HIV Management and Public Health Efforts

This assignment delves into the management of HIV in the UK, covering public health efforts, statistics, and research studies. It examines the impact of proper planning, adoption of suitable approaches, and education on promoting healthy lifestyles and controlling infectious diseases.

The Role of Public Health in
Health and Social Care

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................2
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................2
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................2
1.1 Role of agencies in analyzing health status and disease occurrence ....................................2
1.2 Epidemiology of infectious and non-infectious disease ......................................................3
1.3 Effectiveness of different approaches and strategies.............................................................5
2.1 Use relevant research to determine current priorities and approaches..................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
2.2 Explain the relationship between prevalence of diseases and requirements of services to
support an individual....................................................................................................................6
2.3 Analyse the impact of current lifestyle choices on future needs for health and social care
services.........................................................................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
3.1 Priorities of an individual in relation to health and well being..............................................6
3.2 Effectiveness of strategies, policies and systems at PHE.....................................................7
3.4 Evaluate an activity to encourage a behavioural change for improving individual health at
PHE..............................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................10
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INTRODUCTION
Public health is defined as the method to prevent and control diseases so that health and
quality life can be promoted in society. Public health plays a significant role in improving the
quality of health and social care (HSC) settings. The report will discuss the roles and
responsibilities of a public health officer. These officers regulate the health care settings so that
public health can be improved. The agencies like Public Health England (PHE) works for the
welfare of people and HSC infrastructures.
The document will also analyse the various strategies which is used by public healthcare
organisations to control, regulate and measure the occurrence of diseases among people. It will
also analyse the factors which influences the effectiveness of healthcare settings and well-being
priorities for the communities as well as for individuals. Further the study will also discuss the
relation between disease prevalence and healthcare services so that public healthcare objectives
can be achieved.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
1.1 Role of agencies in analyzing health status and disease occurrence
For achieving the public health objectives in UK significant number of agencies monitor
and regulate the quality of health services. The key agencies which plays active role in
evaluating epidemiology of the diseases and to improve HSC infrastructure are Public Health
England (PHE), Care quality commission (CQC), National institute of health and care excellence
(NICE) and National health service (NHS). Along with the study of disease epidemiology these
agencies also formulate the framework for improving the quality of health services (Stiglitz and
Rosengard, 2015).
Agencies such as NICE ensure that all health care service providers has sufficient
resources to improve the health outcomes of people. The agency also regulate that all legal and
ethical aspects are followed in health practices. PHE conducts the statistical analysis so the
impact and other epidemiological factors of the particular diseases can be determined. On the
basis of these studies CQC and NHS monitor that what improvement strategies can be adopted
and followed by health professionals. The regular interference of these agencies in public health
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services not only improve the quality of healthcare services but also guides individual and
communities so that they can also understand the diseases.
1.2 Epidemiology of infectious and non-infectious disease
Epidemiology is defined as the study which focuses on analyzing the incidence, control
mechanism, distribution pattern of diseases so that its impact can be eliminated or minimized.
With rapidly degrading health status of individual it has become essential for the healthcare
agencies to take necessary actions. Thus these agencies are aiming to identify the variety of
infectious diseases which needs quick control action. As per the current analysis by health
agencies HIV-AIDS is one of the most hazardous infectious diseases which must be prevented.
While in non-infectious obesity is the key issue which needs immediate attention and prevention
strategy.
Infectious disease- HIV AIDS
Though currently UK does not have much higher number of people with HIV but there
has been significant progress in number of such people.
(Source: HIV IN THE UK STATISTICS, 2017)
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Illustration 1: Condition of monitoring and measuring HIV in UK

From the health surveys and records of health agencies it has been found that around 101,600
people are suffering from HIV. Thus, out of 12 every one person in UK is having the disease.
However, the most alarming fact which is raising concern of health agencies is that most of the
people are not aware that they are victim of this critical and life-threatening infectious disease
(Duckett and Willcox, 2015). The regular awareness campaign by healthcare agencies and
improved treatment methods has made it possible that almost 98% of the infected people have
been successfully identified and are taking treatment for the disease.
It has helped the health and social care service providers like NHS to reduce the severity
and further growth and expansion of disease. It is observed that 69% of diagnosed people are
Males and remaining 31% are females with White ethnics which constitute the highest number of
sufferers. These statistics indicates that the presents status of HIV patients is under control in
UK, but needs improvement (Manners, 2017).
CQC provide guidelines to healthcare service providers so that the disease can be
controlled and prevented among communities. PHE will regulates the management and
implementation of HIV prevention approaches under health and social care Act, 2012.
Non infectious Disease- Obesity
Obesity is one of the key reasons which encourages the growth of cancer and other life-
threatening diseases among people after alcoholism and smoking. Obesity leads to generation of
other health issues such as hypertension, low blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and
gastrointestinal cancers (Cesari and et.al., 2016). It has been analysed that around 6% of cancer
victims are resulted due to obesity. In 2016, about 26% of adults in UK were identified as obese
and this fraction is rapidly increasing. The major cause of obesity among people in UK is the
lack of physical activity and active participation in luxurious and unhealthy life style for prolong
period. From the statistical analysis by different health agencies, in UK, 6 out of 10 men and 5
out of 10 women are obese.
NHS has carried out the care management program that costed about £27 billion which
aims at preventing and eliminating obesity. CQC is also assuring that obesity-controlled
programs are effectively implemented all over UK. PHE has implemented health framework for
managing the health issues related to obesity in UK.
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Besides this, different health care agencies like public health observatories, health
protection strategies and National statistics office also plays a significant role in improving the
quality of health and social care services (Beard and Bloom, 2015). These prevention strategies
and frameworks also controls the incidence rate of disease so by guiding people and providing
them necessary services for improving the health outcomes.
1.3 Effectiveness of different approaches and strategies
There are approaches such as health education, disease surveillance and immunization
and few strategies like screening, social welfare, legislation etc. to
control the incidence of disease in communities. In this regard, it is important to know that
Public Health England has undertaken all these approaches and strategies to prevent, implement
planning for controlling diseases like Diabetes, HIV and Obesity. Such usage is proved
beneficial in making people aware and imparting them useful information and details to tackle
any diseases or issues in more profound manner. There is an advent of programs, public
meetings or sessions to bring changes at ground level to lay the foundation of preventive
measures in controlling the incidence rate. Along with, there is also surveillance that shed light
on detecting any major changes in context to any new-found evidence that might be useful to
evaluate the alerts and control measures in effective ways. This also provided knowledge and
updates to the professionals like GP's, Counsellors, nurses etc.
2.1 Use relevant research to determine current priorities and approaches
The current priorities and approaches which has been undertaken by the PHE consists of
promoting a healthy and active lifestyle, reducing intake of high fat food and exercising regularly
to control occurrence of these diseases within community. The major emphasis is on helping
people to live longer by minimising the preventable deaths and burden in context to smoking,
poor diet, anxiety, depression and other related conditions (Edwards and et.al., 2015).
Furthermore, the families are supported by the professional setup to bring changes in their
lifestyle habits and modern living patterns by adopting healthy diet to nurture healthier lifestyles.
Lastly, the current priority is to minimise the sugar intake in all the food products and processed
items to bring down the incidence rate at drastic levels among all ages of population.
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TASK 2
2.2 Explain the relationship between prevalence of diseases and requirements of services to
support an individual
Covered in PPT
2.3 Analyse the impact of current lifestyle choices on future needs for health and social care
services
Covered in PPT
TASK 3
3.1 Priorities of an individual in relation to health and well being
There are diverse priorities that are set by individuals for proper assessment of their well-being
and mental health in terms of health and social care setting. Along with, this sector facilitates
wide platform to underpin different policies and operations that has an impact on the overall
assessment of individuals and professionals in the health and social care setting (McCoyd and
Kerson, 2016).
These priorities are directly linked with socio-
emotional and intellectual needs of an
individual. It has emphasized on safeguarding
the essential needs related to fulfilling the
standards of living by bringing changes at both
individual level and community level as well.
Additionally, it involves hygiene, diet and
active participation of people that accelerated
their developmental growth in positive
direction. These components are necessary to
make an individual strong by making the
immunity levels stronger.
The following image represents PHE's motto to
make the public aware about importance of
adopting healthy lifestyles. This organisation is
consistently incorporating campaigns, events
and other such engaging activities to deal with
controlling of diseases and related components.
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3.2 Effectiveness of strategies, policies and systems at PHE
Public Health England is one of the leading
organisations which have carved its prominent
positioning in the health and social care setting
due to a systematic arrangement in the setup. It
has outlined their service provisions in proper
segregation to maintain the quality and safety
factors. Along with this, their ulterior aim is to
make choices which benefits their patients,
employees, staff and others. In order to build
trust and loyalty between the patients and
professionals, they have created a channel to
take honest feedbacks, reviews, complaints in
context to their services. With implementing
policies, the focus is on ensuring the efficient
economic capabilities on the family and
friends.
They have been working sincerely towards
using the systems under a legislative
framework. Policies such as Equality Act
2010, Health and Social Care Act 2012 etc.
are useful in guiding the employees to be well
equipped and knowledgeable about issues and
the suitable measures for its prevention
(Davies and Challis, 2018).
This organisation has managed their strategic
planning by incorporating the policies and
overall requirements in terms of giving the best
services to their patients. They promote
partnerships with other regulatory bodies,
organisations, NGO's and also encourage the
families and friends to collaborate and gain
support to work for the betterment of the entire
community on the whole.
Further, the implementation of any legal policy
and strategy by PHE with respect to promoting
healthy living, setting up of choices,
flourishing partnership with friends and family
should be followed to bring improvements at
larger scale for complete effectiveness.
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3.3 Changes to be made at individual level with the help of PHE efforts
PHE group of professionals
together with support staff
have laid a system to generate
awareness and using
educational programs for
enhancing the behavioural
changes of patients.
Consultation exercises have
been considered to make the
patients educate about the
benefits and advantages of
being physically active to
eradicate the root-causes of
any disease (Coyte and
McKeever, 2016). They used
different activities such as
cycling, marathon events,
swimming competitions and
more to gain the attention of
people from all ages.
The administrative body at
PHE formed a department to
classify the issues in different
smaller sections and suggested
the individuals to join it as per
their specifications so that
there is an ease while making
them educate about the side-
effects of no exercise rule.
Moreover, joining focus
groups with the help of
specialists has also been used
to bring changes in all the
aspects of an individual's life.
3.4 Evaluate an activity to encourage a behavioural change for improving individual health at
PHE
PHE has been consistently working towards tackling obesity which has become a menace in all
age groups of United Kingdom. They initiated a program of marathon in the year 2015 in
which they conducted separate sessions to bring awareness about the side-effects of obesity.
This framework was undertaken to promote a positive outlook in improving individual’s health
and wellbeing. There was a mapping and data collection through direct interactions for better
understanding of the people outlook in managing their weight and related effects such as
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diabetes type 2, cardiovascular disease etc. (Jumaa and Alleyne, 2017).
This was framed for building an environment
to adopt healthy lifestyles habits and bringing a
forwarding developmental process that assist in
making populations healthier. Along with this,
the focus was on cutting down the intake of
sugar and related food products that
accelerated this obesity issue in the most
adverse manner. Lastly, it helped in bringing
sustainable changes by using guidelines from
PHE.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of this assessment, it can be concluded that proper planning from all the
involved people in this sector has helped in bringing concrete changes and promoting healthy
lifestyles. Additionally, Public Health England efforts has also emphasised on adoption of
suitable approaches that has helped in controlling different infectious and non-infectious
diseases. Their efforts have minimised the overall impact in better manner and educated
individuals to become more vigilant while taking any counselling, medication or treatments.
Furthermore, this has summed up that it is necessary to have an understanding to overcome the
challenges and issues related to bring changes in positive and proficient order.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Beard, H.P.J.R. and Bloom, D.E., 2015. Towards a comprehensive public health response to
population ageing. Lancet (London, England). 385(9968). pp.658.
Cesari, M. and et.al., 2016. Frailty: an emerging public health priority. Journal of the American
Medical Directors Association. 17(3). pp.188-192.
Coyte, P.C. and McKeever, P., 2016. Home care in Canada: Passing the buck. Canadian Journal
of Nursing Research Archive. 33(2).
Davies, B. and Challis, D., 2018. Matching resources to needs in community care: An evaluated
demonstration of a long-term care model. Routledge.
Duckett, S. and Willcox, S., 2015. The Australian health care system (No. Ed. 5). Oxford
University Press.
Edwards, M. and et.al., 2015. ‘Distributed health literacy’: longitudinal qualitative analysis of the
roles of health literacy mediators and social networks of people living with a long‐term
health condition. Health Expectations. 18(5). pp.1180-1193.
Jumaa, M.O. and Alleyne, J., 2017. Strategic leadership in health care in challenging
times. Organisation Development in Health Care: Strategic Issues in Health Care
Management.
Manners, R.A., 2017. Professional dominance: The social structure of medical care. Routledge.
McCoyd, J.L. and Kerson, T.S., 2016. Social work in health settings: Practice in context.
Routledge.
Stiglitz, J.E. and Rosengard, J.K., 2015. Economics of the public sector: Fourth international
student edition. WW Norton & Company.
Online
HIV IN THE UK STATISTICS, 2017. [online] Available Through : < https://www.nat.org.uk/we-
inform/HIV-statistics/UK-statistics>
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Jumaa and Alleyne, 2017.Coyte and McKeever, 2016.Davies and Challis, 2018.McCoyd and
Kerson, 2016Edwards and et.al., 2015Cesari and et.al., 2016.Duckett and Willcox,
2015.Stiglitz and Rosengard, 2015Manners, 2017Beard and Bloom, 2015
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