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Impacts of Climate Change on Australian Cities

   

Added on  2020-02-18

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Sustainability and Climate Change 1Principles of Sustainability and Climate Change
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Sustainability and Climate Change 2ContentsIntroduction.................................................................................................................................................3Sustainability and Climate Changes in the Australian cities (Melbourne, Sydney, and Brisbane)...............3Table for Comparison of Climate Changes in Melbourne, Brisbane, and Sydney cities..........................6Impacts of Climate Changes on Home City, Melbourne.........................................................................9Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................13References.................................................................................................................................................14Appendices-...............................................................................................................................................16Appendix 1- Melbourne Climate Conditions..........................................................................................16Appendix 2- Climate Changes in Brisbane.............................................................................................17Appendix 3- Climate Changes in Sydney................................................................................................18
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Sustainability and Climate Change 3IntroductionThe purpose of this report is to develop the Climate Change Risk Assessment or Adaptation Planby analyzing the climate changes in the capital cities in the Australian country that will assist in the climate change projections in the further or referencing years (Year 2030, 2050, and 2100). This will also analyze the impact of the climate changes, such as socio-cultural risks, change in sea level, temperature, rainfall, atmosphere, humidity, wind, and precipitation on the food supplies, water supply, public utilities, refugee movements, mitigate activities, human lives and sustainability for the further consideration in the development pan. For this report, the climate conditions in three Australian cities, Melbourne, Sydney, and Brisbane will be compared with each other (Brown and Siri, 2012). Sustainability and Climate Changes in the Australian cities (Melbourne, Sydney, and Brisbane) Melbourne is the second largest Australian city and capital state of Victoria with 4.4 million population base. Melbourne city has a temperate oceanic climate with changeable weather conditions due to the distant geographic location in Melbourne City. The differential climate conditions is pronounced in the spring, summer months and may cause for the cold fronts responsible different weather conditions, such as heavy rain, minor temperature drops, gales, thunderstorms, and hails. Melbourne experiences warm hot summers with little humidity in the summer season, spring and autumn seasons are mild and balmy, and winter cools as well as thunderstorms and rainfalls at the end of hot summer falls (Introgovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007).
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Sustainability and Climate Change 4Melbourne accounts for the average temperature between 14.0°C - 25.3°C (30°C may be top or the highest temperature), dry days and occasional hot spells in summer season (December-February). In the Autumn season (March-May), the average temperature ranges from 10.9°C– 20.3°C, fine sunny days and possibility of the extended periods of light winds. In the Winter season (June-August) the average temperature is ranged from 6.5°C - 14.2°C with some snow falls in the North-East region of Victoria and cold and cloudy weather with cold fronts in nights, and low possibility of heavy rain in this time period. The Spring season (September- November) accounts for average temperature 9.6°C- 19.6°C, as this may be the most variable season of the year with calm and sunny days to rain fall, cold and winds. Melbourne accounts for only 50% or less of the average rainfall of either Sydney or Brisbane (Miller and Spoolman, 2011). The average annual rainfall in Melbourne is around 864 mm that is less from Sydney (1220mm) and Brisbane cities (1018mm). In Melbourne, January and February are the hottest months, June and July the coldest months, and October the wettest month year with heavy rain falls this month. While, in contrary to this, Sydney is the largest Australian capital city located in New South Wales State with 4.8 million population base. Sydney is one of the greatest tourism destinations in the world due to its moderate climate, average rainfall, and bright blue and sunny skies. Sydney enjoys a temperate, abundant sunshine, humid climate and pleasant weather conditions as the sunshine is well spread throughout the year. The climate of Sydney includes hot summers with humidity, mild winters, and driest spring days. In Sydney, the average annual temperature ranges from 18.6°C -25.8°C during the summer season (December to February) with 65% average humidity, in Autumn season (March-May) 14.6-22.2°C, in winter (June-August), 8.8-
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