Information Systems and Big Data Analysis

This report discusses the different aspects and areas related to the data analysis practice, theories, methods and techniques related to the design and development of various IT solutions, different information technology systems, the effect of IT on globalisation, one digital infrastructure example, and risk of information system outsourcing.

SYSTEMS AND BIG DATA
ANALYSIS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................4
Theories, techniques and methods associated with design and development of information
solutions......................................................................................................................................4
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................5
Systems.......................................................................................................................................5
Task 3...............................................................................................................................................7
Effect of IT on globalisation.......................................................................................................7
Task 4...............................................................................................................................................8
Digital infrastructure...................................................................................................................8
Task 5...............................................................................................................................................9
Risk of information system outsourcing.....................................................................................9
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Data analysis is a practice defined as analysing and interpreting the information collected
in order to reach at defined objective. This report will discuss the different aspects and areas
related to the data analysis practice. Henceforth, report will emphasis over theories, methods and
techniques related to the design and development of various IT solutions. Description will also
be given regarding different information technology systems. Furthermore, precise information
about globalisation will be presented and also the impact of information technology over
globalisation will also discuss in this project. Example regarding one digital infrastructure will
also present in this project. Risk belong to the information system outsourcing will also present
in this study.
Task 1
Theories, techniques and methods associated with design and development of information
solutions
IT solutions are the one designed for addressing various information technology related
issues. These are the solutions that can be used to address certain technical issue or glitch.
Various software that are very popular in the users that involve MS Office and Moodle.
Moodle
Development theory is used to construct the Moodle application. This is an information
technology tool comprises with various features such as open source, accessibility for all,
security and privacy, flexible learning, mobile learning and easy integration. All these are the
various element associated with the information technology tool to support the need and
requirements of the target customers in the market. The development theory focuses over the
specific requirements of the customers that could motivate the developer tpo establish such a
tool. This is the modern technology support the need and demand oif the targte customers in the
market (Hirschheim, Heinzl and Dibbern, 2020). Various features associated with this tool such
as modern and easy use interface, personalised dashboard, collaborative tool and activities, all in
one calender, convenient file management, simple and intuitive text editor, notifications and
track progress. The use of development theory has been consume over each development stage
of the Moodle software. Scientific theory of development is also consumed to develop the
respective tool and systems. This theory could support the developers to overlook areas such as

constructs the proposition that collectively present the logical, systematic and other such
elements or factors. The role of this theory is such that it could support the developers to keep a
proper space for all aspects and elements of the Moodle to keep it more effective to use.
MS Office
MS Office is a comprehensive tool that is used to develop and design the best level of use
of the users. This is designed to mitigate the need and demand of professionals. The MS Office is
a master tool comprises with Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Power point, one note, outlook,
Microsoft publisher, access and Skype for business. All these are the various tools that are inbuilt
with the Microsoft Office. Development theory is used in order to design the MS Office
(Ibrahim, 2018). This theory focuses on constantly developing and upgrading the MS Office.
The scientific management theory is also consumed for developing the MS Office as a tool. This
supported the developers to deisgn the entire tool in such way that various individual software
can be constructed in one single tool.
The above stated theories and techniques are associated with the development of the MS
Office and Doodle. Both the tools are very professional in nature and contain a heavy use of
corporate projects. Both the software are very efficient and heavily useful for the corporate
houses and the different business entities.
Task 2
Systems
Information technology is designed with the support of different systems and software.
All these systems allow and support the professional to ensure mitigation of all different needs
and requirements associated with the information technology. The overall use of all these
systems are different from each other and allowed the professional to execute the best level of
utilisation against installation of all these various tools and techniques.
Decision Support System (DSS)
Decision support system is a computerized program that is use to support determinations,
judgements and courses of actions in respect to the business organisation. The use of DSS is such
that it allowable massive amount of data and information top construct and frame the best level
of information for taking out the best suitable or effective decision-making in organisation. The
basic aim of the decision support system is to address different problems and issues related to the

business venture (Rugman, 2019). This whole system is comprises with different components
such as data management, model management, knowledge management and user interface
management. Decision support systems include communication driven DSS, Data driven DSS,
Document driven DSS, Knowledge driven DSS and Model driven DSS. For example GPS route
planning, descriptive analytics, Hybrid DSS solution and such like tools.
Executive support system (ECS)
Executive support system is a computer based system provide the top management of the
organisation a capability to attain easy access of internal and external information relevant for
strategic decision making in the company. The role of this system is to deliver the most suitable
information for taking the best level of managerial decisions in the organisation. The major use
of the executive support system for this professionals that are involved in billing, accounting and
staffing departments. The information is easily accessible in this structure that support the
professional to achieve the overall objectives of the business. Examples of Executive support
systems are External database, technology reports, technical report and such like tools.
Transaction Processing System (TCS)
Transaction processing system is an information processing system use for the business
transactions that involve collection, modification and retrieval of all transactions related to the
data. Performance, reliability and consistency are the core feature associated with transaction
processing system. Transaction system are off two different types one is using batches and the
other one is in real time. Under the batch processing system transactions are accumulated over a
period and further process as a single unit or batch. Processing are further segregated into
different types that include tech processing, real time processing, transaction processing,
performance, continuous availability, data integrity, ease of use and modular growth (Swathi and
et.al., 2021). All these are the various types and categories of the transaction processing system
adopted in the organisations. There are various examples available for the transaction processing
system that include sales order entry, hotel reservation system, payroll, employee record keeping
and such like are the core examples associated with the transaction processing system.
Management information system (MIS)
Management information system is a study related to the people, technology,
organisation and the relationship among the respective elements. The key role these systems play
is to allocate the basic information regarding the maximum benefits entertain against the

investment is made in personnel, equipment and business processes. This is a people oriented or
based technology that highly support the top management of the company to make important
decision by evaluating the possible outcomes addressed against delivering business operations.
Examples of management information system are process control system, human resource
management system, inventory control system, office automation system, accounting and finance
system and management reporting system. All these are the different types of management
information system which precisely support the top-level of business management and
designates to make strong decisions in business.
Knowledge Management System (KMS)
Knowledge management system is a tool used under information technology that store
and retrieve knowledge to improve the understanding, collaboration and process alignment. All
these are the various areas associated with the knowledge management system which support the
top management to grab the best level of understanding over the respective topic. The knowledge
management systems are of various types such as enterprise wide knowledge management
system, knowledge work system and intelligent technique (Ummesalma, Subbaiah and
Narasegouda, 2020). Examples of the knowledge management systems are organisation or
department wide knowledge management system, research and insight libraries, customer service
knowledge base, learning management system and online community forum.
The above stated various systems are highly commercialised in context to the different
information technology tools. The demand of all these systems and tools are high in the
respective target market due to the features and accessibility of all such systems towards
enhancement of growth of the organisation.
Task 3
Effect of IT on globalisation
Globalisation is defined as a practice or process involve interaction and integration in
between people, companies and government. In context to the corporate spectrum globalisation
is highly involve interaction between two or more companies to achieve the mutual objective.
The role globalisation play is to construct the strategic alliances in between the business entities
so that final business objectives designed by both the ventures can meet. The current situation of
business environment motivate to all types of business house to process or follow the practice of

globalisation in order to enhance the overall growth and development of the business venture.
Globalisation play a major role in transferring the technology or sharing the process or
techniques with other organisation involve in mutual alliance with the organisation (York, 2018).
Role globalisation played is under to enhance the overall strategic capability of the business
house to achieve business objectives and goals. Along with that globalisation is further engaged
in improving the quality of services and products offer by the business venture. Due to this
concept of business environment overall scale of companies for delivering business operations
has improved at all different level. Today it becomes easier for small companies or ventures to
grow and transform the business scale with the support of strategic alliance and partnership with
other entities.
Information technology become the new way to deliver all business operations. The
development of information technology reduced the gap between the demand of customers and
the overall supply for the respective product to meet the identified need or demand. The
advancement of the information technology supported the globalisation to make export and
import trait more convenient and easy. As the technology made it easy for the entities to
approach customers to buy the products or services offer by the entities in order to make the
buying decisions. Information technology allowed companies that follow the practice of
globalisation to interact with potential customers in market. This also supported to understand
the need of consumers in respective target market, develop the products based on the choices and
preferences of the potential customers in the market and to further supply the products in such a
way that all demand of the target customers can meet (Yung and Bray, 2021). As the technology
could improve the efficiency the process of exchange the idea and product become faster. Role
information played is also to reduce the cost of delivering the product at the door step of the final
customers. As globalised companies get to restrict the intermediators to deal; with the final
customers on behalf of the organisation which could cut down the overall sale price of the final
product. Information technology has become the backbone of the globalization and its success
even in the undeveloped area or geographical location. Customer dealing and solving issues of
consumers could also become more convenient for the entities engaged in globalised market.

Task 4
Digital infrastructure
Digital infrastructure is defined as the structure that is established over the digital
platforms. The current time of business environment where the major emphasis has been given
over growth and advancement of the digital technology the role of digital infrastructure is
massive. Data centre is one of the major infrastructure that is developed by the stakeholder to
ensure the needs and demand of various business houses.
Data centre
Data centre is a system established in the digital infrastructure that is used to store the
data and information in order to deliver the business operations. The role of the data centre is to
store the data and information that is associated with the operations. Along with the storage of
the information or data this technique further involve scalability, security, efficiency and state-
of-the-art technology that support the organisation to deliver the business objectives (Zhao-Yi
and et.al., 2020). Data centre allow the companies and organisations to use robust software and
hardware ecosystem. The role of data centre is to protect the data hacking like issues, cutting cost
of operations and improve efficiency of operations and processes adopted by the organisation.
Advantage:
 It improve the operational efficiency of the companies.
 It support the venture to collect and store the required information and data that can
support the business entity to improve the knowledge and understanding about the end
results.
 The role of data centre is to easily monitor and compare all the information and data to
support the overall growth of the different strategic choice adopted by the organisations.
Disadvantages:
 The data hacking is among the key disadvantage associated with the data centre practice
adopted by the organisation.
 Many times too much information is collected under the data centre that create a massive
issue and challenge as a part of data centre practice use by the business entity.

Task 5
Risk of information system outsourcing
Risk is always a part of every single business operation practice by the company. The
biggest risk is related to leakage of crucial information and data that can support the organisation
to deliver its business operations. Information system outsourcing is a practice that information
providing a proper system related to the information to business houses over rent and such like
charges (Nair, Pahurkar and Phule, 2019). The practice ensures the huge risk of data leakage and
hacking like challenges. The data outsourcing also create a major challenge of losing the
sensitive information or data. Confidentiality also challenges in this practice as the information
become public which allow other competitors to use the relevant information and make
important business decisions.
IT infrastructure many times become more critical for the digital transformation. Many
times IT system do not offer the leverage to produce the relevant content or protect the
information or data. Digital transformation is many times offer the business houses to collect the
information or to store the relevant data or information over the digital platforms. This is
challenged by the digital transportation as this provide a scope of data hacking, loosing
confidential information and such like of issues. Information system outpouring with the use of
digital transformation is further a core challenge as the digital structure is easy to hack and grab
in such manner that all relevant and necessary information can be collected of other ventures.
CONCLUSION
IT solutions are developed with the sue of development theory and the scientific
management theory that support the proper process or activities to improve the quality or to
develop the entire software. Globalisation is a practice in which two or more organisation come
together and share common values in order to achieve the mutual business objectives. IT played
a massive role for the companies to take competitive advantage in con text to the practice of
globalisation. Digital infrastructure on the other hand support the business venture to take an
advantage of data centre and such like practices.

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Chen, X., 2018. Globalisation redux: can China’s inside-out strategy catalyse economic
development and integration across its Asian borderlands and beyond?. Cambridge
Journal of Regions, Economy and Society. 11(1). pp.35-58.
Ensslin, L. and et.al., 2020. Management support model for information technology
outsourcing. Journal of Global Information Management (JGIM). 28(3). pp.123-147.
Hirschheim, R. A., Heinzl, A. and Dibbern, J., 2020. Information Systems Outsourcing: The Era
of Digital Transformation. Springer.
Ibrahim, T. A., 2018. The role of technology acceptance model in explaining university
academics’ acceptance and behavioural intention to use technology in education. KnE
Social Sciences. pp.1162-1172.
Nair, J., Pahurkar, R. and Phule, S., 2019. Changing face of the outsourcing industry in a VUCA
world: Learning and Development Organizations the new frontier. Int. J. Res. Eng.
Appl. Manag.
Rugman, A. M., 2019. From globalisation to regionalism: The foreign direct investment
dimension of international finance. In Shaping a new international financial system (pp.
203-219). Routledge.
Swathi, T. N. and et.al., 2021, August. Data Analytics software implementation for Accident
Risk Factors based on IoT. In 2021 Second International Conference on Electronics
and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC) (pp. 723-730). IEEE.
Ummesalma, M., Subbaiah, R. and Narasegouda, S., 2020. A Decade Survey on Internet of
Things in Agriculture. In Internet of Things (IoT) (pp. 351-370). Springer, Cham.
York, M., 2018. Revolutionary love and alter-globalisation: Towards a new development
ethic. Social Change, 48(4), pp.601-615.
Yung, K. W. H. and Bray, M., 2021. Globalisation and the expansion of shadow education:
Changing shapes and forces of private supplementary tutoring. In Third International
Handbook of Globalisation, Education and Policy Research (pp. 679-697). Springer,
Cham.
Zhao-Yi, W. A. N. G. and et.al., 2020. Regularity of wind-dispelling medication prescribed by
LI Dong-Yuan: a data mining technology-based study. Digital Chinese Medicine. 3(1).
pp.20-33.