Management Theories and Styles

This assignment delves into the realm of management theories, focusing particularly on Henri Fayol's Administrative Theory and its 14 principles. It examines various management styles, including their strengths, weaknesses, and influence on team communication and motivation. The analysis draws upon academic literature, case studies, and examples to illustrate the practical application of these concepts in real-world scenarios.

The Developing Manager

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1.1 Comparison of different management styles..................................................................1
P1.2 leadership characteristics of senior managers................................................................2
P1.3 communication process required in organisation...........................................................3
P1.4 analysis of organisational culture as well as process of change.....................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2.1 assessment of own management skills...........................................................................4
P2.2 Own SWOT analysis......................................................................................................5
P2.3 prioritization of objectives and targets to develop own potential..................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
3.1 factors which lead and motivate team to achieve organisational objectives and goals....6
3.2 managerial decision which helps to achieve goals and objectives and recommendations for
the improvements...................................................................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
4.1 own managerial and personal skills for career development............................................9
4.2 personal development plan to improve current performance and to achieve future needs. 10
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Role of developing managers is to create positive organisation culture in which employee
remain satisfied with organisation and work hard for the productivity. This is one of the essential
task for managers of the organisation. Chosen organisation in this report is Thomas Cook. This
present report will cover different management style and leadership characteristics of senior
managers. Communication process in organisation and organisational culture is to explained in
this report. Own management skills to analysis strength, weakness, opportunities and threats to
set priorities in developing own potential is to be studied in this report. Further, in this report
process of motivating team in achieving organisational objectives and managerial decision for
goal achievement and recommendations for improvement is to be provided. Further, in this
report study of managerial and personal skills to support career development and needs to
improve that development plan is to be discussed.
TASK 1
P1.1 Comparison of different management styles
To get the effective work from employees each and every managers have their own
different style and which is according to organisational culture and structure. There are mainly
four different management styles that is-
Authoritative management style- under this management style managers develop their own
decision for employees work and they will not consider the ideas and the views of the employee.
(Podsakoff and Podsakoff, 2018) They develop decision with the guidelines of their bosses for
employees and subordinates of the organisation. Under this management style employees remain
demotivated in workplace.
Participative management style- under this style of working management develops friendly
environment for the employees of organisation. Under this style managers develop effective
communication with employees to develop new plans, ideas and innovations. This style is
developed by Thomas Cook managers by which effective goals can be achieved.
Free- rein management style- under this type of style managers will not contribute more in
decision- making process of organisation. Here in this style employee do take decisions at their
own and work accordingly.(6 types of management styles,2018.) Managers will not contribute
much in this task therefore effective work is not developed in organisation.
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Affirmative management style- this is the best style of managers under which they develop
effective interaction with subordinates also provide equal respect to them by which they share
their views in getting goals of organisation. (Sessa and London, 2015.)
These are some management style which managers follow in performing their job role. In
Thomas Cook organisation management follows participative management style to get work
from their subordinates.
P1.2 leadership characteristics of senior managers
Effective leadership styles helps organisation to achieve goals timely. Managers helps to
react change but leaders are the persons which develop that change in the organisation.(Maurer
and London, 2018.) Some qualities of leaders in Thomas Cook are as follows-
Communication skill- this is the major quality which needs to be develop in all the managers of
the organisation. A good leader has to develop this quality in achieving organisational
objectives. By developing this quality leaders have to develop speaker and good listener quality.
Thomas Cook mangers have developed this quality to communicate with their client through
mails, faxes etc.
Team orientation- to obtain work goals of organisation leaders role is to develop good team
spirit among employees of the organisation by which they work with proper coordination to
achieve organisational objectives. Thomas Cook managers have developed this team orientation
in framing effective trips and tours for travellers.
Innovation and creativity- leaders role is to develop positive organisational culture by which
employees work with motivation and will able to share their views in doing innovation and
creativity for work achievement. To achieve organisational objective leaders will always in
search for new destinations and policies.
Passion- by developing this quality leader will able to cherish and motivate employees towards
their work and motivates them to take challenges in meeting needs of the organisation. Thomas
Cook managers develop these skills to satisfy tourist in their travelling.
These are some characteristics which needs to develop mangers in effectively performing
their duties in organisation.
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P1.3 communication process required in organisation
Communication process needs to be developed in organisation by which information will
get shared, effective plan will develop, and effective ideas are developed for the procedure of
work doing.(Paris, Sоrbu and Tomescu,2015) Types of communication are-
 Formal and informal communication- this is the type of information which develops
in organisation in doing formal and informal channels of communication. Thomas Cook
followed formal process of communication which include communication which is
smooth, timely and accurate. Communication done in a particular form but under this
communication process managers will not able to find employee needs and expectations.
Informal communication provide way to knowing employee's needs from the company.
Under this employee are more motived from the managers of the organisation.
 Upward, downward and horizontal communication- this is the continuous and
effective process of communication in an organisation. Proper flow of communication
develop in this process which is clear and coordinating.(Hildebrand,2018. ) In downward
communication information or communication flow through seniors to subordinates. In
upward communication, information and communication done with subordinates to
seniors and in horizontal employee share their views at same level.
 Verbal and oral communication- under this communication done in face to face
manner and also with electronic devices. Thomas Cook also followed this
communication process because it helps in reducing paper work of the organisation. This
communication is also proved effective because views and expectations are shared face
to face with clear understanding.
P1.4 analysis of organisational culture as well as process of change
Organisational culture is process of observing manner of doing work in organisation.
Behaviour of workforce in organisation define its culture. Various changes and cultures are as
follows-
Power culture- to respond quickly to events happening in organisation this power culture used
by managers in achieving organisational objectives. This used by managers to attract peoples
who are ready to take challenges and risks in achieving organisational objectives.
Role culture- according to this culture different roles and responsibilities are provided to
employees by that they will able to manage their work accordingly and take challenges achieving
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organisational objectives of the organisation. Employees work according to their duties and
perform accordingly to achieve that task.
Task culture- under this more emphasis is given for the completion of task done. Under this
selection is to be done of people in allocating right work to right people in achieving
organisational objectives. To manage and develop change this culture is followed by
organisation.(Sangster, 2017.)
These are organisational culture and changes which need to develop in organisation for
getting effective coordination and to achieve future needs of the organisation.
TASK 2
P2.1 assessment of own management skills
When I was working in travel and tourism sector there are various skills which needs to
required in performing my job role. For getting my job done I have to develop various
management skills to perform business operation in effective manner which also encourage
employee to work hard.(Bryson, 2017.) That skills which I developed are-
Communication skill- I consider this is the most important skill for any of the employee or
manager of the organisation. I developed these skills to improve my communication with
subordinates or with customers of the organisation. As a manager of hospitality sector I have to
deal with customer daily and for that communication skill needs to be better. These skills help
me to develop the best management process by which I am able to understand expectations of
the employees from organisation.
Decision making skill- I develop this skill so that I am able to take effective decisions which
right and accurate at right time for organisation. All managers have to posses this skill by which
they will able to develop effective decision in organisation. I have to take decision carefully
because managers are responsible for all the decision of the company.
Problem solving- this skill I have developed to solve queries of the employee and also to provide
solution of conflicts of the organisation. By developing this skill I am able to take the best
solution of problems arise in the organisation.(Edward, 2017. )
Leadership skill- every managers of the organisation needs to develop this skill because it plays
an important role in achieving the best performance from the employees. Leader is the person
who has the ability to motivate employee and to encourage them to work hard for the
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organisation. I have this quality and I am able to motivate my employee in their working by
developed effective communicate with them.
Assessment of my own skills in a proper format.
skills rating
Communication skill I rated number one in this because I have very good communicate
skill.(Oetzel, 2017. )
Decision making skill I have good decision making skill in developing effective decisions
for organisation. I have rated number one in this skill too.
Problem solving skill I am able to solve problem of the organisation and rated with
number two.
Leadership skill I have that quality to motivate employees and to increase their
morale of doing work. I rate number three in this skill.
P2.2 Own SWOT analysis
Strength-
 Effective management skill to carry out
my duties and tasks in proper time.
 Good communication skill to motivate
my employees in their workplace.
 Able to manage my entire work
appropriately for organisation.
 I have strong leadership quality.
Weakness-
 I have down confidence level by that I
am unable to speak in front of public.
 I have bad stress management issue.
Opportunities-
 Opportunity to enhance my career in
different sector too.
 Able to get growth in my own
organisation.
Threads-
 Low confidence level is the biggest
threat for me by that I am unable to
enhance my growth.(Shafritz and et.al.,
2015.)
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P2.3 prioritization of objectives and targets to develop own potential
Certain developments which needs to be there in a manager of organisation to achieve
organisational objectives. I also have developed objective which I need to achieve in coming
years and that are-
Deadline- I have developed deadline in developing my own potential in coming one year. It is
essential for me to develop that improvement by which I will able to achieve organisational
objectives in proper time and also to develop positive brand identity in front of customers.
Research- another most important target for me is to so research work for my skills which I need
to improve in setting my future in organisation. To enhance my growth in organisation I have to
develop certain knowledge and skills by which I am able to initiatives which proves beneficial
for organisation.(Church and Waclawski, 2017)
Practising- this needs to be priority for me to develop effective skills in my working. By doing
continuous practises I am easily able to learn and grow in the organisation.
These are the priorities and objectives which are developed by me to increase my work
performance and to work effectively in organisations.
TASK 3
3.1 factors which lead and motivate team to achieve organisational objectives and goals
Recently I have been appointed as assistant manager of my organisation that is in
Thomas Cook organisation. My work is to keep motivate employees so that effective
organisational goals and objectives get achieved in an organisation.(Oetzel, 2017.) As above
mentioned I also have developed effective skills and capabilities by which I will able to manage
my work in organisation. After my appointment I have done a survey of my company's
employees performance and I found a major issue in work coordination between employee and
productivity. To solve that issue I have decided to improve overall performance of employees
and factors which I developed are as follows-
Set objectives and goals- I have communicated proper set of goals and objectives to the
employees of the organisation by which they work to achieve specific goals of the organisation. I
also developed personal set of goals which motivates employee to work hard and to take
company's challenges.
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Developed theory of motivation- to get work from employees I know that I have to fulfil basic
needs of the employees of the organisation. To develop that needs I applied motivation theory
which Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Two factor theory. In which I consider fulfilling basic
needs of the employees which encourage them to work hard and to take challenges of
organisation. This helps me to motivate employee which overall helps to improve company's
performance. (Paris, Sоrbu and Tomescu, 2015.)
Developed positive culture- I also developed a positive environment of culture in which
employee feel safe to work. By developing these friendly culture in an organisation employee
are more motivated and encouraged to work and to share their overall view to achieve future
needs of the organisation. By developing these elements I overcome with the result that it is the
best method which I developed to enhance overall growth of the organisation.
These are the factors which I developed in Thomas Cook organisation which helps me to
improve overall performance of the organisation.
3.2 managerial decision which helps to achieve goals and objectives and recommendations for
the improvements
To achieve goals and objectives I have applied management theory of Henri Fayol by
which I will able to achieve organisational objectives and goals. Under this management theory
Fayol has given five elements by which goals and objectives will meet.
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 Planning
According to this step every company must have to plan their resources by which they will able
to meet its objectives goals. Planning of the organisation needs to be effective which helps to
achieve overall performance of organisation.(Karenn, 2017)
 Organising
Under this step management of the organisation have to develop effective resources by which
planing will execute in organisation. All necessary resources must have to developed in
appropriate time of production.
 Commanding
By this step management have to develop effective encouragement between employees so that
they work to achieve objectives and goals of organisation.(Podsakoff and Podsakoff, 2018)
 Coordinating
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Illustration 1: functions of management
(source:Management Theory of Henry
Fayol,2017)

According to this step management have to develop effective team spirit abilities in organisation
by which proper coordination of work will get achieved to increase overall performance.
 Controlling
According to this step all the work is had to execute by managers to get effective organisational
objectives and goals which meets future needs of the organisation.
These managerial theory I have developed in doing my job role in Thomas Cook organisation by
which I will able to encourage employees to take challenges and to work hard which increases
overall production and profitability of organisation. (Fayol, 2016. )
TASK 4
4.1 own managerial and personal skills for career development
To get growth in my career, I have to develop certain skills by which I will able to
achieve certain growth in my overall career. This is the world which full of competitions so there
is a need for continuous improvement of skills in developing career growth.(Staats and et.al.,
2016) Factors which helps in achieving career growth in one own life is there attitude,
behaviour, sincerity, and also their dedication in there work. Qualities which helps to achieve
outcomes are-
Growth and development- this is the first and most important factor which encourage
individual to work hard in their job role. This factors create a satisfaction level in individual
mind. Therefore, this is the factors which helps to get career development.
Continuous learning- to achieve success in one's professional life, individual have to develop
continuous learning process which scourge them to work hard for the getting growth in their
professional life. This process helps individual to improve their capabilities which helps them to
achieve growth in their career.
Power to develop effective decision making- effective decision making skills only gets
developed when there is an experience of doing work by which individual will able to take
effective decision which helps them to encourage their performance by which career gets
improved.(Cristofaro,2014. )
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Another factor by which individual will able to get growth in their performance of work.
There are also factors like effective leadership qualities and to improve efficiency will help
individual to achieve overall growth in their managerial growth.
4.2 personal development plan to improve current performance and to achieve future needs.
It is an essential for me to develop my own personal development plan by which I will
able to improve my weaknesses into my strength which helps me to achieve effective growth in
my career and also to improve my work performance.(Nuttin, 2014.)
Skills to
improved
Current status Future status Initiatives
measures
Time duration
To improve my
communication
skills
Currently I am
not able to
communicate
company's
objectives and
goals by which
work gets delayed
I want to improve
my
communication
skills by which I
am able to
encourage
employees.
To overcome
with this issue I
will take proper
coaching classes
which helps me to
improve
communication
skill.
One month from
the starting date.
To improve my
time management
Current status is
that I am not able
to do complete
my work in
accordance with
time.
I want to improve
my time
management
process by which
I am able to finish
work in
appropriate time.
To overcome
with this issue I
will develop
certain alert tools
in my working
which reminds
me of completing
my work.
Two to three
months from
starting date.
To improve my
confidence level
Currently I am
not able to speak
in front of the
public's
To want to get rid
of nervous break
down which helps
me to speak in
To overcome
with this issue I
will do practise of
speaking in front
One to two
months from
starting date.
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front of public's.
(Deci and Ryan,
2014. )
if mirror which
helps me to speak
in front of public.
To improve
conflicts
management
Currently I am
not able to solves
disputes arrive in
organisation.
I want to develop
effective
leadership
qualities by
which I am able
to solve
organisation
conflicts.
To overcome
with this issue I
will take help
from my seniors
which guide me
to improve
confidence level.
Three to four
months from
starting dates.
Conclusion
From the above study it can be conclude that developing certain skills helps managers to
motivate employees to achieve organisational objectives. In this report comparison of different
management styles and leadership characteristics of senior managers with communication
process required in organisation is explained also analysis of organisational culture as well as
process of change is explained in this report. Further, in this report assessment created of own
management skills with own swot analysis and prioritization of objectives and targets to develop
own potential is explained in this report. Further, in this report explanation is provided of factors
which lead and motivate team to achieve organisational objectives and goals and managerial
decision which helps to achieve goals and objectives and recommendations for the
improvements. At last in this report own managerial and personal skills for career development
with personal development plan is created.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Church, A.H. and Waclawski, J., 2017. Designing and using organizational surveys. Routledge.
Maurer, T.J. and London, M., 2018. From individual contributor to leader: a role identity shift
framework for leader development within innovative organizations. Journal of
Management. 44(4). pp.1426-1452.
Oetzel, J.G., 2017. Effective intercultural workgroup communication theory. The International
Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication. pp.1-5.
Paris, S., Sоrbu, R. and Tomescu, A., 2015. LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT STYLES.
Podsakoff, P.M. and Podsakoff, N.P., 2018. Experimental designs in management and leadership
research: Strengths, limitations, and recommendations for improving publishability. The
Leadership Quarterly.
Cristofaro, S., 2014. Competing motivation models and diachrony: what evidence for what
motivations?. Competing motivations in grammar and usage. pp.282-298.
Deci, E.L. and Ryan, R.M., 2014. Autonomy and need satisfaction in close relationships:
Relationships motivation theory. In Human motivation and interpersonal relationships(pp.
53-73). Springer, Dordrecht.
Edward, R., 2017. An Elaboration of the Administrative Theory of the 14 Principles of
Management by Henri Fayol.
Fayol, H., 2016. General and industrial management. Ravenio Books.
Hildebrand, J., 2018. Bridging the gap: A training module in personal and professional
development. Routledge.
Nuttin, J., 2014. Future time perspective and motivation: Theory and research method.
Psychology Press.
Sangster, C., 2017. Planning and organizing personal and professional development. Routledge.
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Sessa, V.I. and London, M., 2015. Continuous learning in organizations: Individual, group, and
organizational perspectives. Psychology Press.
Shafritz and et.al., 2015. Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning.
Staats and et.al., 2016. Motivating process compliance through individual electronic monitoring:
An empirical examination of hand hygiene in healthcare. Management Science. 63(5).
pp.1563-1585.
Online
6 types of management styles.2018. [ONLINE]. Available through
<https://online.grace.edu/news/business/types-of-management-styles/>
Karenn, J.,2017 Management theory of Henri Fayol. [ONLINE]. Available through
<https://www.business.com/articles/management-theory-of-henri-fayol/>
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