Increasing the Use of Technology in Digital Business Caused by the Global Epidemiological Context Advantages and Disadvantages

This report discusses the advantages and disadvantages of products and services sold online and offline, privacy and security challenges and measures, and electronic payments in the context of the global epidemiological context. It also includes a literature review on the topic. The report explores the suitability and applications of electronic payment services with a chip implanted into humans’ body, for example, in a hand.

Information and
Communication
Technology

Contents
Contents...........................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1
2.0 Literature Review......................................................................................................................1
2.1 Advantages and disadvantages of products and services sold online and offline.................1
2.2 Privacy and Security challenges and measures.....................................................................4
2.3 Electronic payments...............................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Information and communication technology is one of the infrastructures as well as components
which enable modern computing. It is a component which is accepted in different devices,
application, networking components as well as systems. It allows people and organisation to
combine into the digital world (Bandera, Collins and Passerini, 2018). It is a platform which
combines different types of services and technologies together for purpose of computing
telecommunication and data management. All these technologies are related to transmission as
well as reception of information. It is a permeates which includes different types of aspects of
life and also provides different ways in which people interact, network and also gain information.
It is a technology which provides helps to business during the covid-19 period by allowing them
to sell their products at the online store. It is important for the business in order to improve the
service and also for purpose of carry out business event in pandemic situation.
This project report includes the advantages and disadvantages of the products as well as services
sold in the online and offline stores. It consists offering of products suitable and not suitable for
online and offline stores. It compares and contrasts the differences between the products to be
sold in online and offline and also includes it pros and cons. Privacy and security for online
services are also discussed in this report as it create different challenges. It discusses measures to
be adopted by businesses in order to make online services more private and secure. Moreover, it
discusses explanation of electronic payment, its advantage, disadvantage, application.
MAIN BODY
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Advantages and disadvantages of products and services sold online and offline
 What products are suitable/not suitable for offline/online businesses?
There are different types of products among which some are suitable for online and some are
suitable for offline business. It is essential for the business to consider the factors on basis of
which customers are considering some products suitable for an online or offline business (Chen
and et. al., 2020).
Online businesses are those in which products are purchased and sold on the internet. For an
online business, products that are suitable include electronic items, food items, groceries that are
1

not perishable in less time and other things for which physical touch is not required. It is
important for the business to consider these factors in a business as it allow them for the purpose
of improving their services and allow them to know in which products, customers likes to
purchase online.
There are some products which are not suitable or the online products as they are suitable for
offline products like offline business. These products includes clothing, dairy products and other
things. Clothing is products that require physical touch as sometimes products shown to the
online platform are not as same as they are (Cursino and et. al., 2018). Due to this, clothes is to
be purchased by the customers through offline stores. Dairy products and other products which
are of perishable nature needs to be purchased at offline stores as it can by perished during the
period of delivery.
 Compare and contrast between the products and services sold online and offline.
There are various different among the products and services sold in online as well as offline
businesses. These differences between online and offline services are mentioned below:
Basis Online Business Offline Business
Open Time Online business are always
open as a person can purchase
products from the online
platform at any time and at
any day.
Offline business has its
specific time when the
customer can go for the
purchase of products and
service.
Require less cost In order to start an online
business, it does not require to
invest more and also it can be
easily operated by the
business. As a result, they are
offering products as a less
price.
Offline businesses require
more investment as it require
assets and other things which
will increase the cost of the
company. As a result, products
sold on this platform are more
expensive.
Place In online business, a customer
can purchase the products
In this platform, for
purchasing of products,
2

from anywhere like from the
offices, home and anywhere.
customer needs to go out from
their home to the market and a
specific store for the purchase
of products and service.
Choice There are more choices
available to customers as it
they do not like products from
one company, they can open
another website for purpose of
purchase of products. There
are number of online stores
available to customers
nowadays.
There are linked choices are
available to the offline stores
as if they do not line products
the one shop then they need to
move to another shop.
 Discuss about the pros and cons of products sold online and offline.
Online Business:
Pros:
 It provides wide range of choices to people as there are a number of products available on
the online platforms.
 It allows a customer to purchase the products 24/7 which is important for them in order to
enhance their experience (Freeman, J.D., and et. al., 2019).
 There is the availability of a number of payment options that are secure and safe for the
convenience of the customers.
Cons:
 There are different types of quality issues that occur in products while purchasing of the
periods.
 There is a long waiting time in the online shopping as a person needs to wait for getting
the products (Melović and et. al., 2021).
3

 There are different types of issues occur related to the size and fitting of the products.
Offline Business:
Pros:
 Quality time is one of the important components of offline shopping as it allows a person
to take the proper time to purchase the products and also to allow them for purpose of
examining the choices of the products.
 Touch as well as well feel is something which a person can feel in context to offline
shopping as it is essential for them to purchase the right product according to their
requirements (Shabani and Shahnazi, 2019).
 It allows customers to instantly get the products which is not possible into online
products.
 It also enables customers to return the product immediately by going to the store of
company.
Cons:
 Physical stores provide products at a more expensive process as the cost of maintaining
an offline store is high. As a result, they are selling the products at a high price in
comparison to the online store.
 Offline stores are sometimes crowded as many people come to that place which makes
shopping more difficult for a person especially an introverted person.
2.2 Privacy and Security challenges and measures.
 What are privacy and security of online services?
Internet privacy can be described as the right as well as the mandate of the personal privacy of a
person which is concern with the storing, provision of third party, repurposing as well as
displaying of information through internet. It is also known as online privacy and digital privacy
(Sharma and et. al., 2021). Increasing personal data of customers like their browsing history and
other thing create risk for them. People are unable about information shared by them on the
Internet which creates a threat for them. This online privacy is important for a person in order to
protect them from personal things in order to protect them from sharing it to the strangers. It is
also important for a person to protect their medical records, bank statement as well as certain
items from the shopping cart. It is easier for a person to hold their personal information like
4

tastes, names, favourite places, friend’s name and others (Tyagi, Rekha and Sreenath, 2020).
This information can also be taken from social media accounts of people. In order to protect this
information, people need to make their accounts private and also use a strong password.
 Discuss about the challenges of online services being private and secured.
Online services are those services in which products and services are purchased by a person
through online service. It is a service which provides different types of challenges that make it
difficult for the customer to trust the online services. These challenges are related to fraud,
hacking, loss of data and others. All these challenges in context to the online services are
mentioned below:
 Hacking is one of the biggest threats for the security and privacy of online services. There
are different types of hackers are available on the internet which is accessing the personal
information of customers and businesses that create threats for them. For customers, this
information can be related to their numbers, bank account numbers and other things.
 There are different types of threats that also come from external hazards like external
parties are interested in order to take advantage of the information of the companies. But
these threat does not only come from the external side of the company but also it comes
from inside the company. These insiders cause security vulnerability in online services by
invading the internal data of the company. It results in financial loss, bad publicity, loss
of customer loyalty as well as data breaching.
 Fraudulent action is also creating a challenge for the business in order to get access to
records of the customer as well as sensitive information from the attacks and network
intrusions (van der Westhuizen and Goyayi, 2020).
 Security vulnerabilities is also a threat for online service that aims to the extraction of
business finances. It excludes ransomware attracted made by the hackers by encrypting
the data as well as demand considerable financial rewards for decrypting of it.
 Discuss about the measures that could be takes to be private and secured.
There are different measures adopted to be business in order to protect the privacy as well as
security of online services. These measures are to be protected by the business for purposes of
making online service to be more private as well as secure. These measures help them for
purpose of exposing personal data, pictures, password information and other things. It is
important for businesses in order to make their online service to be more secured and private for
5

the purpose of gaining trust of customers. Explanation of some of these measures to be adopted
by the company are mentioned below:
 Installation of Antivirus: It is one of the important components which is important in
order to protect computers from viruses. It is important in order to keep the software of
the company more smooth. It is also important in order to protect the software from steal
of information and keeping information of the company (Wang, Fan and Yin, 2019).
 It is also important for the business for purpose of exploring of the security tool in the
business for purpose of protecting different devices of the company. It is important for
the company to make their software smoother and also for purpose of protecting the
information from the third party.
 Unique password is another measure for purpose of protection of information in the
business. It is important for the business to make to protect them from stealing of
information. In order to protect the business from usernames as well as passwords from
different sources. It is essential for the business to increase the privacy and security by
using protecting password in the business.
 There should be use of multifactor authentication in the online service which is important
in order to increase the security of the online service and also to make it more secure and
the private.
2.3 Electronic payments.
 What is an electronic payment? What are the examples?
Electronic payments is termed as the safest methods of electronic and as well as digital monetary
transfer. In the scenario of the banking transfer, electronic payment other than cash can be used
as in an effective and as well as an efficient manner. In the United Kingdom, the respective
people have access to use several sort of electronic payment methods as per to their needs and as
well as requirements (Widodo, Irawan and Sukmono, 2019). With electronic payment, the
respective people can shop with just a tap or swipe. Transactions are processed and completed
within few term of minutes. It is faster than paying with the paper checks and as well as other
means, but it also saves time and difficulty that are linked with organizing the value of the
monetary fund. With electronic payment systems, the respective people have to stand in long
lines to withdraw cash at ATMs or any other branches of the bank. The checkout lines are also
6

shorter, as by decreasing the time that each transaction takes. They can also use such sorts of
online payment systems to pay for a wider term of variety of goods and as well as services at
online shopping sites by removing the requirement to visit at their physical outlets as effectively
and efficiently.
As there are several sorts of the electronic payments mode that include credit cards facilities,
debit cards facilities, mobile wallets facilities, UPI facilities, internet and as well as mobile
banking facilities. As in the contemporary world, they need is associated with the bank account
and an internet - enabled device to utilise electronic payment solutions to pay for the wider sort
of the varieties of the goods and as well as facilities (Wu and et. al., 2021).
The most common framework of the electronic payment methods that include credit cards
facilities, debit cards facilities, virtual cards facilities, and as well as ACH (direct debits
facilities, direct debits facilities, electronic checks facilities and so on).
 Advantages, disadvantages, suitability, and applications of electronic payment
services with a chip implanted into humans’ body, for example, in a hand
RFID microchips are fixed under the skin as by using already cheap and as well as easily
accessible procedure as it will centring focuses on the individuality of the possessor, like IDs,
credit card sources data, bus tickets, library cards and so on another term of the sources of data as
in an effective and as well as an efficient manner.
ADVANTAGES
Identification – The passports of the respective individuals are already linked with the micro
chipped that need nominal term of the infrastructure variations, as from passport scanning to the
arm scanning at the airports, train stations and as well as bus stops (Zia, 2020). The same is equal
for the driver's licenses and as well as their ID cards. All the police forces need is a chip scanner
and they can do it away with cases completely such as the respective individual already
transacted their credit and as well as debit cards for NFC.
Membership – As the Baja Beach Club was the first most club who implanted the microchip for
their VIP users and as well as guests. As by this, it is easy to access to membership features as
there will be no more carrying around key cards and as well as other ATM factor that can track
and maintain their food and as well as alcohol cards. It is also convenient for managing the track
of who is where and when they are on their work place, as by removing the requirement for
7

exclusive key aspects or key cards. The similar term will be prefer for the libraries, gyms, hotel
and as well as restaurant reservations in hospitality sector. As it also deals with the award card
management and anywhere else where they want to reveal their own identity for having the
access.
DRAWBACKS
Uncertainty – As there is no one who knows about the long - term impact of the microchips that
will be in their body. The social effect of widespread chipping that is unidentified as in an
effective and as well as an efficient manner.
Minor crimes cannot be committed – As it involve drink and driving too fast, watching extra
movies, and so on. The fundamental term of the advantages of contextualization will always
come at the cost of sending the aspects that will enhanced the contextual source of information.
As with the motive to offer an effective term of the facilities, service providers require to
maintain the access to wider term of the data of their customers as effectively and as well as
efficiently. On the other hand, it involve an easy and as well as smooth manner that will always
on their GPS monitoring and it can also tell that when they are speeding or drinking and so on.
CONCLUSION
From above mentioned project report, it can be concluded that information and communication
technology is a wide-scope concept that is providing different opportunities to the business in
today’s time. It is one of the important concepts that offer great opportunities for the business but
at the same time create a threat for the business. On basis of it, it is easier for the business for
purpose of selling their products at online stores which provide a great reach to offer their
products to their customers in other countries. It is important as it does not consist much cost on
basis of it is easier for businesses to sell their products at the online platform and also provide
them a competitive advantage as they can offer products in less among in comparison to offline
stores. There are some products that are not suitable for purpose of online stores which are sold
to the business in offline stores. But offering product in the online stores creates different types
of threats in the business. It creates various challenges for the business and makes it difficult for
the business to gain trust of customers. In order to overcome o these challenges, customers needs
to use strong password, does not needs to share their ID and password to others. There are
different types of security tools also installed by businesses to increase the security and privacy
of data of customers.
8

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bandera, C., Collins, R. and Passerini, K., 2018. Risky business: Experiential learning,
information and communications technology, and risk-taking attitudes in
entrepreneurship education. The International Journal of Management
Education, 16(2), pp.224-238.
Chen, P., and et. al., 2020. Promotional pricing and online business model choice in the presence
of retail competition. Omega, 94, p.102085.
Cursino, R., and et. al., 2018, September. Gamification in requirements engineering: a systematic
review. In 2018 11th International Conference on the Quality of Information and
Communications Technology (QUATIC) (pp. 119-125). IEEE.
Freeman, J.D., and et. al., 2019. Use of big data and information and communications technology
in disasters: an integrative review. Disaster medicine and public health
preparedness, 13(2), pp.353-367.
Ishola, M.F., 2021. Free-Space Optical Communications for Resource-Limited Small
Satellites (Doctoral dissertation, 九九九九九九).
Melović, B., and et. al., 2021. Determinants of Millennials' behavior in online shopping–
Implications on consumers’ satisfaction and e-business development. Technology in
society, 65, p.101561.
Shabani, Z.D. and Shahnazi, R., 2019. Energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions,
information and communications technology, and gross domestic product in Iranian
economic sectors: A panel causality analysis. Energy, 169, pp.1064-1078.
Sharma, G.D., and et. al., 2021. Nexus between energy consumption, information and
communications technology, and economic growth: an enquiry into emerging Asian
countries. Journal of Public Affairs, 21(2), p.e2172.
Tyagi, A.K., Rekha, G. and Sreenath, N., 2020. Beyond the hype: Internet of things concepts,
security and privacy concerns. In Advances in decision sciences, image processing,
security and computer vision (pp. 393-407). Springer, Cham.
van der Westhuizen, T. and Goyayi, M.J., 2020. The influence of technology on entrepreneurial
self-efficacy development for online business start-up in developing nations. The
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 21(3), pp.168-177.
Wang, C., Fan, X. and Yin, Z., 2019. Financing online retailers: Bank vs. electronic business
platform, equilibrium, and coordinating strategy. European Journal of Operational
Research, 276(1), pp.343-356.
Widodo, M., Irawan, M.I. and Sukmono, R.A., 2019, July. Extending UTAUT2 to explore
digital wallet adoption in Indonesia. In 2019 International Conference on Information
and Communications Technology (ICOIACT) (pp. 878-883). IEEE.
Wu, Z., and et. al., 2021. An effective approach for the protection of user commodity viewing
privacy in e-commerce website. Knowledge-Based Systems, 220, p.106952.
Zia, A., 2020. Exploring factors influencing online classes due to social distancing in COVID-19
pandemic: a business students perspective. The International Journal of Information
and Learning Technology.
9