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(PDF) Teacher Retention and Attrition: A Review of the Literature

   

Added on  2021-06-16

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Running head: TEACHER ATTRITION AND RETENTION1TITLE OF THE WORKNameInstitutionCourseDate

2TEACHER ATTRITION AND RETENTIONRESEARCH REPORT ON TEACHER ATTRITION AND RETENTION IN DEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESAbstractThe research study critically examined the influence of teacher attrition and teacher retention in developing countries. Teacher attrition has had great negative impact on retention, which calls for need tofind out causes of teacher attrition in order to find appropriate measures to curb it so as to secure the future of the young generation. The research intended to establish the core facts on teacher attrition and retention in developing countries and thus the study typically used qualitative research methods for the analysis of the findings. The study findings indicated that there is a highly positive correlation between remuneration and teacher retention and on the other hand, the vice-versa is true with teacher attrition.IntroductionEducation is one of the fundamental human rights that every human being is entitled to and without which human beings may not lead a meaningful life. Much as education has done several wonderful things like job creation which has improved on standards of living, human capital formation among others, there has been slow destruction of the system for example through low salary, absence of job satisfaction, job opportunities outside teaching, lack of interest in the profession, and low status. Somesocieties attach to education among other factors as highlighted by some researchers. This has negatively impacted on teacher retention. Retention of teachers in developing countries is challenging and needs to be looked in to closely. This is because attrition leaves the education of the future generation uncertain (Simon, & Johnson, 2015, p.30)Different researchers have given different reasons why some teachers choose to continue workingwhile others have abandoned their job as seen from different scholars. The research findings of most scholars who have researched on variables relating to the research topic at hand proved that there is a relationship between teacher attrition and teacher retention and that the key determinant of teacher retention is remuneration.

Running head: TEACHER ATTRITION AND RETENTION3Teacher retention refers to the process through which maintenance of teachers is inspired within agiven institution for as long as the contractruns. Teacher retention is necessary for the learners, teachers and institutions of education as well. However, due to dissatisfaction either with the job or employer teachers abandon teaching for other better jobs. Teacher attrition refers to the slow destruction of teachers in various ways. This has made teacherretention very challenging. The key driving factor affecting teacher retention is job opportunity outside teaching.Teacher attrition has had serious negative impacts on teacher retention since it tends to reduce thenumber of teachers in schools in developing countries as revealed by many researchers. This in turn has negatively affected the standard of education as reflected in the results of learners.Therefore it is the mandate of authorities concerned to ensure teacher retention (Gallanta, & Riley, 2014) Research questionsIs there any impact of teacher attrition on retention?How has teacher attrition affected teacher retention?Is there any relationship between attrition and teacher retention?Research objectivesTo find out the impact of teacher attrition on retention.To establish the rates of teacher retention in developing countries.To explore the relationship between teacher attrition and retention.To examine the effect of following factors on teacher retention SalaryWorking conditionsRewardsPromotionIntrinsic factorsJob opportunitiesHypothesisPromotion influences teacher retention.Working conditions affect teacher retention.

Running head: TEACHER ATTRITION AND RETENTION4Job opportunities influence teacher retention.The salary also has an impact on teacher retention.Job opportunities have influence on teacher retention.Review of relevant literatureIn a bid to answer the research questions and to get a broader view of the variables at hand, past studies relating to the study variables were reviewed. The review gave an in-depth understanding of the relationship between teacher attrition and teacher retention.Teachers have constantly left their profession in favor of other fields which called for investigation on drivers of teacher attrition which negatively affected teacher retention. It’s on this note therefore that a number of past studies from different scholars have critically been reviewed so as to get a vivid picture on the causes of teacher attrition which will help generate solutions that may help ensure teacher retention is secured. These subjects explained causes of slow destruction of teachers as well as how teachers can be retained (Gallanta, & Riley, 2014).The research study came up with the following subjects of teacher retention that were used to explain teacher retention.Pay to live; a study on subjects to maintain teachers conformed that chances are so high that when teachers’ financial needs are catered for, they can be maintained. The study also established that in the south, pay is the most influencing factor in retention of teachers.External influencers; it was also revealed that external influencers like; pay, household maintained teachers in their profession as found out in the study drive to becoming a teacher of English inThai Denchai. Latifoglu (2016) reported that contributors became teachers because of job safety and status. This was consistent with study compiled by Prabjandee (2014) who asserts that contributors became teachers because of desire for greater prestige and job safety.A study conducted about questioning the research on early Career teacher Attrition and retention found out greater pay is usually an important solution to beginning teacher erosion. Intrinsic factors were also believed to influence teacher retention. These are determined by internal factors that is to say fulfillment of the job. Mifsud (2018) carried out this study to investigate shortage of teachers.Billingsley (2004) asserts that some people picked interest in becoming teachers because of their perception that it was a valuable job with ethical value. The teacher-learner affection that existed was also

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