactics
etc.
Purpose of the report
The report is about discussing the strategies and the techniques that can prove helpful
enough in making modifications in the management issues that are being faced by M&S. So, it
involves the whole process of strategy change that can be involved by M&S in order to make
effective changes, thus helping the company to achieve its position back again in the market.
Aim
To analyse the techniques that can help M&S in an improvised set of strategies for the
management issues.
Objectives
 To determine the strategies for management issues.
 To analyse the implementation of the strategies in processing of operations of M&S.
 To recommend ways of analysing the impact of strategies on management issues of
M&S.
Part 1
Consultancy report
Identifying the organization
Company profile
M&S is one of the leading retailers that deal with a wide variety of the product range that
can be used in the daily routine of an individual. As there are some issues in every organization,
there are some management issues in M&S as well. Although there can be various issues that can
be classified by the major one that plays a very important role is the issue of management. It is
because due to lack of management, there are various smaller factors that are acting as a barrier
for the operations and productivity of the company. There can be various reasons that may act
responsible for the low profitability of M&S and some well known and common examples of
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this can be concluded as less motivation, improper leadership skills etc. It is because these
factors play an important role for maintaining the balance between all the functions and
operations so that M&S can be able to achieve all the targets and goals in an efficient and
appropriate way. So, the strategies that are currently implementing by the organisation can be
analysed effectively and on the basis of outputs achieved, new strategies and techniques can be
included in order to make the whole processing better enough so that the operations and the
functioning of M&S can effectively be able to achieve the goals and targets.
Performance analysis
Key strategic/ cultural issues in M&S
Strategic issues can be considered as some factors that act as a barrier for M&S that they
can keep away the operations of M&S to reach their goals and targets. There are various
strategic issues that are being faced by M&S and some of the well known factors are discussed
as under :
 The major problem that the company is facing is of low profitability and there is a
possibility that it can be because of various factors such as lack of motivation to the
employees etc. So, the company is facing a wide range of pressure because these factors
were acting as a challenge or barrier for the M&S in order to achieve their targets and
goals. There are two ways of strategic issues, external and the internal. The external
factor can be considered as the ones that makes involvement of external factors to stop
the productivity of the company whereas the internal factors are the ones that M&S may
have to face challenges because of the internal factors only (Haegdorens, Monsieurs and
Van Bogaert, 2018). There can be various factors associated with the issue of low
profitability and some common factors that can be termed responsible for it involves less
motivation to the employees, lack of leadership skills etc. It is because when the
employees are working hard enough so that the organisation can be able to achieve the
outcomes, it is obvious that they will expect some sort of benefits from the company's
side. Therefore, some benefits such as increments, incentives etc. play a major and
important role so that the employees can also stay focused, thus it can help the company
to achieve all the outcomes and targets at a faster rate.
 Another strategic issues that M&S is going through is lack of motivation to the
employees. It is because encouraging and motivating employees from time to time is very
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important to keep them happy. As customers are an important part of the organization,
employees are also important enough. So, it is very important to keep them happy so that
they can be able to maintain their focus on the operations and functions of the company,
thus leading to achieve better objectives and thus, further higher rate of popularity and
productivity as well. Encouraging employees can actually help M&S to stay happy and
thus, focused towards the operations of the company so that they can be able to achieve
all the targets and goals at a much faster rate.
 Another strategic issue that M&S is going through is the lack of customer management. It
is because somewhere M&S is no able to cope with the requirements and needs of the
customers. There is a wide communication gap that can be considered as a result of the
same. It is because for an organization, it is very important to know what he customer
actually wants because customers play a very important role in maintaining the
productivity of the organization. So, somewhere M&S lacks in the fact that what the
customer's requirement is. As here is a very less amount of interaction between the
management and the customers, so there may be the possibility that it acts as an equal
reason for the low profitability of M&S. Therefore, M&S can ensure about involving
proper preventive measures so that they can have a direct interaction with the customers
without any sort of mediator etc. As a very well known example of this can be considered
as the action of taking feedbacks from the customers. It is because when M&S will
ensure taking feedbacks from the customers after ever deliver or purchase, they can tell
them ha what are the factors that are no liked by them, so proper effective changes can be
involved in order to replace and modify what is required, so that the customers can stay
happy (Thompson and Newsome, 2016). Also, by this way, the customers will also
consider the fact that they are an essential part of the company, which helps in
maintaining their focus on the operations of the company at a better rate. So, an efficient
amount of relationship between the customers and management is very important.
 Another strategy issue that can be considered as a well known factor tending to the low
profitability of M&S is less innovation to the products and services. It is important to
classify because it is obvious enough that the customers also need some change in their
lives. So, if M&S will continue the processing of the same products and services for a
large time, this will surely bore the customers. It is because customers also want
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something new and innovative. So, innovation can be considered here is an important
tool to keep the interest of the customers maintained. So, M&S can ensure involving
some sort of innovation in their products and services so that he can be able to provide
customers something different. This will help in maintaining the interest of the customers
as well and that too at a higher rate.
Rationale behind the change process
As there have been enormous number of factors that are acting as barriers and
challenges , which are also responsible for causing a negative impact on the productivity of the
company. So, some well known examples of this can be considered as improper leadership skills,
lack of management, less motivation to the employees etc. So, because of the impact that these
factors throws on the overall productivity of the company, there is a need to change the
strategy. As it is obvious enough that when customers will not be encouraged and motivated
about their performance, they will surely get disappointed and this will affect their focus and
concentration on the achievements. So, it is very important to motivate the employees at a higher
level. Therefore, M&S can ensure involving was so that they can be able to provide some sort of
motivation and encouragement to the employees. It can be done b providing them some sort of
increments, incentives etc. To the employees so that they can also consider the fact that they are
important for the company. This helps in maintaining their focus on the operations of the
company so that it can be able to achieve all the targets and goals. Also, along with providing
increments and incentives to the employees on a regular basis, the management of M&S ca also
provide them extra week off’s because this can also be considered as an efficient want to make
the employees happy. So, by these means, M&S can be able to involve an efficient range of
operations that can prove helpful enough in providing an appropriate range of motivation to the
employees. Also, another factor that can be considered as important enough for the reasoning of
why the strategies have to be changed is lack of customer relationship. It is because for any
organization, it is very important to maintain effective relationships with the customers. It is
because they play a very important role for continuing the operations of the company.
So, M&S can ensure by various ways that what the customer actually wants. It is
important to understand because understanding the needs and requirements of the customers is
very important as it helps in making the structure in that way only. So, M&S can ensure
understanding the requirements of the customers so that they can be able to make proper
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modifications on that basis only (Thompson and Newsome, 2016). Therefore, after ever
purchase of the customer etc., M&S can ensure taking proper feedbacks from the customer so
that they can be able to know what they want and can make modifications and improvements
accordingly. This can help in making the whole processing better. So, here is a need of initiating
and implementing change process. It is because there are various factors involved because of
which M&S has to go through low profitability and its consequences. It has been observed hat
from a few times, M&S has lost its competitive advantage and there is a possibility that it can be
because of these factors only.
It is because in every organization, some factors that play a major and important
role involves proper communication between employees, with customers, an efficient customer
relationship management etc. therefore, M&S can ensure involving the changes in strategies as
providing motivation to the employees by means of incentives, increments etc. so that he can be
able to say happy and encouraged etc. are important. It is because these modified changes and
was can be used for achieving a better rate of popularity and productivity. Lack of
encouragement and motivation can actually act as a barrier for the employee to stay happy and
focused towards the operations, therefore, these can be considered as effective reasons behind
the change process. It is because with these changes, here is a possibility that M&S can be able
to regain its position in the market, thus will make higher rate of profits and benefits. Therefore,
it can be considered as the fact that when some factors are acting as a barrier or challenge to the
overall rate of the productivity of M&S, there are probably fewer chances of the business to
achieve is goals and targets. Therefore, at the time of requirements etc. It is very important to
make involvement of all he effective changes so that the processing of M&S can be performed at
an efficient rate and they can be able to achieve a higher rate of popularity as well as
productivity.
Key stages involved in the change process
Before the proper implementation of the changes, it is very important to analyse that what
are the factors that actually needs to be changed. The whole process of the change is classified in
a variety of phases and every single phase plays a very important role in the whole management
of the change process, thus making every single phase clear enough that the processing of these
can result in a better outcome rate. Actually, there are five basic steps that are involved in the
change process. Every single process has its own significance, thus the combination of these can
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result in achieving all the outcomes, thus gaining a satisfied rate of customers, which can help in
a better rate of productivity as well as popularity.
The change process can be classified in a few stages and these can be classified as
below :
 Acknowledging the need for change is considered as the first stage. It is because M&S
should ensure that what are the factors that are actually required to be modified or
improvised. It is because the organization should be clear enough for the reasons for
making change because It is important enough (Schwartz, Bassett and Van Rie, 2017).
Before bringing or implementing the changes in the operations and functions of the
company, he should be clear enough ha actually what are the reasons that there is a
requirement of change. If the company would be clear about the factors that they need to
change, then it can result in better outputs. Otherwise, this can turn the situation more
complex. Therefore, it is very important that M&S should stay clear about the factors that
needs to be changed and also there should be proper reasons about that. It will help them
to achieve better outputs, thus a more effective range of the functions and operations.
 Another sage is that as M&S is one of the leading retailer, so there will be enormous
number of employees as well. Therefore, It is very important that the management of
M&S can make ever single employee clear about the reasons for developing the change
so that he can also make their minds before only. Otherwise, It can be termed as a sudden
implementation of the change for them and that will be hard to implement for them. Also,
along with this, there is a possibility ha a sudden change or modification may not be able
enough to satisfy the employees and can cause mis understandings as well. Therefore, It
is very important to convey any changes or modifications that the management has
decided to implement because by his way, they can also stay aware of the changes and
his will help them to cope with them even faster (Thompson and Newsome, 2016).
 The third stage is to develop a proper plan that is structured enough and must be
involving ever single activity and action. Ii is because when the strategies and techniques
have been decided that are about to implement in the organization, making a proper
structure of the same is very important because It helps in making the vision clear enough
(Wilson, 2015). So, it is very important to plan properly because there must be various
other factors that will be associated with the making of the plan. Therefore, at that time,
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making a well structured plan is very important because detailing It is considered as an
essential step and It is essential because at the time of implementation of the plan, if here
has already been structure made, then there are fewer chances of and discrepancy or
issue. For a better implementation process, it is very important to have a structured plan
because hat can help in going the process of the implementation smooth enough.
 Implementing the changes itself is another factor that is considered as one of the essential
one. It is because after understanding and making the changes that needs to be involved b
M&S in order to have a better processing rate, it is very important to implement the same.
Without making an implementation, there is no advantage of making the change and then
developing a plan etc. therefore, implementation of all the changes is considered as one
of the essential factors that needs to be developed. Also, this is considered as one of the
important steps that needs to be take place for a better processing rate of operations and
functions. The fact that is to be ensured here is that the management at it should involve
a better decision making of all he employees in which they can inform all he employees
about the changes and modifications that are to be done and about the development and
implementation of the plan as well (Campino, Santesteban and Lopez-de-Heredia, 2016).
It is because the employees are also considered as a very essential part of the
organization, so It is their rights to make all of them aware of he changes and also about
the reasons that why the company is bringing these changes. I will help them to
understand the changes better so that they might not feel any sort of complexity or issue
while dealing with them. Also, it is the right of the employee to know about ever
important process or function that is going under in the company. This will help them in
gaining a better are of sour from the employees side, thus he can be able to work together
and achieve all the objectives and goals a much faster rate.
 The last stage of the change process is considered as the evaluation of programs because
it is he final step after a proper implementation of the changes that are to be made within
M&S. The company can make an evaluation of the process that have been made and can
review that whether he changes have been implemented successfully or not. Reviewing
the changes and is impact is considered as a very important step because this helps in
checking the status whether the factors have been successful drawn out or not. This
means that there can be the possibility that some of the factors may throw a negative
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impact. In this, the organization can evaluate that whether the processing is effective
enough or no. if there is found that there are ill some factors that are no going well
enough and here is a possibility that in the future, it may act as a challenge or barrier, in
that case, the changes can be replaced or modified as soon as possible. Therefore, It can
be considered that reviewing the changes is very essential step because it helps in
analysing the fact that every process is going efficient or not.
Challenges that can derail the change process
There are enormous number of factors that might act as a challenge or barrier while the
implementation of the change process and these factors are considered as below :
Employee involvement
It is very important that the employees along with the staff members at M&S can be able
enough to resist the changes that they have implemented. It is because it is not about only
involving the changes but resisting to it is important. If after implementing the new and modified
factors, the employees feel less capable of implementing the changes, then it can cause major
complications for the whole operations and functioning of M&S. So, the involvement of
employees is very important. If in case, the employees seem less interested, then there is a
possibility that it may cause some loss to the management of the organisation. One of the most
well known and common barriers and challenges to the same is known as the issue of lacking
involvement of the employees. That is the reason it is considered that while deciding about the
change development and implementation, it is very important to make involvement of the
employees as well. This helps in reducing the risk rate of the involvement of employees in
M&S. Therefore, it is very important that M&S may make involvement of employees in the
decision making process of the whole process of change. This can further assure them that the
risk of employee motivation can reduce to a huge extent, thus they can be able to focus on the
operations better.
Lacking communication
A lack in the communication can also be considered as one of the major factors that may
act as a challenge in the change process. In many organisations, it has been observed that the
management makes changes in order to the fact that the employees will adjust. Without
communicating with them, implementing changes may cause some issues (Thompson and
Newsome, 2016). As in this case, the employees may resist performing the operations or also
8

they may consume a huge amount of time and that can actually throw an impact on the
operations of M&S. Therefore, implementation of a well interaction rate can actually help in
making the process better and efficient enough.
Managing complications
It is obvious that when the new change process will be implemented, it will throw an
impact on various associated factors. With those factors, there will be some issues as well such
as managing with the new changes, understanding them etc. So, at that time, getting worried can
cause complications because in that case, it can throw a negative impact on the change process.
Therefore, M&S can ensure to have some techniques and strategies that they can use at the time
of conflicts etc. So, if at that time, the management is not able to cope with these conflicts, it can
act as a challenge or barrier affecting the operations of the company. Therefore, it is very
important to have some techniques and ways already as a backup so that if in case, there occurs
some conflicts, M&S can be able to make use of it.
Lack of encouragement
Lack of motivation or encouragement to the employees can act as a barrier while the
implementation of the change process. It is because when M&S will be developing and
implementing changes, it is obvious that some factors will be new for the employees as well. So,
there may be the possibility that the employees will take some time to get aware of the specific
ones, so at that time, lack of support and encouragement to the employees can act as a challenge
or barrier. It is obvious because as the new processes will be new for employees as well, so they
might take some time to get aware of it. So, less or no rate of motivation can act as a challenge
for M&S. Therefore, M&S should ensure to provide the employees appropriate set of
encouragement. It can be in the form of incentives, increments etc. so that they can be able
enough to cope with the new and modified processes of the change.
Planning
This being a foremost consideration of change process requires an intact planning of
resources as well as other related aspects to effectively manage the implementation of a changed
process. Although, it is impossible to begin with a successful change without any strategic
planning that is necessary to deal in today’s contending business world. Planning is basically to
know the exact changes required in the organisation and the way in which, they will successfully
take place in the organisation (Wilson, 2015). This is for instance M&S is looking to bring some
9

changes related to their currently adopted system of content management. For which, it is
important to firstly consider whether the newly proposed system will be compatible to their old
system or they need to transform it completely with a new system. Due to which, they will be
together required to allot different roles and responsibilities to the workers who will play a
significant role in the requisite change. This is mainly to fix a specific timeline to carry out
successfully implement the proposed change and monitor its efficacy in terms of meeting the
objective of change.
Lack in agreement
This is stated to be yet another barrier associated with a successful implementation of
change in M&S where it is crucial to get everyone on board to bring an effective corporate
change. However, decision to bring a change is apparent to come from the top managerial
bodies, but is also essential to show the process of change to the management with a special
consideration of involving the middle level administrative bodies into it. Together, everyone is
expected to take effective decisions in terms of getting agreed to bring a requisite change into the
organisation. This will also alleviate the state of conflict arising due to any disputed concern
among the employees towards bringing a successful change.
Part 2
Situational analysis
Theoretical/Strategic models that are appropriate to be applied
Overview
There are various models and frameworks that can be applied by M&S in order to
comply with the changes that have been implemented by them in order to exclude the issue of
low profitability by various means. Some strategic frameworks that can be involved by M&S are
discussed as under :
Lewin's change management model
Overview of Lewin's change management model
One of the well known models is considered as the Lewin's change management model.
There are three basic aspects of the model that can be used for a better implementation rate of
change and these three aspects involves unfreeze, modifications and refreeze.
10

Application of Lewin's change management model
The first aspect, unfreeze means that first, M&S should ensure to unfreeze the current process. In
this, they can investigate that what are the potential areas that needs to be changed. In this, M&S
can ensure involving the employees in a decision making process where they can make all the
employees aware enough of the changes (Hutchinson, Donnell and Reid, 2015). Then, after a
successful unfreezing, deployment of changes is the nest step in which M&S have to provide
some sort of efficient training and organisation of skills so that the employees can get aware of
the ways of implementing the changes that have been implemented by M&S. This can help
M&S to exclude from any factors leading to the low profitability of the company. Then, after all
the whole deployment and execution, M&S needs to refreeze the same processes. Also,
reviewing the process on a regular basis is important enough because this can help M&S to
evaluate whether all the processing is going in an efficient way or not. The fact that is to be
ensured here is that there should be proper amount of support from the management to the
employees. Also, it is very important to focus on the factors that are quite complicated. It is
because if these factors are replaced or removed as soon as possible, then there is a possibility
that it will make effective changes that act suitable enough for the operations and processes of
M&S. A well interaction is also an important part because three are possibilities that many sorts
of rumours occur, so this can create complexities between the employees etc. Therefore, it is
very important to communicate and clear about the rumours so that everything will stay clear
enough with the operations. This will help in a better rate of processing, thus it can actually
increase the overall productivity rate of M&S as well.
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The McKinsey 7-s model
Overview of The McKinsey 7-s model
The McKinsey 7-s model is considered as one of the efficient models that helps in
providing the visibility about the coherence of the operations of M&S. By this model, M&S can
make a proper analysis of all the factors so that they can be able to realise that what actually
needs to be changed.
Application of The McKinsey 7-s model
There are various aspects of the model and some well known aspects involves strategy, structure,
style, staff, skills etc. So, by this, M&S can analyse the basic factors such as lack of motivation
etc. are actually the factors that are leading to the low profitability of M&S. So, such factors can
be modified so that M&S can ensure providing a proper rate of motivation to them so that the
employees can also stay happy. Thus, it will further help in excluding the issue of low
profitability in M&S, thus they can be able to gain a satisfied rate of customers along with a
great rate of productivity and popularity (Wilson, 2015). So, if M&S ensures to provide these
ways for motivating them, according to this model, they need to assess this strategy. The way
this strategy can be implemented also covers in this. As one of the efficient ways will be by
providing increments and incentives to the employees because these means can actually make
the employees happy, so that their focus can stay maintained towards work and for achieving the
goals and targets as well. The model also says that M&S should develop a proper and well
structure so that to every employee and member of M&S, it should be clear enough that what are
their roles and responsibilities towards the change.
The whole hierarchy should be simple enough that there is a direct communication
between every single body so that there must not be any sort of trouble or issue affecting the
operations of the company. The employees and staff members of M&S should be cooperative
enough that they can comply with every single change such as providing motivation to
employees, organising training sessions etc. to the employees. It helps in maintaining a sort of
balance between all the operations, thus M&S can be able to focus better on the rate of
operations and services. The style in which the processes are being managed also plays an
important role. It involves the management style, competitive analysis etc. It is because this is
very important to analyse whether the management style M&S is using is effective enough or
not. It is important to analyse so that if there are any discrepancies found, then, they can be
12

modified and improvised by M&S as soon as possible. It can help in making an effective rate of
the operations, thus the organisation can be able to gain a better rate of productivity as well.
When there will be an appropriate rate of functioning of the operations in the company, it will
automatically help in increasing the profitability of the same. Investigating about the skills of the
employees is considered as another essential step. This information and data can be gathered by
the help of customers of M&S. Whether it is in terms of attending them or guiding them about
any product or service, it acts very important. So, proper feedbacks can be taken from the
customers of M&S so that they can help in analysing better that what are the factors they are
satisfied with and with what not. This will help them in making effective changes so that the
factors that are not liked by the customers can be replaced as soon as possible, thus a better rate
of balance can stay maintained. This will help M&S in gaining a higher rate of profitability as
well. It is because when more and more customers will be satisfied with the operations and
functions of M&S, it is obvious that their focus will stay maintained in the functioning of the
company, thus it will lead to a better rate of profitability as well. This model can seem as the
most beneficial option for M&S that by applying it, there is a higher possibility of gaining higher
chances of profitability, thus popularity as well.
Kotter’s 8 step change model
Overview of Kotter’s 8 step change model
This is in regard to specify an effective change management strategy proposed by John
Kotter. It is with a foremost concern of making change, a vital campaign. Herein, the workers
accept the change after their leaders persuade them with some urgency to bring on a requisite
change which is necessary to take place.
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Application of Kotter’s 8 step change model
For this, there exists 8 main steps, that are as explicated below-
1. Firstly, the concerned bodies are required to upsurge the exigency for change. In this, the
management at M&S will be having a core group with which they can be able to discuss
all the factors that are implemented with the change process (Lorenz, Lundvall and
Rasmussen, 2016). In this, the management of M&S can make involvement of enormous
number of ways that can help them in convincing the employees about the specific
change. It can act as a very essential step.
2. Secondly, the associated leaders in M&S are required to form a team who clearly
understands the need of bringing a requisite change and should be dedicated enough
towards its successful implementation. This can also be considered as bringing up of the
strategic vision in M&S so that it can help their operations to cope with the challenges
and barriers. M&S should stay clear enough of the fact that they have to involve ways so
that they can be able to gain a higher rate of profitability by satisfying a great number of
customers.
3. Thirdly, the leaders are together responsible to build a vision for a required change. In
this, M&S can ensure to have an effective decision making process in which they make
involvement of all the employees and will let them know about the whole decision
making process. In this, all the employees along with the authorities can have a decision
14

making process and discuss about all the factors that are associated with the changes.
Keeping every member together and sharing the important factors with them is important
because it helps in maintaining the balance between all the factors.
4. Next is to properly communicate the change along with its needs to all associated bodies
of M&S as a way of involving them in the process of change management. It is because
employees are also considered as an important part of the organisation (Shah and Jain,
2015). Therefore, they have equal rights to be a part of the decision making of the
company. So, it is important to discuss the changes with them as well so that they can be
able to stay aware of all the factors so that at the time of implementation, they may not
feel burdened or may find it complex.
5. After which, authorising the staff is next important stage as a way of enabling them to
bring onto a successful change. In this, guiding the staff and employees at M&S will be
done because it is obvious enough that the new and implemented changes such as
involving various factors for providing increments, incentives to the employees etc.,
taking feedbacks from the employees etc. so that M&S can be able to gain a higher rate
of profitability. It will be done as by providing satisfaction to the employees, they can be
able to gain a higher rate of productivity as well.
6. Followed by which, developing short term goals is another vital agenda to bring a
successful change in the organisation. Short term goals can help as it can seem easy
enough to achieve smaller targets at much faster rate. This can help M&S in achievement
of all the goals and targets at a faster rate comparatively. M&S has a vision and a goal but
keeping the focus on directly achieving the goal can act complicated. So, it is an efficient
way to divide the goal in smaller parts so that they can keep their focus on the smaller
parts one by one and finally, they will be able to reach to the final output.
7. Subsequently, after which, there is a need to stay determined towards the change and
striving hard to attain the set goals related to it. It is because this is not only about
implementing the changes but also about staying focused upon it (Zarkada-Fraser and
Fraser, 2015). It is because after the implementation, it is very important to analyse and
keep a wide focus on it on so that M&S can be able to achieve all the targets, thus a
higher rate of profitability as well.
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8. Last is to make the change perpetual in nature with its successful implementation at the
workplace. It is because the changes should not be temporary. It should be implemented
in a way that they last forever. Then only, it can result in effective changes. So, the
changes should be made in a way that they cannot be termed as temporary but can help
the operations of M&S to prove appropriate enough.
The end result of the implementation of the strategies and techniques in M&S was that M&S
started involving various ways for satisfying the customers. Also, they involved various ways for
providing an efficient rate of motivation to the employees such as giving increments etc. so that
the employees can stay happy and focused towards the operations, thus leading to the
achievement of all the targets and goals.
Business canvas
Business canvas is considered as a strategic framework that can be involved by M&S.
This is considered as an effective way of either developing new or making modifications in the
models that are currently existing in the company. There are various different aspects considered
within this and these involve customer segments, value proposition of M&S, financial status, key
resources etc. So, M&S can also ensure covering all the aspects. As they should know what are
the actual requirements of the customers so that they can make further modifications in the
processing of the operations and functions.
STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
It is used in project management, business administration to asses the information of
stakeholders. By the help of this it is found out that how the interests of stakeholders of M&S are
used in a project plan. All the competing demands of a firm are weighed and balanced by the
stakeholder analysis. This is used during the project preparation to find out the potential changes
in stakeholders. This may be done once or on a regular basis. So, M&S can make involvement
of the same so that all the processing of the operations and functions can be done effectively.
SWOT ANALYSIS
Overview of SWOT
The Swot analysis of M&S is discussed as under :
Strengths
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One of the major strength of M&S is that it is one of the leading retailers in the world.
So, there are enormous number of loyal and permanent customers of the same. This is the major
strength of M&S.
Weakness
As there are enormous number of competitors in the market place and every single
company is trying to involve something rare to attract the customers. Therefore, this can be
considered as a weak factor for M&S.
Opportunity
Because of the enormous number of competition in the market place, there are various
options that M&S can involve such as rare range of products and services etc. So, this is a sort
of opportunity for M&S to attract the customers.
Threats
The competitors and rivals of M&S can involve any strategy by which they can try to let
down the operations and functions of M&S. So, this can act as a threat for M&S. Therefore,
involvement of strategies and techniques can be done by M&S in order to stay prevented from
the same.
BALANCED SCORE CARD ANALYSIS
Overview of balanced score card analysis
Balanced score card analysis is considered as a framework that help in analysing better
and efficient behavioural rate in M&S. It is being used by keeping the focus on four major areas.
Objectives are being achieved by considering the initiatives and then on that basis, goals and
targets can be achieved accordingly by M&S. For M&S, it can be used as one of the effective
way to make the decision making process better and appropriate enough.
FORCE MODEL ANALYSIS
Overview of Force model analysis
Porter's five force model is considered as another model that can help M&S in sustaining
various levels of productivity and popularity so that they can be able to achieve a higher
competitiveness in the market place. There are various aspects of this model such as maintaining
the bargaining power of suppliers, buyers. Also, ensuring proper strategies in M&S so that they
can be able to cope with the threats and factors of the competitors bin the market place.
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Part three
Reflective writing
The main issue M&S was facing is of low profitability and for excluding out the issue,
they have implemented enormous number of ways that can provide them some sort of help to
maintain a sort of balance between different operations. I think one of the major issues that was
responsible for causing complications in M&S was lack of motivation. It is because this is
obvious enough that when the employees will work hard for achieving the outcomes of the
company, they will also expect something better from company. So, I realised that there might be
the possibility that M&S was somewhere lacking in providing an efficient rate of encouragement
to the employees so that they can also stay focused and happy as well and it will further help
them in achieving all the objectives at much faster rates. There are various reasons because of
which M&S can face the issue of low profitability. Some well known examples of it includes
lack of motivation, lack of innovation etc. it is because these are considered as some factors that
play an important role in maintaining the balance. So, M&S has to work upon these. Lack of
innovation and ineffective customer relationship management are considered as factors that
might generate complications for the operations and business functions of M&S. So, M&S can
ensure to have healthy relationships with the customers so that they can help M&S to get aware
of the factors that are not liked by the customers. Taking feedbacks from the customers is
considered as one of the effective ways that can help M&S to analyse that what operations are
exactly liked by the customers and what not. The ones with some rate of issues etc. that the
customers are not liking it can be replaced or modified with some new ones so that it can be able
enough to satisfy the customers. Therefore, I think that these strategies can actually be able
enough to satisfy the needs of the customers, thus it can further help M&S to gain an efficient
rate of profitability as well.
Various strategic models have also been used by M&S such as Lewin's change
management model, The McKinsey 7-s model, Kotter's 8 step model etc. but the one most
suitable and relevant for M&S can be considered as the McKinsey 7-s model. It is because by
means of this model, I also think that this can help The McKinsey 7-s model in realising the
factors that are actually required by the company in order to implement the changes. It is because
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although there are enormous number of factors that are acting for a successful processing of the
functions and operations but some factors that are actually needed to be changed should be
analysed and the same is being done with the help of this model. It will help in analysing the
factors that may act as a challenge or barrier at some point of the functioning. Therefore,
modifying and replacing the same with some factors that can act as beneficial enough for The
McKinsey 7-s model in gaining the satisfaction of the customers is important. So, I think the
implementation of the McKinsey 7-s model by M&S is a great option because by these ways, the
company can be able to realise the factors that actually needs to be changed so that the whole
process of the change and operations can work effectively and can also help M&S to achieve all
the objectives and goals at a much faster rate. I realised the fact that while the implementation for
the change process, there are various factors that can act as a challenge or barrier. Some well
known and common examples of these challenging factors can be considered as lack of
involvement from employees side, lacking interaction level, ways of managing the complications
etc. It is because if at the time of implementation of the change process, the employees do not
provide an appropriate rate of support, then it can make the situation very complex and
complicated. So, I think that M&S should involve all the employees in the decision making
process so that they can stay aware of their roles and responsibilities. This will help them to
cooperate at that time. Therefore, I think involving the employees in the decision making process
is very important because they are considered as an effective way. By this way, they can also be
able to consider the fact that they are an important part of the company which helps in
maintaining their focus towards the work. So, I think the involvement of these factors and
strategies can help in maintaining a balance between all the operations of the company so that
M&S can be able to have an effective range of satisfied customers along with a higher rate of
productivity.
Implementation of changes and Recommendations
M&S should focus on involving a strategy of developing an innovative range of products
and services that can be efficient enough to attract the interest of the customers. It is because this
is an obvious fact that the customers will also get bored with the products that they are using on a
regular basis. So, they must want something new and different. Therefore, M&S can ensure
implementing something new and innovative so that they can be able enough to gain the interest
of the customers, thus it will help them to have an appropriate rate of popularity as well as
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productivity. Maintaining effective customer relationship is important because like employees,
customers are also an important part of the organisation. It is important as because of the
customers only that the organisation will be able to grow and expand its operations. Without the
customers, an organisation cannot be able to perform any function or activity.
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