Analyzing Tourism Development and Management

The provided document is a compilation of research papers and articles on tourism development and management. It covers topics such as destination competitiveness, public-private partnerships, and sustainable tourism. The authors discuss the importance of these factors in the success of tourism destinations and provide examples from different countries. The document also touches on the role of government and private sector collaboration in promoting sustainable tourism practices.

SUSTAINABLE
TOURSIM

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 .........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Stakeholders can benefit from planning of tourism developments. ................................1
1.2 Advantage and Disadvantages of public/ private sector tourism planning. ....................2
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................3
2.1 The features of tourism development planning at different levels. .................................3
2.2 The significance of interactive planning system and processes in tourism development. 4
2.3 Different methods which are helpful in measure tourist impact. ....................................5
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Concept of sustainability in development of tourism sector. ..........................................5
3.2 Factors prevent hinder sustainable tourism development................................................6
3.3 Various stages in planning for sustainability. ..................................................................9
TASK 4 ........................................................................................................................................10
4.1 The methods of resolving a conflict of interest to ensure the future well-being of a
developing tourism destination.............................................................................................10
4.2 The implications of balancing supply and demand........................................................10
4.3 The moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism. ..........................................................11
TASK 5 .........................................................................................................................................11
5.1 Issues that are associated with tourism development.....................................................11
5.2 Future development of tourism sector. ..........................................................................12
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
In today's modern travel and tourism plays most effective role at market place. Each
individual willing to create some memories through travel various places as per their own
interest. Tourism is wide concept which can described as travel for pleasure or business. Each
individual who are belongs to travel and tourism sector, focused on gaining more attention of
customers who are spending a huge amount in visiting places for fun or any other purpose
(Aldebert, Dang and Longhi, 2011). The basic aim of each business organisation is to gain more
profit and revenue through providing high quality products and services to their potential buyers.
Tourism is an essential sector for the Philippine economy. Philippine tourism development team
is mainly focused on providing proper and appropriate information to their visitors in order to
effectively manage the environmental condition. In Philippine tourism is the most effective
element in developing economic condition of country. Tourism holds the promise to enhanced
income opportunities and employment in country. This is essential for a country to reach at
higher position and attain competitive advantage.
TASK 1
1.1 Stakeholders can benefit from planning of tourism developments.
Stakeholder are the most essential part of any business organisation. They can be
considered as the important element who are contributing their best in developing organisational
performance at market place. Stakeholder are responsible for all activity that are held at work
place. Stakeholders from the tourism enhancement in Philippines involves suppliers, investor,
supporting authorities, employees, government, local authority and various customers.
Stakeholders contributing their best in development of tourism in Philippine because it is the
effective source of gaining economic growth. Enhancement in tourism sector provide various
benefits and profit to stakeholders who are effectively contributing their best through providing
direct or indirect support (Ashworth and Page, 2011). Philippine tourism development team
involve stakeholders in order to gaining some sustainable profit, in which some are described as
under:
Competitive advantage: It is required for each business organisation to manage their resources
in proper manner so that sustainable profit can be achieved. Philippine country is mainly focused
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on effective utilise their available resources in order to reaching at competitive advantage for
providing high competition to their competitors.
Economic development: This is a key element in each county who are focused on enhancing
their economic condition through applying various tools and techniques of development. A vast
development in tourism sector helps in providing better employment and job opportunities for
their local people who are facing the issue of unemployment (Waligo, Clarke and Hawkins,
2013).
Resources: These can be considered as the major assets of firm and plays most effective role in
improving performance of employees who are contributing their best at work place forb gaining
more profit and job appraisals. In the process of development assets and various assets helps in
accomplishing goals and provide support to marketing activities.
Community: Enhancement in travel and tourism providing surety to improvement in social
culture and economy in community which is focused on developing the quality of products and
services.
1.2 Advantage and Disadvantages of public/ private sector tourism planning.
Philippine is a well reputed country, which is famous for its tourism and heritage culture.
This country is mainly focused on providing high quality services to visitors in order to sustain
them for long time, this helps in enhancing their economic position at market place. They are
having very high value in their heritage culture but, there is a special need to develop tourism
industry in respect of gaining high competitive advantage (Bennett and et. al., 2012). In the
enhancement of tourism both public and private partnership plays most effective role in
improving culture of heritage and various destination with more coordination. Some major
advantages and disadvantages of partnership in public and private sectors are described as
under:
Advantages  The major advantage of partnership is that both private and local
government can combine their business activities and power in
order to gaining sustainable profit and growth which has a positive
impact on countries economic condition.
 Through effective emergence of local and private government issues
and obstacles that are related with legal community integration,
economic condition, lack of capital can be resolved in effective
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manner.
 The implementation of strategies can be done through a proper
discussion of both public as well as private sectors.
 Government authorities provide support and has a huge control on
each activity that are conducted for developing economic condition.
 With the help of effective coordination risk can be managed in
appropriate manner.
Disadvantages  The major disadvantage of partnership is that it negatively impacted
on decision making that are related with growth and success of any
country or firm.
 Adoption of changes in private sector is very much hard as
compared to public sector and this occurs issue in gaining
competitive advantage.
 The division of roles and responsibilities is very much tedious in
nature. This may effect on sustainable growth of local community.
TASK 2
2.1 The features of tourism development planning at different levels.
Tourism is one of the most important weapon for any country. In the case study also,
emphasis is given on raising profile of Philippine tourism industry. Filipinos usually live in
coastal and rural areas thus, the development of tourism surely bring economic, social and
environmental opportunity and a better livelihood for citizens of the country (Bramwell, 2011).
Every development process of a country will start with proper planning by the government. A
tourism is a desired planned option to be expanded in a planned way. The features of tourism
development industry at different levels are as follows-
International level
Organisation such as WTO, UNESCO, tourism Council usually provide guidelines and is mainly
responsible for tourism development around the globe. It coordinates with member country to
promote tourism and generate income opportunity for member country.
National Level
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The country's Govt. focuses on planning tourism based on their tourism policy, investment
planning , tourism promotional programs and thus try to raise profile of tourism industry.
Regional level
Regional level is taken care by region, state or perhaps an island group and policy is frame in
accordance with the national level.
Subregional level
The subregional level also need to work close to regional and national level. Subregional level
strategy always depend on the attraction of the particular destination and protection can be
considered at the same time.
2.2 The significance of interactive planning system and processes in tourism development.
The interactive planning focuses on the future by making plans for the present. It includes
reactive, proactive planning. Interactive planning follow the strategy of working for the present
and get the rewards in future. It is one of the continuous process as supportive plans are need
with the main plan to get the desired outcome in the form of raising tourism level (Brinkerhoff
and Brinkerhoff, 2011). The country like Philippine have to surely adopt interactive planning
system as the tourist will definitely feel secure and might spread good thought about the country.
Need of interactive planning in Philippine is as follows-
 It will always consider the safety level of tourist, so that their journey will be safe.
 Such type of planning segment the market and target a particular one for the
development.
 It will always plan for the development of tourists and also seek their needs.
 It look to provide different products and services and thus, help the manufacturing
industry to grow.
 Other facilities are also planned accordingly.
Since interactive planning plays an integral part in the overall development of the country
so, country like Philippine should follow such strategy to help their tourism industry grow and
livelihood being easily available to the rural areas. Thus, helps in overall development of a
nation.
2.3 Different methods which are helpful in measure tourist impact.
There are various measure available to seek tourist impact which are described as under-
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1. Economic measures-
Tourism is a major industry for developing economies. It is one of the measure available to seek
impact on the economic activities of the country. The country always try to develop its tourism
industry, which will bring economic prestige for the country in the form of income and
employment (Crouch, 2011). Tourist always contribute to the GDP of a nation directly and
indirectly. It make livelihood easier available for the rural areas and thus help in overall
development of the country.
2. Social measures- Tourism industry always give an opportunity for tourist to know our
culture and religion better and thus, spread a positive thought about the same. In addition,
it interaction between locals and tourists also generate new motivation for social and
economic progress.
3. Environmental measure- If tourist industry grow, the Govt. will definitely protect natural
beauty of a nation. Spending money on EIA i.e. Environmental impact assessment will
surely measure environmental effect and reduce the possibility of risk and ecological
imbalances, while also provide compensation for natural damages. Thus, Nation will be
healthy and wealthy.
Thus, tourism development should be a part of economic development and must be done in a
sustainable manner.
TASK 3
3.1 Concept of sustainability in development of tourism sector.
Sustainable development can be described as an organizing principle that helps to
meeting humans development goals. Sustainable tourism development assist and manage
practices that are applicable to all form of tourism in various type of destinations. Involves mass
tourism and different niche tourism segments (Devine and Devine, 2011). This takes place in all
past, present and future environmental, economic and social impact on tourism through evaluate
and measure different requirements, needs and trends of tourism industry. Philippine is the most
popular country in travel and tourism sector who contribute their best in development of tourist
culture in order to developing various job opportunities for local people who are willing to work
in tourism sector. Through the context of growth in Philippine with emergence of tourism
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industry can be measured by various market research. With the help of marketing research it
predicts that economic growth of country will reach at 7.5 percent at the end of 2017, which is
high as compared to the past research. The economic growth of company reaches near to 227.63
billion, which has impact on generating high growth in international tourism at the country of
Philippine. This shows that the country is on profitable condition and there is a huge opportunity
for growth in Philippine through providing various job vacancies to the local people. Sustainable
tourism helps in generating long time opportunities for tourist sectors who are contributing their
best in economic growth of country. This also helps in gaining competitive advantage.
 This helps in providing long term sustainability in tourist sector, some are described as
under:
 With the help of proper utilisation of resources, ecological balance can be maintained in
proper manner.
 It helps in reducing wastage and create culture awareness among population.
 It also provide various benefits to the stakeholders through rendering equal opportunities
in the sector of employment and also give social services.
3.2 Factors prevent hinder sustainable tourism development.
Sustainable tourism development describes environmental, social and economic
component that helps in saving the additional cost of firm. Capital is an essential term in each
business organisation which may impacted on overall position of firm. In order to develop their
position are market place organisation needs to provide variety of goods and services which have
value for customers (Gretzel, 2011). This helps in gaining high profit and market share. Through
effective development of country tourism sector helps in providing various job opportunities and
benefits to stakeholders who are contributing their best in enhancing productivity. Development
of tourism sector in Philippine give rise to various environmental factors which create issue and
conflict between the local communities. There are various other points that also required for
sustaining growth , it also helps in misusing the resources through tourism sector some are
described as under:
Environmental factors: This factor is most essential factor for the tourist who are going to visit
the particular place. In order to large mobilisation of the tourist coming form abroad it impact
environment at large extent. Due to this there is change of increase in the level of pollution
which are related to the water and air pollution.
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Water pollution is created by the different customer coming from abroad there are different
types of water lakes and ponds and many others in order to attract large number of customer.
This led to maximum mobilisation of the foreign visitors they used these water for their
amusement and this led to pollute the water at large extent
(Hinch and Higham, 2011). Another factor which affect the environment at large extent. The
visitor use to gather at one particular tourist sites which leads to gathering of large number of
foreign visitors, due to there is maximum mobilisation of vehicles. It leads to create air
population at large extent.
Social factors: In recent five years the population of the particular nation is increase due to this
there is also increment in the number of visitors. So it leads to overcrowd at the particular nation
which leads to increment in various types of conflicts with the travellers due to misunderstanding
of the concepts. As population increases the number of people used to go for foreign trip this
leads maximum mobilisation of the tourist takes place.
Economic factor: This factor is most essential factors which is related to the financial condition
of the particular nation. The economic condition of the rich country is very efficient which helps
to expand the tourism business at large extent which helps to generate large number of revenues
of the organisation. The economic condition of poor country are not very good. These country do
not able to create large number of tourist spot due to lack of capital and foreign tourist do not
give keen interest to the visit that particular place. The particular nation put their effort in order
to attract large number of foreign visitor to visit the particular spot. It creates leakages which
leads which reveals about improper distribution of funds within the organisation. The
organisation give job opportunity to the different people living in the society.
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(Source: Population rate in Philippine, 2018)
As per the description of the above mentioned graph it has been identified that the
population rate of Philippine is increases at regular basis. In the year of 2016 the total population
of the Philippines was at around 104.18 million inhabitants. This rate is increases at regular basis
as in the year of 2017 he growth rate was 106.27 which is high as compared to the data of
previous year. In future the growth rate will also increases.
Education, Health and Local Economy: Education is consist to be the primary need of
individual as it is essential for each people to be focused towards their study in order to attaining
high growth in career. Tourism is effective for education or health purpose as some people are
visit various places as to gaining more knowledge and skills and some are visiting just for
gaining more appropriate and suitable treatments as to developing their health condition
(Kylänen and Rusko, 2011. Tourism also effective in enhancing local economy through
providing various job opportunities to the local people. These are consist as the most essential
factor which has a huge impact on the tourism sector.
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Illustration 1: Population rate in Philippine

3.3 Various stages in planning for sustainability.
Sustainable tourism can be considered as the wide term which helps in gaining high
growth and profit for country. Tourism sector is mainly focused on establishing relationship
among the factors that has a huge impact on enhancing the economic condition of country such
as social, economical and ecological. Various stages are involved in the process of sustainability
of tourism sector in Philippine, some are described as under: Stage 1: This is the fundamental stage which plays an effective role in the process of
sustainability, this helps in describing majors aims of sustainability within a desired time
frame work. In this section short term as well as long term goals are identified in order to
manage whole work to gaining competitive advantage. Stage 2: This is second and also an effective term in sustainability of tourism sector. In
this sector identification of various stakeholders are done in order to accomplishing basic
needs and wants of tourism sector. Local authorities, consumers, government and tour
operators are the major stakeholder of tourist sector in Philippine. Stage 3: This section is based on the destinations that are very much impactful in gaining
attention of large number of visitors and customers. The major motive of tourist firm is to
satisfying various needs and wants of customers. Stage 4: Issues and problems are uncertain in nature and it is required for each firm to
make proper arrangement for resolving issues and problems that are affected overall
performance of firm. In this issues are addressed (Mariani and Kylänen, 2014). Stage 5: In this a proper research helps in analysing the available issues. An effective
decision has to be made in order to resolve the issue for effectively implementation of
work.
 Stage 6: In order to gaining sustainable development some effective ideas has to be
generated. Guidelines are provided in respect of fulfilling the needs and wants of stake
holders.
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TASK 4
4.1 The methods of resolving a conflict of interest to ensure the future well-being of a
developing tourism destination
Issues and conflicts are uncertain and unwanted in nature but it has a huge impact on
organisational performance and well-being of society. In tourism sector conflicts are arises due
to different interest of stakeholders (Morrison, 2013). Each business firm is focused on resolving
the issues and conflicts in order to managing their work and competitive advantage at market
place. Some effective methods which helps in resolving the conflicts are described as under:
Sorting and compromising: This can be considered as the fundamental method of resolving any
kind of issue and conflict which may arises at work place. It is necessary for all the parties who
are involved in the issue to take an effective participation in the process of discussion which is
required for solving the problem in effective manner. The major advantage of this method is that
it generate an effective win win situation for all the parties who are involved in the problem. The
major complexity arises due to duration of time which are related with negotiation. In this
situation all the parties are not ready to sacrifice their interest.
Mediation: In this method Both the parties who are involved in problem needs to take an active
part in finding out the best and possible solution. Due to some adverse situation it is hard for
mediator to find all possible evidence to resolve the problem.
4.2 The implications of balancing supply and demand.
In tourism sector it is important for each business to maintain their supply and demand
for effective utilisation of resources in order to reach at higher position at market place. Demand
and supply plays most effective role in satisfying the actual needs and wants of customers who
are very much interested to taking benefits of offered products and services of firm. In Philippine
the demand of internation visitors in tourism sector has been decreased over 20 percent. Large
number of tourist are attracted towards Philippine just for taking advantage of heritage culture
and various popular destinations (Robinson and et. al., 2011). Visitors from various countries
such as USA, Japan, Korea are mainly attracted towards the tourism facilities of Philippine. The
expenditure amount in tourism industry is near to 102.88 Million in Korea, 42.1 million in USA
and 42.8 in Japan. This shows an increment in number of visitors from the different geographical
area which are belongs to Asian countries. This industry contribute more than 10 percent in
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countries GDP. Philippine has the potential to grow in their tourism sector as the country covered
7000 beautiful islands which are more attractive. It is important for tourist operators to identify
the basic needs and wants of customers in order to managing demand and supply through
fulfilling the needs of potential buyers. The strategy of national tourism in Philippine is
considered as the major element in maintaining demand and supply in tourism environment.
4.3 The moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism.
Enclave tourism is considered as a tourism destinations where various tourist activities
are planned and managed in a small geographical area, in respect of providing various facilities
to the tourists for experience their whole trip with more interest without having to go visit far
from ant specific area of the host country (Saraniemi and Kylänen, 2011). These type of
activities are helpful in satisfying the needs and wants of customers in order to establishing
sustainability among customers and visitors. These kind of activities are mainly performed by
government or its authority.
Moral or ethical issues are described as under:
 In this local people are not able to taking any kind of benefits from the tourism sector
because mostly tourists or visitors are restricted to buy goods and services from the
specific cruise.
 Prostitution and violence can be increased due to enhancement in number of visitors.
 Different kind of issues arises that are related with physical and mental condition of
tourist and visitors.
 Various environmental issues occurs such as noise pollution, water pollution, air
pollution and many other social conflicts also arises.
TASK 5
5.1 Issues that are associated with tourism development.
Thailand is the most developing country in travel and tourism who contributes a huge
amount in economic development of country. Tourism sector is most effective in establishing
sustainability in profit and growth of country (Sharpley and Telfer, 2014). There are so many
issues arises which has a huge impact on deployment of tourism sector in county, some are
described as under:
Impact Philippine Thailand
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Socio culture Huge growth in tourism sector has a
negative impact on cultural values
and norms of country. With the
involvement of different culture of
tourism various issues are arises such
as prostitution and child labour in
order to stratifying their inappropriate
needs and wants.
Through this society and culture may
affected due to change arises in society
and its norms. Crime and gambling
will also increased.
Environmental This is a major factor which may
directly impacted on countries
economic position. Decreased rate of
soil erosion has negatively impacted
on position of tourism sector. Also
impacted through enhancement in
air, water and noise pollution.
Through increased number of tourist,
the major issue arises in Thailand is
pollution which has impact on health
and care of local people (Spenceley
and Meyer, 2012).
5.2 Future development of tourism sector.
Development in Tourism sector
(Source: Destination in Philippine, 2017)
Each tourist industry and country is focused on developing their tourism sector in order to
fulfilling the basic needs and wants of visitors. Plan of sustainable tourism development can be
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Illustration 2: Destination in Philippine

considered as a valuable method of reducing negative impact on society, culture and
environment in Thailand and Philippine.
In order to improving the development both the countries take some actions that are very much
effective in enhancing sustainability in growth and profit in tourism sector, some necessary
actions are described as under:
 Tourism industry needs to focused on providing most comfortable and good transport
facilities to their potential clients.
 Accommodation and food facilities are also provided by the industry in order to
satisfying the basic needs and wants of customers.
 Insure their customers about safety and security that are related with health and socual
care.
 Provide fast and innovative services to their potential byers in terms of money and
generating satisfaction.
 Company needs to hire people who are having significant knowledge about some
languages in order to resolving the issues of international clients.
 The government authorities take some proper action against pocket criminals and crime
in order to providing safety environment to the visitors.
CONCLUSION
As per the above report it has been concluded that travel and tourism sectors plays most
effective role in developing economic condition of firm through sustaining visitors for long time.
The major purpose of each tourism industry is to gaining attention of large number of customers
who are willing to visit various places as per their interest and knowledge. Tourism sector has
some negative as well as positive impact on countries economical, social and environmental
position. Various countries are putting their significant efforts for improving tourism culture in
order to attaining high competitive advantage at market place. This is a best way to gain huge
amount of profit and revenue.
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REFERENCES
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paradoxes. Tourism Management. 32(1). pp.1-15.
Bennett, and et. al., 2012. A capital assets framework for appraising and building capacity for
tourism development in aboriginal protected area gateway communities. Tourism
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Bramwell, B., 2011. Governance, the state and sustainable tourism: A political economy
approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 19(4-5). pp.459-477.
Brinkerhoff, D. W. and Brinkerhoff, J. M., 2011. Public–private partnerships: Perspectives on
purposes, publicness, and good governance. Public Administration and Development.
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Crouch, G. I., 2011. Destination competitiveness: An analysis of determinant attributes. Journal
of travel research. 50(1). pp.27-45.
Devine, A. and Devine, F., 2011. Planning and developing tourism within a public sector
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Mariani, M. M. and Kylänen, M., 2014. The relevance of public-private partnerships in
coopetition: Empirical evidence from the tourism sector. International Journal of
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Morrison, A. M., 2013. Marketing and managing tourism destinations. Routledge.
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