Research Methods for Business Studies

This assignment delves into the world of research methods commonly employed in business studies. It examines a range of methodologies, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. The provided texts offer insights into different research paradigms, their applications, and practical considerations. Students are expected to analyze these diverse perspectives on research and understand how they contribute to advancing knowledge in the field of business.

THE IMPACT OF CROWD CONTROL
AND MANAGEMENT ON AN EVENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
1.1 Background of the study...................................................................................................3
1.2 Rationale of the study.......................................................................................................3
1.3 Research Aim and Objectives..........................................................................................4
1.4 Questions..........................................................................................................................4
1.5 Potential significance of study..........................................................................................4
1.6 Analysis and Framework..................................................................................................6
1.7 Structure of the dissertation..............................................................................................6
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................9
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................15
Introduction..........................................................................................................................15
Research Philosophy............................................................................................................15
Research Design...................................................................................................................16
Research Approach...............................................................................................................16
Research Type......................................................................................................................17
Data Collection.....................................................................................................................17
Data Analysis........................................................................................................................18
Validity and Reliability........................................................................................................18
Ethical Consideration...........................................................................................................19
Limitations............................................................................................................................19
DATA ANALYSIS........................................................................................................................20
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.............................................................................25
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................28

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Event management is considered as application of project management approach which
allows to have effective creation and development of large scale events. Classification of events
can be as festivals, conferences, ceremonies, weddings and formal parties. It has been noticed
that number of people visit to the events which some time create a panic situations. It might
affect the overall outcome of the event and may lead to failure (Getz, 2012). In order to
overcome such issues the event management firms are effectively focused towards diverse
management tactics that assist in crowd control and further administration. It indicates that by
having an effective development of understanding in respect to the measures of crowd control
management the overall practice can also be advanced.
It has been noticed that there are number of activities which need to be performed by event
planning firm in order to meet the industrial standards. Setting out a date and organising a team
for proper management and branding is one of major concern which need to be referred by
experts (Ravaud, 2011). By having an effective development of measures in regard to proper
administration can be taken into account. However, it is not clearly acknowledged by the event
management businesses that how crowd control and management tactics is leading event to
success level. With an application of diverse measures the issues in terms of management within
event can be resolved. Classification of tactics that are being used by the experts is like schedule
of day to day activities, measuring minutes, monitoring of values, etc. However, it has not been
identified that how such activities are improving the working of event (Emery, 2010).
1.2 Rationale of the study
Event management is referred as practice which allows to have better promotion of
heritage and cultural values. It has been noticed that cost of employing the management tactics is
high so it is essential to analyse the key impact of such practice on events. Key rationale of the
study was to have effective development of key measures in terms of sustainability of events.
Also, it has been noticed that number of events are being failed due to issues in terms of crowd
management (Kim, Kim and Odio, 2010). It means the diverse practices are need to be analysed
in such aspect. Another rational is to gain more knowledge and information about such tactics so
that crowd management can be advanced.

1.3 Research Aim and Objectives
Aim
To analyse the impact of crowd control and management on an event: A study on Seven
Events LTD.
Objectives
 To understand the significance of crowd control and management tactics within event
 To identify risk which impacts crowd control management of an event
 To determine measures that can be employed by Seven Events LTD to advance crowd
control and management
In this regard, it can be said that framing of research aim and objectives is significant to
refer so that better blueprint can be provided in respect to study. By having a proper framing of
research aim and objectives the key purpose of study can also be framed in desired manner. It
will assist in effective understanding about the crowd management and its significance in
organising an event. One of key objective of present study is to evaluate the risk measures and its
impact on the crowd control management. By having an actual information in regard to such
practice the issues can be overcome. Another objective that a study contains is to have
determination of measures that can be employed by Seven Events LTD to advance crowd control
and management. With an assistance of this, the study aim can be accomplished which is to have
analysis of impact of crowd control and management on an event: A study on Seven Events
LTD.
1.4 Questions
 Why crowd control and management tactics within event is significant for organisation?
 What kind of risk impacts crowd control management of an event?
 Which measures are useful for Seven Events LTD to advance crowd control and
management?
1.5 Potential significance of study
The study on the Event Management determined that the concept of Event management is
an effective way of organising and managing any event with success. The Events which are
conducted for entertainment, festivals etc are very crucial and may be harmful if not managed
properly. The study on event management determined how helpful event management is for

organising any kind of events. The event planners have skills and knowledge to organise and
manage the events effectively and efficiently.
The various benefits of the Event management study are as follows -
 Helps to conduct the events with smooth execution – The occasion management study
helps to understand the events inside out which can help an individual to develop plans to
organise and manage any event properly and effectively. It helps the people to avoid any
issues or problems in an episode. The study of event management help to learn the
various aspects of events so that an individual can manage the operations of an event
smoothly.
 Save money and Time – The study states that the occasion management companies helps
their clients to save their money and time. The people nowadays needs relaxation without
any waste of time and money. The people hires an incident company to organise the
events for them. The events may be a wedding, party, concert etc. The event companies
have the right knowledge and skills to organise an event through which they organise and
manage various events for their clients in an effective way.
 Creativity – The event management helps in bringing creativity and innovation in any
event. The event management study helps to understand the various kinds of events and
the way they can be organised. The event companies are mainly focusing on the
creativity and innovative techniques in making the best use of the resources. Various
kinds of props and items can be used in an event in order to make it look innovative and
unique.
 Effective Management – The study also helps to know the importance of event
management in developing effectiveness within the operations of an event and its
management. Every event needs an effective management system in order to avoid any
issue or problem in the execution of the event. The event management companies have
skilled staff and management who organise and manage the events in the best possible
way. It helps to manage all the operations of the event effectively and efficiently. The
event management study helps in understanding the need and use of event management
for a successful event.
The event management study can help anyone in becoming or playing a role of an event
planner, The various aspects of event management such as crowd management, cost reduction,

effective management can be understood properly which helps to gain knowledge about the
events, how they are executed and how they are managed or organised in an effective manner to
achieve the success in each and every kind of events. In addition to this, it can be said that by
having an effective consideration of key norms in regard to present study the outcome must be
attained in desired manner. With an assistance of this, number of event management firms can
focus on methods which are being accessed to have better crowd management. It will allow to
have effective development of key measures in terms of operational values because it helps in
understanding the key issues. It allows to analyse the impact of improper crowd management
practice on the success of event. It will allow facilitate in ensuring the resource allocation are
being referred in the practice through focusing on diverse standards so that key goals and
objectives can be accomplished.
1.6 Analysis and Framework
Present study is being focus on analysing the impact of crowd control and management
on an event. In this respect the exploratory values are being promoted within nature so that better
focus on study can be created. It will allow to have understanding about the tactics which assist
in crowd control for an event. Along with this, the inductive approach has been accessed to have
effective findings. Interpretivism philosophy has been used where information collected from the
respondents is compared with the real scenario. In addition to this, it has been noticed that data
collection is also referred as practice which assist in effective gathering of information.
Secondary data collection methods are being employed in order to have analysis of impact of
crowd control and management on an event. Questionnaire are not being designed to support the
data collection because study is based on the secondary sources. As same the books, journals and
online source are being accessed in order to have secondary data collection. Moreover, the
qualitative technique of research is being employed in order to have better accomplishment of
objectives.
1.7 Structure of the dissertation
Proper structure of dissertation is necessary to refer in order to ensure that long term
sustainability can be attained. With a designing of structure the key values in terms of
dissertation must be framed properly.
Chapter 1 Introduction

It is an initial chapter of the dissertation which need to be referred by the experts in
sustainable manner. It will allow to have proper understanding about the topic so that key aspects
can be evaluated properly. It provides an authentic information about diverse factors such as
background, rationale, aim and objectives (Saunders, 2013). In addition to this, it can be said that
by having an improved focus on introduction section the learning about event management
practice can be advanced. With an assistance of this, understanding in respect to the significance
of crowd control and management tactics within event can be developed. Along with this, it will
advance the opportunities in terms of measures regarding event management.
Chapter 2 Literature Review
It is a second chapter which need to be referred by members in order to have proper
evolution of tactics. In this, literature is being employed by the experts with a use of diverse
sources so that goals and objectives can be accomplished. Along with this, it has been noticed
that different books and journals are being accessed to have gathering of information. It is
necessary to ensure that aim and objectives of study are also being referred in desired manner
(Sreedharan, 2007). In this, number of secondary sources are being accessed to analyse the key
values and ensure that learning in regard to practice of event management is well maintained.
Moreover, this section will provide identify risk which impacts crowd control management of an
event. It indicates that diverse factors associated with the work practice of event management
firm can be evaluated in present study.
Chapter 3 Research Methodology
It is a section which provides an information about diverse tools and techniques which are
being employed by researcher in order to accomplish the objectives. It has been noticed that
philosophy, approach, design, collection and analysis are measures which are being discussed I
order to have sustainable development. In this, experts will focus on number of standards in
regard to measures which are associated with the development of research outcomes. It means
the learning about diverse tools and techniques of research so that project can be evaluated
effectively. Information in regard to secondary research has been referred properly so that goals
and objectives can be accomplished.
Chapter 4 Data analysis
It is a chapter in which information is being presented by the experts with a help of diverse
techniques. It has been noticed that thematic approach of analysis is being used in order to

evaluate the information. In this, graphs are being used for effective analysis of information. It is
a section in which collected information from the secondary resources is being presented in both
qualitative and quantitative measures. It also helps in ensure that standards in regard to practice
of data interpretation are well maintained.
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendations
It is a section in which information is presented in collective manner. By having an effective
development of key measures the key points are being discussed so that better understanding
about subject can be taken into account (Stake, 2005). In addition to this, diverse measures in
regard to overcome the limitations of study will also be promoted. It will allow to have proper
consideration of sustainable values. In this, recommendations will be provided to the
organisation regarding improvement in ways to control crowd. Ways to improve the managerial
activities within event management firm can also be resolved. It will assist in effective
development of standards and ensure that practice is being advanced. Other than this,
recommendation about further key research areas will also be taken into account so
understanding about the subject can be improved. It will assist researcher in future practice so
that limitations can also be resolved.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
In literature review section the study focuses on key findings and review of different
authors who has focused on same subject previously. It has been noticed that by having an
effective consideration of measures in regard to secondary study are being evaluated in this
section. In addition to this, it can be said that different research works on crowd control and
management in event will be accessed to have collection of secondary information. With an
effective consideration of such measures the significance of crowd control and management
tactics within event has been evaluated. It has been witnessed that studies that provide
information about practice of crowd management also need to be referred. Critical analysis of
information presented in different research is being taken into account. Along with this,
consideration of research questions and objectives is also being referred so that measures that can
be employed by Seven Events LTD to advance crowd control and management can be
determined. It will also provide learning about diverse risk which impacts crowd control
management of an event.
Significance of crowd management
Crowd control planning is considered as public security which need to be referred by
organisations effectively for better event management. According to Capriello and Rotherham
(2011), by having an improved focus on crowd control planning activities the business firm can
easily identify the risk so that measures can be employed in desired manner. In other words, it
can be state that crowd controlling allows to have focus on the activities that managed the
outbreak of crowd crushes, affray, fights involving drunk and disorderly people or riots. Such
practice is majorly employed to manage number of people at a single place so that risk factor can
be reduced. As per the Cheng and Jarvis (2010) view, crowd control is also referred as practice
in which experts focuses on manipulation of crowd using diverse standards. It is also being
considered as critical part of security practice so that crowd can be safe from any kind of
hazardous situation. In addition to this, it can be said that Task force of any event must have
consideration of public safety values. It became increasingly clear that the primary factor in
assuring a safe and comfortable environment for large crowds is the planning for their
management. By having an effective development of key measures the issues in terms of crowd
security the business firm can easily ensure about work practice standards.

Emery (2010) has contended that there are number of factors which need to be referred
by event management company for effective designing of standards, It has also been witnessed
that roles and responsibilities allocation is also significant so that overall security measured can
be well maintained. Crowd management planning requires a support of diverse authorities so that
goals and objectives can be accomplished. Classification can be as local government, police,
facility management and other authorities. It is necessary for event management firm to have
effective coordination with all these authorities in order to meet goals and objectives. Getz,
(2012) has asserted that local government can have focus on diverse laws in order to manage the
crowd and ensure that risk and hazardous situation control standards are well maintained. It is
also necessary for event management firm to ensure about diverse codes which are employed by
government authorities so that practice can be accomplished in ethical manner. Setting out
configuration and standards the issue need to be resolved. Standards in terms of traffic, parking
facilities, etc need to be referred properly for effective crowd management. In addition to this,
coordination with police department is also essential to refer so that work practice can be
advanced effectively. It is necessary to focus on guidelines issued by police so that standards can
be well maintained (Preston, 2012). While the need for law enforcement remains the paramount
duty of the police, there is an ever increasing demand in the other areas of policing. This is
especially true where crowd management is required. Generally speaking, the role of police at
events is to enforce laws and to manage crowds on or adjoining public property in cooperation
and with the necessary support of the facility operator and/or event promoter.
According to Masterman (2014), it can be said that fire division is also responsible for
effective management of crowd. It is necessary for event organisers to focus on standards of fire
department such proper entry and exit routes must be blue printed so that in case of emergency
situation the key aspects can be referred properly. It is also necessary for fire division to ensure
that facilities are being scheduled properly. Inspection about the standards is also essential so
that crowd management planning can be referred so that key outcome can be attained in desired
manner. Gration, Raciti, Getz and Andersson, (2016) has contended that facility management
team also focuses on the reducing the risk regarding crowd management. For example, the
facility management team is not having a coordination with the other respective authorities in
hazardous situation. It might be possible that crowd may get tensed which will create a worse
situation due to lack of support from other authorities. It is necessary for entity and experts to

ensure that such measures are properly measured so that goals and objectives are being
accomplished.
As per view of Liu, Sparks and Coghlan, (2017), the crowd control strategies application
is significant to refer by the company because it assist in effective identification of issues. In this,
number of pre level standards are being followed which allows to ensure that key outcome in
terms of sustainability are well maintained. With proper consideration of measures the current
practice can be compared with the management so that goals and objectives can be
accomplished. With an application of standards in terms of crowd management the issues can be
resolved which assist in leading an event to great success. Cohen and Bruening, (2014) has
contended that by having an effective consideration of crowd controlling strategies the issues in
terms of safety can be evaluated. By having a proper application of measures in regard to risk
identification the issues need to be overcome. With an application of such strategies the event
management firm can have building of team for kind of anticipated elements which can affect
the overall development. It is also necessary for business entity to have sustainable development
in terms of potential complications so that key norms are being evaluated.
Risk that impacts management of an event
According to Amorin, Gandara, Tarlow and Korstanje (2014), there are number of risk
and issues which impacts the day to day application of event management operations. It is
necessary for event management firm to have consideration of diverse risk in appropriate manner
so that issues can be resolved in order to have sustainable development. One of the key that a
company can face in organising an event is rise in cost. If standards in event are not according to
key principles then it will force to have changes in overall practice which will increase the
overall cost. It is necessary for business firm to have effective development of key measures so
that long term sustainability can be well maintained in order to accomplish key goals and
objectives. Ravaud (2014) has said that in recent years the event organisers has focused on
discount so that cost can be controlled with an effective promotion of creative practice. It has
been noticed that number of event organiser’s faces issue of cost due to advanced focus on
creative values. With an application of key measures the overall practice is being designed so
that key norms can be evaluated. In addition to this, it can be said that by having an effective
consideration of key measures in regard to short lead times can also influence the overall
development in desire manner. It has been noticed that if proper time is not allocated then it will

create an issue regard to sustainable measures. It might be possible that such aspect may also
lead event to great failure. Masterman (2014), has contended that the risk of financial sources is
also a critical issue which need to be referred by management. If such aspects are not considered
then it will impact the overall management and create diverse issues. It is necessary for
management to ensure about diverse sources that can be accessed in order to attain the
information. Along with this, risk in regard to damage to facilities is also a critical aspect which
can affect the sustainable development. It has been noticed that if equipment’s and set up used in
the event is not as per standards then it will impact the facilities in negative manner.
Gration, Raciti, Getz and Andersson, (2016) has asserted that risk in terms of safety
measures also affect the effectiveness of overall event. It has been noticed that if entry and exit is
not proper as per standards then in situation of crowd the injury issues can be faced. Along with
this, proper spacing in bracketing is also essential so that measures can be developed. By having
an effective consideration of measures the issues can be overcome. If safety standards in terms of
fire and other values is also not appropriate then it will also impact the working in diverse
manner. It has been noticed that key terms in regard to values will also assist in sustainable
development.
Methods to overcome risk in event management
As per the view of Liu, Sparks and Coghlan, (2017), there are number of risk which need
to be referred by event management firm in order to ensure about key values. It has been noticed
that key outcome in regard to event management is greatly dependent over input. It means the
standards in terms of input sources need to be advanced so that key outcome can be advanced. It
has been noticed that setting out risk meetings with all members is also beneficial for improving
sustainable opportunities. By having an effective consideration of team members efforts in
regard to risk identification the issues can be overcome. It is also necessary for management to
have effective consideration of responsibility allocation in shared manner is also effective to
overcome issues. Cohen and Bruening, (2014) has contended that company can also ask to
members in order to take suggestions about issues which impact the key outcome. It has been
noticed that members can provide appropriate learning in regard to ways that can assist in
sustainable development. By having an appropriate involvement of people in risk identification
will also allow to have sustainable opportunities. Include risks that relate to change in client

strategy, breakdown of trust and interpersonal relationships. It allows to ensure that proper
strategy is being taken into account so that better outcome can be attained.
Amorin, Gandara, Tarlow and Korstanje (2014), has asserted that mitigation ways also
need to be referred so that key outcome can be accomplished. By having an effective
consideration of key goals and objectives the sustainable development also need to be referred.
Use of risk maps is also necessary to consider so that better opportunities can be attained.
Relationship between diverse risks also need to be identified so that a common method can be
employed in order to resolve the issue. It is also significant to have focus on effective
communication so that key norms can be taken into account. By having a proper communication
the appropriate message need to be shared among members regarding risk so that overall aspects
can be developed. Cheng and Jarvis (2010) has also argued that application of time management
strategies is also significant to refer so that allocation of resources can be advanced. It allows to
attract more customers and ensure that sustainable values are being attained. It is also necessary
for setting out short term and long term planning so that measures can be taken into account. It
will assist in ensure that risk is being resolved and lead event to better success. Along with this,
purpose of event is also necessary to refer so that key values can be well maintained. Awareness
about the motive or event and risk factor impact is also need to be shared so that issue can be
resolved.
Ways to advance crowd management
According to Emery (2010), there are number of methods which can be employed by
firm in order to have effective consideration of crowd management so that goals and objectives
can be accomplished. It has been noticed that planning is necessary so that it can be ensure that
how people will have entry and exit. It will make understand about the measures which will
assist in overall development. By having an appropriate consideration of layout the issues can be
resolved and lead to better success. Amorin, Gandara, Tarlow and Korstanje (2014), has
contended that presence of underground services at the venue also need to be referred. It might
allow to analyse the risk so that better strategies can be framed. Along with this, it has been
noticed that identification of number of audience also need to be estimated so that goals and
objectives can be accomplished. By having a sustainable values in terms of crowd pressure
identification the measures can be employed. It will allow to have determination of barriers so
that key opportunities can be attained.

As per the view of Getz, (2012) , the management of event firm also need to focus on
capacity planning so that better outcome can be attained. It has been noticed that by having an
effective consideration of capacity planning the management can easily have evaluation of
factors which can assist in improving method.
Figure 1Layout
Consideration of proper designing of event venue layout the issue can be resolved. It is
because the input and output control can be advanced with an application of layout. With an
assistance of this, demand and supply can be controlled so that issue of hazardous situation can
be resolved. It has been noticed that application of measures in regard to sustainable
development.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
Methodology is being referred as key aspect in the dissertation because it allows to have
systematic analysis so that key outcome can be accomplished. It has been witnessed that use of
research strategy can be referred so that a particular direction can be provided to the study in
order to meet objectives. It will assist researcher to have better presentation of key values so that
research study key aspects can be well maintained. It has been noticed that particular section is
effectively focused towards different tools and techniques which are being used in research. With
an application of such tools the impact of crowd control and management on an event can be
analysed in desired manner (Bak, 2011). By having application of diverse practices like research
design, philosophy, research approach, research objectives can be accomplished. In order to have
determination of measures that can be employed by Seven Events LTD to advance crowd control
and management the application data collection and analysis practice is being taken into account.
With an assistance of this, the report can assist researcher to have conclusion presented in valid
and reliable manner. It will also assist in providing an understanding about the ethical norms
which are essential for effective research study (Saunders, Lyon, and Möllering, 2012).
Research Philosophy
As per detailed study of research methodology concept the interpretivism and positivism
are two methods which are mostly being employed in order to accomplish the studies. It is
necessary to have proper selection of philosophy as per key standards so that objectives can be
accomplished. In addition to this, it can be said that for effective analysis of the impact of crowd
control and management on an event in relation to Seven Events LTD the application of
interpretivism values is being taken into account. Key reason behind the use of interpretivism
philosophy is to explore risk which impacts crowd control management of an event. In addition
to this, positivism philosophy is not being considered by the experts because it is not according
to nature of the study (Creswell, 2013). Positivism is applied in those study which are based on
some particular evidences or the aims and objectives of report can be achieved only the basis of
evidence or proof. However, such requirements are not available in the study so application of
interpretivism aspects is being taken into account. With an application of interpretivism
philosophy the researcher has observed the secondary sources information in order to understand
the significance of crowd control and management tactics within event. It will also provide a

logical interpretation of secondary sources in order to accomplish framed objectives (Gibaldi,
2010).
Research Design
In every study, the consideration of research design is being referred as most significant
tool because it provides a support to other techniques used in the study. By having an effective
reference of key values the key concept of crowd control management can be understand in
desired manner. In addition to this, it can be said that descriptive research is being employed in
order to have analysis of the impact of crowd control and management on an event in relation to
Seven Events LTD. It has allowed to collection in-depth information about the subject from
accessing number of resources (Merriam, 2009). It will also provide a support in gaining deep
insight about the subject of study. By having an actual understanding about the measures which
are useful for Seven Events LTD to advance crowd control and management the objective can be
accomplished. In addition to this, it can be said that descriptive study provides an allocation of
secondary resources in appropriate manner so that different elements associated with the study
can be evaluated. It also helps in ensure that facts are figures are presented in study properly so
that key outcome can be accomplished. It has facilitated in identify the risk which impacts crowd
control management of an event (Ridley, 2012).
Research Approach
Research technique considered in form of approach is essential for the researcher because
it allows to develop understanding in regard to subject. In this, generalise information as well as
specific information collection can be taken into account as per the requirement of the study. In
regard to have effective application of approach in present study the inductive approach is being
employed. Key rational employing the inductive approach is that it provides and generalise to
specific information. It has facilitated effectively in analysing the impact of crowd control and
management on an event in relation to Seven Events LTD. It has been noticed that application of
deductive approach for present study is not appropriate because it is not according to other
measures which are essentially applied in the study (Jackson, 2010). By having an analysis and
collection of information in desired manner the learning about diverse crowd controlling
activities is being developed. It can assist business firm to ensure that risk in regard to crowd
management is being evaluated so that event can attain better success. It has also allowed

researcher to analyse involvement of people in risk identification and its impact on the
sustainable opportunities (Chui, 2017).
Research Type
In every dissertation and research study, it is essential to have better understanding in
regard to measures which are essential for meeting the standards. It has been noticed that for
assessing the impact of crowd control and management on an event in relation to Seven Events
LTD the consideration of both qualitative and quantitative aspects is being taken into account. It
has been noticed that quantitative measures in regard to impact of crowd management is
necessary to refer (Saunders, 2016). It will allow to have understanding about different kinds of
risk impacts crowd control management of an event. In qualitative research the theoretical
presentation of information has been referred so that key outcome can be accomplished. By
having an effective consideration of key norms the objectives of study can be meet.
In addition to this, quantitative aspect of research has allowed to present the graphs and
practical knowledge about crowd control planning. By having an effective application of such
standards the understanding about the subject has been referred properly (Singh, 2010). In this,
in-depth information about the risk which impacts crowd control management of an event has
been provided. It allows to advance the key sustainability and ensure that outcome of the study is
being taken into account. By having an appropriate consideration of both the techniques, issues
in terms of event management can also be referred.
Data Collection
There are basically two kinds of data collection methods which are being considered by
several researchers. Classification of methods can be primary and secondary resources. Primary
method is all about designing a process which is being initiated by own to gather information. In
this, interview, questionnaire, etc are being accessed. On the other side, secondary sources are
considered as collection of information from previous researchers and articles. Secondary
method of data collection was also used in the report which is also essential to examine the views
and findings of different researchers and authors that which measures can be employed by Seven
Events LTD to advance crowd control and management. In addition to this, it can be said that by
having an accessing sources like books, journals and online sources which provide information
about event management (Bak, 2011). Experts has attained actual information and lead to
effective accomplishment of objectives. In addition to this, it can be can be said that challenges

in event management firm can also be identified effectively. By having an appropriate
consideration of secondary sources the authentic and reliable information has been identified in
respect to the subject. Appropriate reading and observation of previous report and studies is
being taken into account for appropriate learning about the study (Saunders, Lyon, and
Möllering, 2012).
Data Analysis
It is necessary for researcher to have effective analysis of collected information so that
objectives of study can be attained properly. It has been noticed that qualitative and quantitative
technique of data analysis has been employed by the scholars for effective interpretation of
secondary sources. In addition to this, it can be said that data analysis is referred as one of most
significant tool which is being used to have presented of data. Different themes are being framed
on the basis of objectives so that goals and objectives can be accomplished (Creswell, 2013). It
has been noticed that themes will provide theoretical as well as practical learning about diverse
crowd control measures which are essential for sustainable opportunities. As present study is
based on secondary sources so the information will be interpreted in two key areas such as
literature review and data analysis section. By having an effective consideration of qualitative
and quantitative measures the results of the study will be recorded in more specific and accurate
manner (Gibaldi, 2010). It will assist in make sure that crowd control and management tactics
within event is significant for organisation. It has been noticed that by having an actual
information gathering and interpretation in theoretical and practical manner the research problem
can be addressed properly.
Validity and Reliability
Validity and reliability is considered as one of key measure which assist in effective
accomplishment of the study. It has been noticed that validity and reliability is considered as
aspect which deliver effective findings and conclusion of study. In order to maintain the validity
of the study the experts has focused on number of articles so that review in literature can be
presented more effectively. Appropriate consideration of diverse literature allows to have
effective gathering of information so that objectives can be accomplished (Merriam, 2009).
Number of authors written statement are being reviewed to have collection so that information
collected is must be valid. Only latest information is being collected to ensure about the validity
aspect. It also allows to have better sustainability so that key goals and objectives can be taken

into account. Secondary sources which were used in the study were also accessed reliable
manner so that valid findings and conclusions can be detailed in the report. It has also been
ensure that source used must have relevance to the subject. With an application of validity and
reliability measures the identification of risk measures which impacts crowd control management
of an event can be accomplished. It also helps in diverse elements associated with event
management practice (Ridley, 2012).
Ethical Consideration
Ethics in practice is most critical value because it assist in make sure that outcome of the
study is being attained in systematic manner. In addition to this, it can be said that present study
is performed with a consideration of ethical research standards. It has provided proper detailing
about impact of crowd control and management on an event in relation to Seven Events LTD. In
order to meet the ethical standards the information about purpose and objectives is being shared
properly with the volunteers so that they can understand the significance of study (Jackson,
2010). Along with this, secondary sources accessed are only be considered in ethical manner.
Any kind of unethical practice is not being shared in order to have sustainable opportunities.
Ethical consideration is also one key reason behind promotion of validity and reliability factor
within study.
Limitations
Every research study has few limitations which need to be referred by management so that
key outcome in regard to study can be advanced. One of key limitation of the present study is
that very less research articles and secondary sources are available which has created barrier.
Along with this, consideration of lack of funds is also a limitation. It has been noticed that most
of articles were paid on online platforms so due to lack of funds the essential information about
subject is missed which has affected overall effectiveness of practice.

DATA ANALYSIS
Crowd Management
As per the view of Capriello and Rotherham (2011), crowd management is considered as
key concept which plays key role in every event success. If any event of Seven Events LTD, the
business firm is facing an issue of crowd management then it will affect the success of event as
well. For example, company has organised a sports event but the ticket allocation is not
appropriate as per guidelines then it might create a mismanagement of crowd. It might also affect
the behaviour of participators and create an irritation. It indicates that overall development in
terms of sustainability is essential so that measures can be taken into account. Cheng and Jarvis
(2010) has contended that by having an effective consideration of crowd management planning
the appropriate communication about standards need to be taken into account. It allows to have
sustainable opportunities in terms of event success. If crowd management is not appropriate then
it will create a situation where number of people will not feel comfortable. Along with this, in
emergency situation the issue of convenience can been raised. It will impact the issue in regard
to event sustainability can be identified. Facility management has the obligation to protect their
patrons and these managers must also have an effective crowd management plan in
order to protect the character and image of the team and facility. In addition to this, it can be said that
event management practice might be affected due to improper facility management. If such measures
are not properly referred then it will create a situation of hazardous.
Emery (2010) has contended that there are number of crowd management techniques
which need to be employed by every business. As same the management of Seven Events LTD
also need to focus on activity named way finding optimisation. It means it is necessary for
experts to identify a way at the venue through which maximum number of people can have entry
and exit without any kind of inconvenience. If measures regarding crowd management are not
appropriate then it will create an issue of hazardous situation. By have consideration of standards
in regard to way finding the proper direction can be provided to customers. Getz, (2012) has said
that application of such approach will allow you to have appropriate pathway and instruction so
that standards can be well maintained. It means the reference of key areas like checkouts, searing
areas, waiting area, etc is essential to refer so that goals and objectives can be accomplished. By
having an appropriate consideration of measures in regard to design and optimise way finding
approach the issue of crowd management can be resolved. In addition to this, it can be said that

application of queue management is essential so that event can be lead to great success.
According to Masterman (2014), queue management is referred as technique which must be
employed at the check points. It has been noticed that waiting in line can cause tension among a
large group of impatient, tired, or excited people, crowd control issues can easily arise if queuing
is not handled properly. With an effective consideration of proper in-line entertainment the issue
can be resolved. It is a practice which will allow members to get entertain in the line so that they
will not get bored. It will assist in effective development of crowd management practice for
better success of event.
Role of crowd managers
According to Marcozzi and Memish (2012), crowd managers plays a critical role in
development of activities so that issue of crowd management can be taken into account. It has
been noticed that crowd managers of Seven Events LTD must have accountability for all the
planning of crowd related subjects. These steps must be referred before organising a festival so
that duties can be accomplished in manner to lead event to great success. In planning the
manager need to focus on factors like creating crowd management routines. Along with this,
calculation of maximum visitor capacity is also necessary to refer so that standards can be set out
in desired manner. Lease and Horton, (2013) has contended that consideration of risk profiles is
also essential because it assist in meeting key goals and objectives. With an assistance of this,
key risk are being identified so that long term strategies can be framed in order to meet
objectives. In addition to this, it can be said that barriers can be overcome effectively with an
application of diverse standards so that goals and objective can be accomplished. It has been
witnessed that crowd managers planning must have consideration of modelling. For example,
there must be proper designing of activities and its analysis on the crowd capacity. If experts are
not having proper involvement in the planning of crowd management activities then it will
influence the overall development in diverse manner.
Oh and Kishore, (2013) has argued that application of digital tools is also need to be
referred by crowd managers in order to have proper designing and monitoring on the event. For
example, the application of 3d model the managers can have overview of venue on the basis of
which decision about checkpoints and exit gate can be taken into account. It has been witnessed
that proper discussion with all authorities is also essential because it assist in meeting key goals
and objectives. One of key aspect that a crowd manager need to refer is regarding coordination

with the safety department so that key measures can be taken into account properly. Along with
this, production department and site department coordination with the activities is also essential
to refer so that key norms must be taken into account for sustainability.
Dawson and Bynghall, (2012) has asserted that monitoring of overall process is also one
of key accountability which allows to have effective accomplishment of event. It is necessary for
crowd manager to keep tracking the people are feeling comfortable and not facing any kind of
issue during the event. It is also significant to have monitoring through moving freely within all
over the venue. Also, updating information about the risk profile on continuous basis is also
significant so that goals and objectives can be accomplished. In addition to this, it can be said
that one of key task of crowd manager is to have focus on moderating the crowd pen density so
that proper monitoring can be taken into account. Bertino and Dustdar, (2013) has argued that
proper consideration and evaluation of nearby areas is also necessary so that in situation of risk
the proper planned action can be taken into account.
Crowd management routines
As per the view of Schall and Dustdar, (2013), crowd management routines are
considered as one of key aspect which can advance the overall practice and ensure that
sustainable values are being promoted. It has been witnessed that crowd management routine is
referred as predetermined way that allows to manage number of criteria in respect to crowd flow
and gathering of people. It indicates that proper process and standards must be framed in order to
have sustainable values and ensure that event is being accomplished in successive manner.
It has been noticed that by having an effective predetermination of the activities
regarding managing the crowd the work process can be advanced. It is necessary for checking
the entrance so that standards can be well maintained. Wei and Fan, (2011) has asserted that
crowd management routines can be accomplished properly by having an appropriate
classification of code names. In this, the information is being shared in respect to particular
density so that standards can be accomplished. Along with this, proper instructions must be
provided to members so that they can have actual information about the route. It allows to have
proper overview of practice that how the guest will re4ach to the stage, etc. Proper print and
layout must be shared with the members so that issue in terms of CMR can be accomplished. By
having an actual learning in respect to crowd management routines the overall issue can be
overcome.

Figure 2: Layout of venue
1. Entrance to stage
2. Exit only
3. Crowd pen
4. Entrance to crowd pen point
5. Start of the cue
According to Marcus and Parameswaran, (2015), consideration of layout is most essential
because it assist in meeting objectives. In addition to this, it can be said that by having an
effective application of routine and layout the issue in terms of crowd management can be
resolved. It has been noticed that all the activities are being managed in systematic way.
Entrance and exit points are also being framed as per key standards and need of event. With an
assistance of this, key norms in regard to valuation of practice is also essential so that objective
can be accomplished. A lot of visitors started trying to find a way to skip into the line further
ahead and the safety volunteers standing there were not at this point trying to hinder them and
tell them to stand at the back of the line. It indicates that through proper consideration of practice
and standards the volunteers can easily manage crowd. It will also provide convenience to the all
guest and ensure that event is being accomplished in proper manner. Helbing and Mukerji,
(2012) has contended that an event success is also dependent upon the behaviour and support of
volunteers which need to be referred. If such measures are not properly maintained then it will
affect the working in desired manner. It has been noticed that after completing the event it is also
necessary for experts to have evaluation of all aspects which has been taken into account during
event. With an assistance of this, key measures in regard to valuation is also essential so that key
norms can be accomplished. It is also necessary to evaluate does the guests were irritated at any

stage. If yes, the reasons must be find out in appropriate manner so that further additional actions
can be taken into account.
In addition to this, it can be said that by having an actual information in regard to have CMR
the degree of differentiation is also necessary to consider. According to Marcozzi and Memish,
(2012), by having reference of layout the issues in terms of sustainability can be accomplished.
Proper categories must be framed in order to have evaluation of methods the issues can be
overcome. It has been noticed that organising is a function which need to be referred by manager
so that in significant manner so that goals and objectives can be accomplished. Accurate and
easily accessible information and clear rules are of course vital to the realization of a large music
festival and there are endless examples of this in all parts of the data. This includes everything
from information on the web before the festival to signs, maps, dynamic information on large
video screens, verbal information from the staff. Such kind of practice also improves the
sustainability and ensure that key outcome are being accomplished properly. Zaslavsky and
Arbon (2013) has contended that mutual understanding about the subject is also essential so that
key norm can be accomplished. By having an appropriate learning in respect to mitigation
process. If members are not having an appropriate information about the mitigation process then
it will affect the working in diverse manner. It is necessary to ensure that standards are being
employed properly so that issue of hazardous situation due to improper crowd management can
be controlled. With an application of such values the measures need be referred in desired
manner.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
As per the above study, it can be concluded that event management is considered as one
of most critical aspect which need to be referred by organisation. By having an actual
information in regard to diverse factors that relates the event management the businesses like
Seven Events LTD can accomplish objectives. In addition to this, it can be said that crowd
management is all about maintaining the issue in respect to crowd security. Crowd controlling
allows to have focus on the activities that managed the outbreak of crowd crushes, affray, fights
involving drunk and disorderly people or riots. It has been noticed that by having an actual
learning in respect to crowd management the success of event can be advanced. It is also being
considered as critical part of security practice so that crowd can be safe from any kind of
hazardous situation. In addition to this, it can be said that Task force of any event must have
consideration of public safety values. It became increasingly clear that the primary factor in
assuring a safe and comfortable environment for large crowds is the planning for their
management.
In addition to this, it has been noticed that risk also impacts the event management
operations. By having an effective consideration of diverse standards the event management
practice can be advanced and lead the business to impressive level of success. One of key risk is
regarding security which might affect the overall development in diverse manner. With an
application of diverse standards in regard to bracketing and check points the issue can be
resolved. It is also necessary to have allocation of standards in respect to measures of layout. It
helps in make sure that proper entry and exit gates are being framed so that crowd management
practice can be advanced. Along with this, improper information among volunteers and members
regarding venue and check points can also influence the practice in diverse manner. By having
an actual information in regard to sustainable development the crowd management can be
promoted. It has been noticed that if entry and exit is not proper as per standards then in situation
of crowd the injury issues can be faced. Along with this, proper spacing in bracketing is also
essential so that measures can be developed. By having an effective consideration of measures
the issues can be overcome.
In order to have proper understanding about the crowd management the planning also
plays a critical role because it assist in ensure about the standards. With an application of

planning standards the issues in terms of risk identification can be resolved. It has been noticed
that if risk in regard to event is not being identified then it will affect the development. It is
because the working is dependent over the risk factors management so that guest at the event can
feel convenient. Along with this, it has been witnessed that capacity planning is also significant
to refer so that overall performance can be advanced. If company and organisers are not having
actual information in regard to capacity of venue then it might be possible that expected of guest
at event might be differ. For example, the company has not focused on capacity planning and
made an arrangement according to 200 persons but the actual number of visitors recorded was
500 persons. In such situation the crowd might not feel comfortable due to lack of space. In such
situation if members are having focus on capacity planning then it will provide an actual estimate
of area and persons. According to such values the company can frame strategies to control the
issue and ensure that event is being organised successfully.
Recommendation
According to detailed analysis of all the information there are number of ways that an
organisation can adopt in order to have effective event management. It is necessary for
management to ensure about the communication process. In addition to this, it can be said that
with an application of effective communication the members can have proper sharing of
information about key factors. It will also allow to have identification of risk so that number of
values can be framed in order to deal with the issues. It is also significant for business entity to
have effective consideration of quality solutions the performance can be improved. With an
application of such norms in regard to sustainability the issues can be resolved.
In addition to this, it can be said that by having an effective consideration of crowd
control barriers and other tools the standards in regard to crowd control can be advanced. It also
allows to advance the performance and ensure that key capabilities are being resolved. Effective
strategic planning is also need to be promoted so that goals and objectives can be accomplished.
Proper consideration of designing in respect to first and last check point is also essential. It is
because the customer flow in regard to event management can be overcome. By having an
effective consideration of crowd management planning the appropriate communication about
standards need to be taken into account. It allows to have sustainable opportunities in terms of
event success. If crowd management is not appropriate then it will create a situation where
number of people will not feel comfortable. Along with this, in emergency situation the issue of

convenience can been raised. It will allow company to have effective consideration of measures
so that goals and objectives can be accomplished. It has been noticed that company also focus on
risk meetings in order to ensure that key standards are being accomplished. With a proper
consideration of diverse measures the issues can be resolved and lead to impressive level of
success. Along with this, it has been noticed that presence of underground services at the venue
also need to be referred. It might allow to analyse the risk so that better strategies can be framed.
Along with this, it has been noticed that identification of number of audience also need to be
estimated so that goals and objectives can be accomplished. By having a sustainable values in
terms of crowd pressure identification the measures can be employed.
It has been noticed that proving a live training to employees in regard to crowd
management is also essential to refer because it helps in improving skills. By having an effective
consideration of skills development the management need to advance the working and ensure
that risk is being controlled properly.
Further studies
Other than this, it has been noticed that the present study is significant for event
management companies because it allows to have effective understanding about crowd control.
In order to have effective learning about the values related to event management the further
studies can be taken into account. Additional study on risk that affect event management
operations can be conducted. It will make understand about the key values in regard to event
management and diverse factors which affect the development. By having an actual learning
about such values the issues can be resolved and long term sustainability can be accomplished.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Amorin, E., Gandara, J.M., Tarlow, P. and Korstanje, M.E., 2014. Event Management, Risk and
Security: Brazil 2014 FIFA World Cup. International Journal of Safety and Security in
Tourism and Hospitality. 1(6). pp.43.
Bak, O., 2011. The Role of Qualitative Research in a Mixed Methods Study - Assessing the e-
Business Enabled Transformation in a Strategic Business Unit. Qualitative Research
Journal. 11(2). pp.76 – 84.
Basarin, V.J. and Lockstone-Binney, L., 2010. An empirical analysis of attendance at a
commemorative event: Anzac Day at Gallipoli. International journal of hospitality
management. 29(2). pp.245-253.
Bertino, E. and Dustdar, S., 2013. Quality control in crowdsourcing systems: Issues and
directions. IEEE Internet Computing. 17(2). pp.76-81.
Capriello, A. and Rotherham, I.D., 2011. Building a preliminary model of event management for
rural communities. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management. 20(3-4). pp.246-
264.
Cattani, K. and Pastore, D., 2011. Assessment of event quality in major spectator
sports. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal. 21(3). pp.304-322.
Cheng, E. and Jarvis, N., 2010. Residents' perception of the social-cultural impacts of the 2008
Formula 1 Singtel Singapore Grand Prix. Event Management. 14(2). pp.91-106.
Chui, W., 2017. Research Methods for Law. Edinburgh University Press.
Creswell, J. W., 2013. Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 4th ed. SAGE
Publications, Inc.
Dawson, R. and Bynghall, S., 2012. Getting results from crowds. San Francisco, CA: Advanced
Human Technologies.
Emery, P., 2010. Past, present, future major sport event management practice: The practitioner
perspective. Sport management review. 13(2). pp.158-170.
Getz, D., 2012. Event studies: discourses and future directions. Event Management. 16(2).
pp.171-187.
Gibaldi, J., 2010. Handbook of Writers of Research Papers. 7th ed. Modern Language
Association of India.
Gration, D., Raciti, M., Getz, D. and Andersson, T.D., 2016. Resident Valuation of Planned
Events: An Event Portfolio Pilot Study. Event Management. 20(4). pp.607-622.
Helbing, D. and Mukerji, P., 2012. Crowd disasters as systemic failures: analysis of the Love
Parade disaster. EPJ Data Science. 1(1). pp.7.
Jackson, L.S., 2010. Research Methods and Statistics: A Critical Thinking Approach. 3rd ed.
Cengage Learning.

Kim, M., Kim, M.K. and Odio, M.A., 2010. Are you proud?: The influence of sport and
community identity and job satisfaction on pride of mega-event volunteers. Event
Management. 14(2). pp.127-136.
Lease, M. and Horton, J., 2013. February. The future of crowd work. In Proceedings of the 2013
conference on Computer supported cooperative work. pp. 1301-1318.
Liu, W., Sparks, B. and Coghlan, A., 2017. Event Experiences Through the Lens of
Attendees. Event Management. 21(4). pp.463-479.
Marcozzi, D. and Memish, Z.A., 2012. Crowd and environmental management during mass
gatherings. The Lancet infectious diseases. 12(2). pp.150-156.
Marcozzi, D. and Memish, Z.A., 2012. Crowd and environmental management during mass
gatherings. The Lancet infectious diseases. 12(2). pp.150-156.
Marcus, A. and Parameswaran, A., 2015. Crowdsourced data management: Industry and
academic perspectives. Foundations and Trends® in Databases. 6(1-2). pp.1-161.
Masterman, G., 2014. Strategic sports event management. Routledge.
Merriam, B. S., 2009. Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. 3rd ed. John
Wiley & Sons.
Oh, O. and Kishore, R., 2013. Rules of crowdsourcing: Models, issues, and systems of
control. Information Systems Management. 30(1). pp.2-20.
Peachey, J.W., Cunningham, G., Lyras, A., Cohen, A. and Bruening, J., 2014. Exploring
participant motivations to take part in an elite, multinational, sport-for-development
event. Event Management. 18(2). pp.153-168.
Preston, C., 2012. Event marketing: how to successfully promote events, festivals, conventions,
and expositions. Wiley.
Quinn, B., 2013. Key concepts in event management. Sage.
R.C. and Bigham, J.P., 2011. October. Real-time crowd control of existing interfaces.
In Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and
technology. pp. 23-32.
Ravaud, A., 2011. Treatment-associated adverse event management in the advanced renal cell
carcinoma patient treated with targeted therapies. The oncologist. 16(Supplement 2).
pp.32-44.
Ravaud, A., 2014. Adverse event management in patients with advanced cancer receiving oral
everolimus: focus on breast cancer. Annals of oncology. 25(4). pp.763-773.
Ridley, D., 2012. The Literature Review: A Step-by-Step Guide for Students. SAGE.
Saunders, M. et. al., 2016. Research Methods for Business Students, Harlow: Prentice Hall.
Saunders, M., 2013. Research Methods for Business Students. Pearson Education India.
Saunders, M., Lyon, F. and Möllering, G., 2012. Research Methods. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Schall, D. and Dustdar, S., 2013. Auction-based crowdsourcing supporting skill
management. Information Systems. 38(4). pp.547-560.
Singh, K., 2010. Research Methodology. APH Publishing.
Soprovich, G.F., Rokui, R. and Qiu, L., Soprovich Greg F, 2010. Method and apparatus for
protocol event management. U.S. Patent Application 12/894,733.

Sreedharan, 2007. A Manual of Historical Research Methodology. South Indian Studies.
Stake, R. E., 2005. Quantitative case studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Tracy, J. S., 2012. Qualitative Research Methods: Collecting Evidence, Crafting Analysis,
Communicating Impact. John Wiley & Sons.
Veal, A.J. and Burton, C., 2015. Research methods for arts and event management.
Wei, S. and Fan, Y., 2011. July. The large-scale crowd density estimation based on sparse
spatiotemporal local binary pattern. In Multimedia and Expo (ICME), 2011 IEEE
International Conference on. pp. 1-6.
Zaslavsky, A. and Arbon, P., 2013. Development and evaluation of ontology for intelligent
decision support in medical emergency management for mass gatherings. Decision
Support Systems. 54(2). pp.1192-1204.
Online
Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research. 2015. [pdf]. Available through:
<http://www.uk.sagepub.com/upm-data/38123_Chapter2.pdf >.