advancement of technology in the agricultural PDF

Summary
Abstract
Science, along with the advancement of technology in the agricultural as well as
farming field has brought some huge changes in the industry. The involvement of science
discovered many new things which turn out to be beneficial for the mankind. Among many
scientific methods, Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) is quite significant in producing
any kind of desired biological products. Various important uses of GMO are there that
includes pet breeding, crop farming, livestock production and others. In agricultural field,
crop farming is one of the best artificial reproductive methods accepted throughout the world.
The discussed article provides a clear idea about the topic GMO. It specifically mentions the
function of donor organism as well as the target organism. The paper also provides a statistics
on different genetically modified products. In the paper, description of different products that
used GMO to get modified is also provided clearly. Various stakeholders are associated with
a vested interest in this issue and their activities and concerns are also described in the paper.
Government agencies in the United States also regulate GMO and the reason is elaborated in
the article thoroughly. The role of USDA and FDA has been stated in this regard. At the same
time, some example of common foods that contain GMO is also provided in the discussed
article. The GMO producing countries are also a part of the discussion in this paper. Finally,
it has been discussed that how GMOs are regulated and used in the human food supply. In
addition, some questions that may arise in this relation have also thoroughly been discussed
in the article.
Introduction
The paper is focussed to discuss about GMO which is Genetically Modified
Organisms that are produced in a specific process of transferring organisms. In this process,
selected individual genes are basically transferred from the donor organism to the target
organism. In this way, the desired properties are transferred to the new organism. It is
possible to include plants, animals as well as enzymes in the GMO. For the purpose of
commercial production and consumption, some regulatory agencies approve GMO. United
States Department of Agriculture have presented a report in relation to GMO which states the
fact that by the year 2012, 94% of cotton, 93% of soybeans, and 88% of corn grow in the
United States is genetically modified. GMO has become a part of life as it is entering into
society through agriculture and human society is benefited in many ways. In terms of raising

agricultural productivity and reducing the requirement of pesticides which is harmful for
environment, GMO plays a major role. However, several questions might arise regarding the
safety issue of environment and ecology system with the over usage of GMO and that
includes ethical as well as legal issue too. The research journal article clearly provides a brief
introduction about the topic along with its advantages over human society. At the same time,
the author of the journal article also raises questions regarding the ethical, legal and other
safety issues with the excessive use of GMO in the environment or the ecology system. The
main objective of the research journal is to find the effectiveness of GMO in the society and
its impact on the society.
Methodology
In the research article data has been collected from various sources as well as
literatures and hence, as the research methodology, literature search has been considered by
the author. Various online sources and books as well journals have been reviewed before
executing the research article. It followed a step-by-step procedure to execute the paper. At
the initial stage it gathered data and provided a brief introduction about the topic GMO. After
that it illustrated some clear examples of crops that have been modified with the use of GMO
technique. It also discussed how GMO modified certain things. Apart from that, the
methodology has been used to clearly identify the stakeholders associated is associated with
the process of GMO. In order to find the role of some government agencies of United States
that regulate GMO the article did a thorough research. It also helped in recognising some
common foods that contain GMOs along with its producing countries across the world. The
paper reached in the conclusion raising some questions for further analysis in future. The
following schematic diagram illustrates the whole methodology of the research journal
article.
Search
online
Scholarly
article
Journals
Other
online
sources
Data
collection

Discussion
Research from various literatures and other sources as per the methodology produced
the result. As a result, various uses of GMO method has been discussed in the paper
thoroughly with examples. The genome of Bt corn has been modified and it can produce
poison for the insects that damages the corn crops and thus it acts as a pest resistant. GMO is
also used as virus resistance as in GM papaya which was developed at the Hawaii University
and it acts as a virus resistance just like the same way in which human influenza is resisted
with virus vaccination. In RoundupReady Soybean, GMO process is used as herbicide
tolerance. I golden rice, this process is engineered for the fortification purpose. Again, in
arctic apple it is used for cosmic preservation. This method is also used in AquAdvantage
salmon to increase the growth rate. The stakeholders, related to the GMO process include
local communities, global community, sovereign tribal nations, municipalities, biotechnology
firms, industry, politicians, non-governmental organizations, far workers and others from
multiple sectors and areas. Again, some non-human entities, such as environment and other
resources are also associated as stakeholder in the GMO process. There are various
government agencies that regulate GMo in the United States. A coordinator framework is
there that delegates the regulatory responsibilities to three different agencies and they are the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA),
and the Food and Drug administration (FDA). The function of all these three agencies is
different and they look after different areas. The function of FDA is to evaluate the food
safety from the standpoint of the human consumption and again, USDA looks after all the
regulations of GMO which are related to the agricultural industry. The role of EPA is to
regulate all the environmental risks that can come out as a result of genetically engineered
crops. It is important to look after the environment for the benefit of the mankind as well as
the animals living the ecosystem. Each of the agencies works and interprets their existing
regulatory authority to look after the complexity of using the technology in the agriculture for
the benefit of human society. The article discussed the function of the agencies and also it
provided examples of some foods containing GMO and they include Alpo dry pet food, Ball
Park Franks, Ultra Slim fast, Heinz 2 baby Cereal, Bravos Tortilla Chips, Duncan Hines Cake
Mix, Morning Start Farms Better’n Burgers and many more. In the article, it has been clearly
indicated that USA is the largest producer of GMOs across the world and various other
countries are there that produces GMO which includes Brazil, Argentina, India, Canada,
China, Paraguay, South Africa, Uruguay and Bolivia sequentially.