Impact of Fat Diet in Prevention of Diabetes

Running head: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Fat diet in prevention of diabetes
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1SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is commonly manifested by a sudden increase in
the level of glucose in bloodstream due to deficiency of insulin hormone. The high prevalence
rate of this disorder makes it necessary to identify and implement novel non-pharmacological
interventions that will help in effective prevention and management of the condition. The
systematic review comprises of ten articles that determined the impact of fat diet in diabetes
prevention. Although there were some discrepancies in the results, it was found that making
patients adhere to a plant-based diet, or one that contains high unsaturated fats and low
carbohydrate content will prove effective in glycaemic control.

2SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Rationale......................................................................................................................................3
Objectives....................................................................................................................................3
Methodology....................................................................................................................................4
Search strategy.............................................................................................................................4
Information sources.....................................................................................................................4
Eligibility criteria.........................................................................................................................5
Results..............................................................................................................................................5
Study selection.............................................................................................................................5
Study characteristics....................................................................................................................5
Quality of evidence......................................................................................................................7
Discussion........................................................................................................................................8
Summary of evidence..................................................................................................................8
Limitations.................................................................................................................................11
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................12
References......................................................................................................................................13

3SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Introduction
Rationale
Diabetes mellitus belongs to a group of metabolic disorders that are characterized by
increased level of blood glucose over a prolonged time. When left untreated the disorder results
in several health complications such as ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar state, cardiovascular disease,
renal disease, foot ulcer, eye disease or even death (American Diabetes Association 2017). The
three major types of diabetes include type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. According to
reports published by the World Health Organization the number of people affected with diabetes
increased to 422 million (2014) from 108 million (1980). The global prevalence of the condition
among adults has also increased by as much as 8.5%. The prevalence has been found more in
low and middle-income countries, and in the year 2016 there were roughly 1.6 million deaths
that were directly attributable to this metabolic disorder (WHO 2018). Regular physical
activities, healthy diet, maintenance of a normal body weight, and abstaining from tobacco have
been identified as ways that are effective in preventing or dealing the onset of diabetes
(Hankonen et al. 2014). Consumption of food that contains less amount of carbohydrate and high
proportion of fat has gained attention in recent years (Ley et al. 2014). These diets typically
comprise of high fibre and nutrient dense sources such as, berries, seeds, vegetables, and nuts,
and have proved effective in lowering the blood glucose levels.
Objectives
This systematic review aims to explore the impact of fat diet in prevention of diabetes
mellitus. The PICO framework was used for establishment of the Research question that is given
below: