Analyze Marketing and Communication Theories

The assignment provided is an in-depth analysis of various marketing and communication theories. It covers the AIDA model in marketing, which stands for Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action, and provides a detailed illustration of its components. Additionally, it discusses the elements of the communication process, including encoding, decoding, transmission, reception, feedback, and noise. Furthermore, it touches on integrated marketing communication, which involves synchronizing all forms of marketing communication to create a unified message. The assignment also includes references to various studies and research papers that have explored these concepts in detail.

MARKETING
COMMUNICATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK1.............................................................................................................................................3
A. Analyses of the range of products and profiling of target market. Critical evaluation of
numerous marketing communications tools and techniques.......................................................3
TASK2.............................................................................................................................................9
B. Strategic marketing communication plan and evaluation of all the elements of
communication process...............................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFRENCE...................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Marketing communications are the messages and related media that are used to
communicate with a market. This concept is taken into account by the management of the
organisation to create a relationship with various audiences (Ashley and Tuten, 2015). There are
various aspects and elements of marketing communication which are changing due to the
dynamic business environment. Organisation undertaken in this report is BMW which deals in
auto mobile industry and deals in cars, motor cycles, engines, etc. This report will explain the
range of products and profiling of target market. It will illustrate the critical evaluation of the
various marketing communication tools. Then, it will devise a strategic marketing
communication plan and later part of the report will evaluate various elements of communication
process.
TASK1
A. Analyses of the range of products and profiling of target market. Critical evaluation of
numerous marketing communications tools and techniques.
Marketing communication is the manner or way which is usually adopted by the
companies so that they can communicate about the up gradation in the existing products or
launching new product in the market. It is important so that companies can create brand
awareness among the potential customers (Bacile and Swilley, 2014). They are those proficiency
which are used by the company or a businesses so that they can communicate the promotional
message relating to the products and services. The primary intention of marketing
communication is related to maximise the volume of sales.
Marketing communication is helpful for the management of the company in which the
marketing manager develops a strategic vision relating to the leverage on numerous marketing
opportunities and document which devices the plan that supports the company to bring in new
ways and ideas so that offerings of the customers can be encouraged towards the customers. It is
a useful technique for creating and developing awareness of the brands. This assist the company
in fostering the goodwill in the market with the help of their consistent and regular
communication strategies. For the purpose of attracting new customers and retaining the existing
ones, it is important for the marketing communication to be such that it can solve the problems of
the customers.

The BMW deals in auto mobile sectors and its products ranges of different varieties,
segments, models, with different specifications. The following are the different segments or
range of BMW namely, The BMW 1 series, The BMW 2 series coupe, The BMW 2 series
convertible, The BMW 2 series active tourer, The BMW 2 series Gran tourer, 3 series sedan, 3
series touring, 3 series Grand Turismo, 4 series coupe, 4 serious convertible, 5 series sedan, 5
series touring, 6 series Gran turismo, BMW X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, BMW Z4, BMW i8
COUPE, i8 roadster, etc.
Market profile is the combination of numerous conception which are relatable to the
target population and it targets the group of buyers. These are very crucial before forming the
marketing plans (Blakeman, 2018). This is essential before marketing a product because with the
help of this, BWM will be able to understand the customers by outlining their nature, character,
backgrounds, needs, interest and wants. It helps in recognising characteristics of customers,
behaviours and attributes. Therefore, BMW segments the market on the basis of demographic
factors. In this it includes those who have higher level of income and are concerned with status
and class.
The specific product which is taken into account is BMW Z4 which is a third generation
product which has arrived in the top spec fully loaded M40i guise. It is popular all over the world
and is a two seater convertible available. Apart from this, the model is highly concentrated on
the design, which gets a long bonnet along with classic soft top and short over hangs which
defines the characteristics roadster silhouette of the car. It has got innovative mesh grille and
differentiated up-sloped aligned LED headlights. Its large and airodymanic air vents on the front
wheel to enhance the sporty appeal of the car. It further offers driver with a seat memory
function and maximises storage space behind the seats with a retaining net, large cupholders
under the centre armest cover and roomy door pockets (Dahnil and et. al., 2014).
Marketing communication tools
These tools and techniques are the ways which are used by the companies to
communicate with the target audiences in different ways such that they are influenced and
attracted towards the products. These tools are the combination of various communication tools
of diversified programs to communicate with the target audience. Therefore, BMW will use
various communication or promotional tools while promoting its product in the market and they
are discussed below :

Advertising : It is the paid form of communication and promotion of ideas, products and
offerings which are offered by the company. It is a marketing plan of action which promotes a
product or service and the objective of advertising is concerned with reaching to the audiences
which are willing or have interest in purchasing the organisations products and services (Fill and
Turnbull, 2016). They are helpful in maximising the awareness of the brand of the company and
revealing the product to the target customers. It persuades the customers to re-create a specific
task which is the most crucial objectives of advertising. Apart from this, it will be useful for the
BMW in reinforcing the message of the BMW Z4 and renders reassurance to the current and
potential customers about the brand vision.
Characteristics
 Pervasive nature : Goals and objectives of the advertising is applicable to all types of
organisations. It is the continuous process which is used by the BMW to promote Z4 and
remind people regularly for new up gradations and is useful in maximising the sales and
profitability.
 Non personal in nature : There are numerous channels of communication which are non
personal in nature and helps the company to reach to its target audiences. It includes,
advertisements in newspaper, television, radio, internet, etc.
 Mass media : Mass communication and communication are two different terms which
happens between large, heterogeneous and among anonyms group of people. It reached
among the mass people and helps to target larger segment.
Positive and negative
Positive Negative
 It is a useful tool in communicating the
innovative and creative features and
designs of Z4 to the target audience.
 It will be a useful tool for Z4 in
expansion of the market which will not
only maximise the sales for the Z4 but
also creates a competitive advantage in
the business market.
 Many advertising can be misleading
about the false features and qualities of
the products offerings. This can create
loss of sales for Z4 if the BMW
markets the product by explaining those
features and benefits which the product
does not own in original sense.
 Another problem faced by the
advertising is that it is a expensive

process. For promoting the Z4, BMW
will have to invest the huge some of
money.
Sales promotion : This is concerned with those marketing communication techniques
which excite on customer purchasing and dealers effectualness. Due to the heterogeneity of the
marketplace, the value of sales promotion has maximised enormously. It helps to eradicate the
customer dis contentedness about the Z4 and builds the positive representation of the brand in
the minds of the customers (Finne and Grönroos, 2017). It is very crucial for the Z4 because it
spreads the important information about the availability, characteristics and usage of a peculiar
products. This further helps the BMW Z4 to set up a sales volume by pacifying the customers
about the quality and price of the Z4.
Characteristics
 It is a important element of marketing communication which generates customer for
immediate buying or affectivity of business deal (Iyer, Velu and Mumit, 2014).
 This consist of special selling efforts which are put in by the BMW for promoting Z4 for
s particular period of time with short term incentives and schemes are interpreted at
consumer, dealer and sales man level.
Positive and negative
Positive Negative
 It will be beneficial for the company to
promote Z4 by this method as this is
less expensive and economic in nature
and further allows customers to gain
knowledge.
 The activities which are included in
sales promotion are undertaken by the
manufacturers in the form of coupon
offers, samples and gifts, etc.
 The sales promotion alone cannot
generate positive results for the Z4 and
it involves advertising and personal
selling as well to boost the sales for the
BMW.
 There is a mental attitude on the portion
of all the state of affairs to apply the
correspondent know-how of sales
promotion at the same time. This type
of approach is not advantageous for all

the customer because, for instance, if
all the manufacturers of auto mobile
industry offers off season discount, than
consumer may not be able to decide
based on brand popularity.
Personal selling : It is concerned with the direct, face to face interaction between the
buyer and the seller of the company. In this, the sales person tries to outline the numerous
attributes to persuade the customer in purchasing a specific products and offerings (Jucaitytė and
Maščinskienė, 2014). This is a very effective method of marketing communication because it
creates personal touch and is useful in better understanding the pitch of the customer related to
the product.
Characteristics
Development of relations : As personal selling is concerned with the direct and face to
face interactions, it helps in establishing and developing relations between the seller and the
buyer.
Quick and rapid solutions : Direct and face to face conversation helps in quick
identification of the problems or issues faced by the customer.
Positive and negative
Positive Negative
 It is a two way communication which
helps the seller to get the instant
feedback from the respective buyer of
the BMW Z4.
 In this, the stress is given on building
and developing long lasting
relationships. Apart from this, it is a
flexible approach in which seller
customises the various policies
 The biggest weakness of negativity of
personal selling is that it does not cover
mass population (Kim and et. al.,
2014).
 It is the expensive approach when
BMW Z4 will take into consideration
the salary of the sales person,
commission, time taken to travel,
bonus, etc. These cost are incurable no

according to the needs of the customers
of BMW Z4.
matter sales occurs or not.
AIDA Model
It is a model which is used by the marketers to determine the various stages of selling
which are experienced by the customers. This model was developed by E. St. Elmo Lewis, in
1898 (Lilleker, 2015). The primary aim or purpose of this was to optimize the sales with the
help of interaction between the seller and buyer concerning with the offerings. In other words,
the process identifies the numerous stages through which customer goes through during the
purchasing process of the product or services. Therefore, the model is based on four stages
which are explained below :
 Awareness : This is related to the fact that first impression is the last impression.
Therefore, the product of the company must be such that it will attract the customers. For
this purpose, the BMW will promote the product on business magazines and
advertisements on televisions, airports, etc. by determining the features, design, style,
uniqueness, etc. of BMW Z4 to its target customers.
 Interest : When the company is able to create awareness among the potential customers,
than it will arise the interest in the mind set of the customer towards the product.
Therefore, BMW Z4 will provide special offers like test drive to its premium segment
customers, discounts on pre booking, free gift or vouchers on sale, etc. which will
influence the customer to think about the product.
 Desire : If interest has raised in the mind of the customers then, then the work of the
seller will be to persuade the customer regarding the product. Therefore, BMW Z4 will
create desire in the customer mind by revealing its extra ordinary features which itself is
a class and status (AIDA Model in Marketing, 2019).
 Action : In this, as soon as the desire has been created in the mind of the customer then it
must be converted into the action that is sale. At this stage, the seller of BMW Z4 will
communicate with the buyer, takes in all their queries and solves them by providing
satisfying solutions to the customer. In this the final sale is made.

Source : AIDA Model in Marketing. 2019
TASK2
B. Strategic marketing communication plan and evaluation of all the elements of communication
process.
Communication plan is a strategic plan which enables the organisations to communicate
with their target audiences effectively and efficiently (Lusch and Vargo, 2014). This is the
planning which is done to assure that there is a properly organised plan of actions which will
lead to accomplishment of the business goals and objectives. Therefore, the following is the
communication plan which will be develop by the BMW :
Mission : The mission statement of the company is to become the largest provider of
premium products and services for individual mobility in all over the world.
Illustration 1: AIDA Model in Marketing. 2019

Vision : The vision of the BMW 4Z is to make the driving experience of the individuals
astonishing and fascinating and renders theoretical visual percept into the future.
Business objectives : The primary objectives of the business is to make people believes
in the art of driving and boost the sales and profitability by encouraging and attracting people
towards the products.
Segmentation, targeting and positioning
Segmentation : It is referred to as the separation bigger and larger markets into smaller
ones by combining the markets which share similar needs and wants (McKay-Nesbitt and Yoon,
2015). In this, all the elements who are similar in characteristics and features are put together.
For instance, on the basis of demographic segmentation the BMW 4Z will segment the market
according to the age by considering 4Z effective for people who range from 25 years to 50 years
in age. Then on the basis of gender the company segments both male and female who are
involved in high skilled professions with higher jobs and higher level of income. Then on the
basis of behavioural segmentation, the BMW 4Z is segmenting the market on consumption
pattern of the people which will relate to the luxury, safety, maximum speed, brand image,
design, style, etc. Then on the basis of Psychograhic segmentation, the market will be segmented
for BMW 4Z concerning with the social class, it will relate to the upper class people who are
influenced with the class and status.
Targeting : It is concerned with identification and analyses of the target market which
requires customised marketing campaign which request to the people towards their products and
offerings (Porcu, Del Barrio-Garcia and Kitchen 2017). Therefore, BMW 4Z targets people who
have successful image in the business and market, clear modern look and are aspiring for luxury
car. This targets people who are in range of 25 years to 50 years in age and have higher level of
income. They also targets the youth and people who are more concerned with social status, class,
quality, design and performance of the product rather than its price.
Positioning : BMW is a brand that has establishes itself as a producer of luxury auto
mobiles. It wants to position itself as a car that is the ultimate driving machine which not only
offers higher performance but a premium price. It is highly beneficial and satisfactory to those
customer who wants superiority, luxury, safety, quality, reliability, etc.
SWOT analyses

This analyses or instrument is used by the companies so that they can measure the
effectiveness and companies competitive position which will be useful in developing strategic
marketing and communication plans (Royle and Laing 2014). This is advantageous for the
organisation so that they can grab the external opportunities and overcome the threat which lies
outside the organisation. Similarly, it will be useful for identifying the strength which will used
as a powerful resources and weakness that can affect the company in accomplishing business
goals and objectives effectively and efficiently. The following is the SWOT analyses of the
BMW 4Z :
Strength
 It is the combination of 3 big brands
and all the brands are positioned under
the premium segment in auto mobile
sector.
 Regular improvement in the innovation
and technological advancement has
made the outstanding designs and
styles.
 It has a strong CSR performance
because of the investment in the hybrid
vehicles which aims to produce fuel
efficient vehicles.

Weakness
 BMW faces higher level of
vulnerability to the future economic
crises due to premium pricing strategy.
 The younger generation is more
educated now a days and are less brand
conscious rather they want quality,
speed and performance of the product.
 Poor strategic alliances of the BMW
gives their competitors more powers
over them.
Opportunities
 Maximising the brand portfolio will
boost the sales of the BMW 4Z and this
will ultimately increase the profitability
by maximising the customer base.
 With dynamic customer lifestyle and
more and more tendency towards
premium brands it is certain that this
segment is growing fast.
Threat
 Threat of competitors like Audi, Jaguar,
Bentley, etc.
 Rising fuel problems are creating threat
on the needs of green fuel and
machines (Shaw, 2016).

Consumer buying behaviour process
5 stages of consumer buying processes are as follows:
Need recognition: In this company need to create the demand for the product in the
market to successfully meet the desired goals. BMW Z4 is a unique model with long bonnet as
well as LED head lights which makes the car more classy and and unique for it's customers. This
kind of features in the car makes the car more attractive for the customers and is able to meet the
needs of the customers (Tomše and Snoj 2014).
Information search: In this case the product purchasing decision is make made by
consulting family members, friends, whole seller, advertisements etc. uniqueness in features
force the customers for a trail. This will helps the company to meet the desired goals on time.
Evaluation of alternatives: Before purchasing the product customers search out for
other options in the market and tries to compare on the basis of quality, cost, features etc. As
BMW Z4 is a unique model with long boonet and LED lights on it will attract customers to
satisfying their emerging needs.
Purchase decisions: After examining the product with the substitute available many
times decision changes due to any reason. In this case the marketer of the BMW Z4 should study
the reason for the decision and find out the path to resolve it. Company should assure customers
regarding the guarantee of the product as well satisfy them with all the quarrier of the customers.
So that customers agree to purchase the product and profit can be maximized.
Post purchase behaviour: In this stage either the customer is satisfied or is not satisfied
with the product. Satisfied customer does mouth publicity to three people while dis-satisfied
person does publicity to eleven people. In this case it's very important to satisfy the customers to
create positive impression on the customers mind for long term.
Marketing mix
Marketing mix includes 4Ps which are explained as follows:
Product: Innovative product like BMW Z4 helps the company to monopoly market ratio
as well as generate profits. As this are luxury product the demand for the goods needs to created
in the minds of the consumers. Which will directly raise sales volume in the global market.

Prices: BMW Z4 is the unique model in the market. The prices of the luxury goods are
high as huge innovation is done to meet the desired demand of the customers. Prices of the
product is designed according to the product as well according to the targeted customers. Here
the targeted consumers are high class people (Uzunoğlu and Kip, 2014).
Promotion: BMW Z4 does not do much advertisement to attract customers. It makes
unique items on the needs of the customers. Consumers come up to the company for the order of
the product. Creative designs and distinguished features pull the customers towards the product
automatically.
Place: BMW Z4 is a classy model with log bonnet and LED light on it which pull the
customers accordingly. Firm is serving it's goods across the globe like, Indonesia, India,
Malaysia, Egypt and Thailand. This places are enjoying the services or the product of BMW Z4
because of the geographical conditions.
Elements of communication process
Communication is the process which is define as the steps which we take in order to
successfully communicate. In this there are many components or steps includes. Different
step of BMW 4Z which they will use is explain below:
Sender: Sender is the person who take initiative to send the message. Sender is the
person who transmit or send the message. Message should be in thought , in an idea , in a
symbol . This message is in report in order and posture and gesture , even a momentary smile.
BMW 4Z will use this process in the first they need to take step in which sender is initiate r of
message they need to be transmit. After this sender encodes it in such a manner that can be
well understood by the receiver. BMW 4Z want to send in the market to its customer.
Message: In this BMW 4Z will take action to the next steps that is of referred the
information. In this messages refereed to as the information by word or as in speech . This can
be in sign , pictures or symbol depending upon the situation. This play the important part in
communication process and also this is known as heart of communication. This is the content
the sender want to send to its receiver. Message of BMW 4Z which they want share in the
market.
Encoding : This is putting the targeted message to audience . In this BMW 4Z use the
medium from which may be verbal and non verbal depending to there situation ,time , space and
the nature of the message to be sent. Sender puts the ia picture or words which will be

communicated to the intended receiver. This the important step in the communication process as
wrong may defeat the true intent of the communication.
Channel: This is the from which BMW 4Z will transfer there message . In this channel
refers to the way or mode the message flow or is transmitted through. Message cam only
transform through a memorandum , a computer , telephone app or television.
Receiver : in this receiver is the person a message meant for . In BMW 4Z the mesege
which want to send the send it to them . In this the receiver may be the listener or viewer. It is
define as the other end of the process.
Decoding : In BMW 4Z converting the sent message into intangible language . It simply
means to comprehending the message. When reviver r the message after that they try to
understand the meaning of that message.
Feedback : This is define as the whole result of communication process . In BMW 4Z
see the response of the customer for whom they will made advertisement . This is the very
necessary part because without this impossible to analysis that organisation is going on right
way or not . With this organisation know the point of view of its customer.

Source : Elements of communication process. 2019
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been summarised that marketing communication is very
important not only from the business point of view but also from the customer point. Through
effective marketing strategies, the company is able to make people aware about the innovative
and new products and modification in the existing ones so that customer is known about the
offerings. Effective marketing communication not only generates sales but also builds relations
with the prospects. It helps in identifying the customer, their needs and demands and on the basis
of that, it designs the marketing communication plan. The plan helps in the forward movement of
the organisation.
Illustration 2: Elements of communication process. 2019

REFRENCE
Books and Journals
Ashley, C., and Tuten, T. (2015). Creative strategies in social media marketing: An exploratory
study of branded social content and consumer engagement. Psychology &
Marketing.32(1). 15-27.
Bacile, T. J., Ye, C., and Swilley, E. (2014). From firm-controlled to consumer-contributed:
Consumer co-production of personal media marketing communication. Journal of
Interactive Marketing.28(2). 117-133.
Blakeman, R. (2018). Integrated marketing communication: creative strategy from idea to
implementation. Rowman & Littlefield.
Dahnil and et. al., (2014). Factors influencing SMEs adoption of social media marketing.
Procedia-social and behavioral sciences.148. 119-126.
Fill, C., and Turnbull, S. L. (2016). Marketing communications: brands, experiences and
participation. Pearson.
Finne, Å., and Grönroos, C. (2017). Communication-in-use: customer-integrated marketing
communication. European Journal of Marketing.51(3). 445-463.
Iyer, S., Velu, C., and Mumit, A. (2014). Communication and marketing of services by religious
organizations in India. Journal of Business Research.67(2). 59-67.
Jucaitytė, I., and Maščinskienė, J. (2014). Peculiarities of social media integration into marketing
communication. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences.156. 490-495.
Kim and et. al., (2014). Trends in advertising research: A longitudinal analysis of leading
advertising, marketing, and communication journals, 1980 to 2010. Journal of
advertising.43(3). 296-316.
Lilleker, D. G. (2015). Interactivity and branding: Public political communication as a marketing
tool. Journal of Political Marketing.14(1-2). 111-128.
Lusch, R. F., and Vargo, S. L. (2014). The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate,
and directions. Routledge.
Luxton, S., Reid, M., and Mavondo, F. (2015). Integrated marketing communication capability
and brand performance. Journal of Advertising.44(1). 37-46.
McKay-Nesbitt, J., and Yoon, S. (2015). Social marketing communication messages: How
congruence between source and content influences physical activity attitudes. Journal of
Social Marketing.5(1). 40-55.
Porcu, L., Del Barrio-Garcia, S., and Kitchen, P. J. (2017). Measuring integrated marketing
communication by taking a broad organisational approach: The firm-wide IMC scale.
European Journal of Marketing.51(3). 692-718.
Royle, J., and Laing, A. (2014). The digital marketing skills gap: Developing a Digital Marketer
Model for the communication industries. International Journal of Information
Management.34(2). 65-73.
Shaw, S. (2016). Airline marketing and management. Routledge.
Todorova, G. (2015). Marketing communication mix. Trakia Journal of Sciences.13(1). 368-
374.
Tomše, D., and Snoj, B. (2014). Marketing communication on social networks: Solution in the
times of crisis. Marketing.45(2), 131-138.

Uzunoğlu, E., and Kip, S. M. (2014). Brand communication through digital influencers:
Leveraging blogger engagement. International Journal of Information
Management.34(5). 592-602.
Vernuccio, M., and Ceccotti, F. (2015). Strategic and organisational challenges in the integrated
marketing communication paradigm shift: A holistic vision. European Management
Journal.33(6). 438-449.
Online
AIDA Model in Marketing. 2019. [Online] Available Through :
<https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/other/aida-model-marketing/>.