Herbal Remedies for Hyperlipidemia

This assignment delves into the effectiveness of herbal remedies in combating hyperlipidemia. Students are tasked with critically examining research studies that investigate the impact of different herbal extracts, such as Fuzhuan brick tea, curcuminoids, Persea americana fruit extract, Ajuga iva, Centaurium erythreae, and Garcinia cambogia, on lipid profiles. The analysis should focus on understanding the mechanisms behind their hypolipidemic effects and evaluating their potential as therapeutic agents for managing hyperlipidemia.

Running head: SCENARIO STUDIES
Scenario studies
Name of the student
Name of the University
Author’s note

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Table of Contents
Search items.....................................................................................................................................2
Essay................................................................................................................................................2
References........................................................................................................................................8

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Search items
The Boolean, medline and cinhal
Essay
The case studies clearly indicate the symptoms of obesity. Inspite of taking various diets,
she has not been able to lose weight. However, Garcinia cambogia seems to promote the weight
reduction and is also used in the improvement of the lipid profile with the majority of
compounds like hydrocitric acid and blocks the ATP citraletylase potentially inhibiting the
metabolic formation of fat (Mohammadi et al, 2013). Futhermore, it has been found that the
extract is able to change the adipokine levels. The main aim of the study is to analyze the effects
of Garcinia cambogia by studying the lipid profile, endocrine, calorimetric and anthropometric
parameters of the obsess women. The BMI index of the women was checked taking the age
between 25-60 years. The other things that are to be considered here are the waist hip ratio and
the fat mass percentage, resting metabolic rate, respiratory coefficients, triglycerides and the total
cholesterol that are HDL and LDL, leptin, insulin level. All of the factors are measured after the
post administration of the extract in women (Vasques et al, 2014).
Obesity is the major health concern in the developing countries. Obesity is often refer to
the accumulation of body fat that results in energy imbalance that are primarily produced by the
physical inactivity, calorific intake of foods (Li et al, 2013). Excess if body fat also occurs by
excessive lipogenesis. Excess of body fact would result in other fatal diseases like dyslipidemia
and type 2 diabetes. There are other environmental factors that lead to obesity and they are
related to the mechanisms of energy homeostasis. Leptin is an adipokine that reacts on the
hypothalamus and it induces thermogenesis (Dominguez-Rodriguez, et al, 2016). The receptors

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of hypothalamus are also affected by action of insulin on central nervous system. Garcinia.
cambogia extract has been found to change the mode of action of these hormones that stimulates
the very cause of pathophysiological affects of obesity and metabolic disorders. Thus the current
weight loss indicates the use of this plant extract that has been found to reduce the body weight
by having the direct influence on the metabolic disorders. Thus the pharmacotherapy for treating
obesity would be supported with the use of the anorectic agents and psychostimulants. Garcinia
cambogia gives the natural product for the treatment of obesity by affecting both the metabolic
and the nervous system profile. The major constituent of the extract is hydroxycitric acid. This
compound acts as the competitive inhibitor for the cytosolic enzyme, ATP-citrate and also thus
prevents the endogenous lipogenic activity. HCA also stimulates the oxidation of fatty acids and
improve the lipid profile. On the other hand, is also reduces leptin and insulin levels.
Interestingly, it also protects our heart from the harmful cardiovascular lipid HDL by
maintaining its optimum level.
The method that the authors followed in the paper are that there were 60 women taken
from the city of Hamburgo, Brazil. All of them found to be overweight and has the BMI
approximately equal and greater than 25. The considerations that were taken in the methodology
is that the samples were collected from the women who were on low fat diet but did not used
drugs. The study design was made with the double blind randomized study that would evaluate
the efficiency of the drug after 60 days of daily treatment with the doses of cambogia extract.
The entire experiment would be standardized and would be randomly into treatment and control
groups. The volunteers were also advised to maintain a constant level of physical activity. The
measurements would be carried on the basis of the important weight maintenance indexes. The
evaluation was done by the anthropometric measurements, resting energy expenditure, lipid

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profile and the serum determination of insulin and leptin. The acute toxicity were to be assessed
with the analysis of hepatic transaminases and Creatine clearance (Lee et al, 2015).
The measurements follow the patient reporting and the nutritional level judgment. There
would be assessment in the provisions of clinical, nutritional and pharmacotherapeutic data that
were obtained from the patient reporting. These would be the sample for the selection and
monitor of the adverse and the good affects of the pharmacotherapy done using the extracts. In
order to access the calorie intake the participants had treatment with the food of diary products.
The calorie value would be evaluated by using the arithmetic mean and a software package. Next
important rationale that was considered in the research was the use of height, weight and
circumferences that would be calculated by protocol adopted from the advancement in
Kinanthropometry body mass index. The subjects height, weight all was measured. The
estimation of the body composition consisted of two main components which are the fat mass,
free fat mass that were measured in tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis. The subjects
were 12 hours fasted. Another intervention in the methodological measurement would include
the resting energy expenditure that would be assessed by indirect calorimetry. This was applied
on the 12 hour fasting subjects that have its restriction on the exercise and physical activity
routine. The data was expressed in kcal/min. additionally; mean values of the respiratory
quotient would also be obtained. Then finally there would be lab tests on the blood samples
collected in accordance with the blood glucose (Tahraoui, Israili, & Lyoussi, 2017),
HDL,triglyceride levels and can be measured by using the clinical routine protocol and
calorimetric enzyme assay. Insulin and TSH levels were analyzed by the indirect
chemiluminescence. The liver or kidney injuries can be measured by the serum transaminase
and creatinine levels that would be estimated by suing the Cockroft and Gaults equation. The

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analysis would be conducted statistically by means of standard deviation. The Kolmogorov-
Smirnov test was applied for the testing of normal distribution of variables. The differences
between them were analyzed by the Students t-test and values of p is less than 0.05. All of the
analysis was done in the statistical analysis software.
The results showed that during treatment there was not change in transaminase and
creatinine levels significantly. At the end no changes were observed in the anthropometric and
calorimetric parameters. The production and dispensing of the photomedicines were conducted
with the study on the phytomedicines used. The phytomedicones from the plant were presented
in the form of capsules and the chemical markers were determined by the HPLC analysis
(Monika, & Geetha, (2015).. Capsules were all of same size and colors. The capsules were
instructed to be taken three times a week. They were also suggested to ingest one capsule 3 times
a week. The compliance of the use of the medication was assessed for 60 days of treatment.
The results suggested the usefulness of Garcinia cambogia in treating the reducing the
body fat. The mathematical, theoretical and lab based approach has been made to analyze the
affects of Garcinia cambogia in the reduction of body fat. The results obtained in the studies
also suggested the short term treatment of the plant extract that was standardized by using the
extract (Mohamed, 2014). All of these showed the significant level change when compared with
the control samples. The changes were measured in the BMI and the anthropometric and
calorimetric parameters as well as seen with the leptin and serum level insulin changes. The
treatment did not affect the cholesterol serum levels. The study conducted by comparing the
ability of Garcinia cambogia extract in the body fat reduction with that of the other
phytomedicinal plants. Thus it can be said that if the ability of cambogia extract reduce the body
weight but the study failed to demonstrate the improvement of any anthropometric parameters

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analyzed. The results collaborated with the hypocalorific diet and it was more effective than
placebo. The paper also gave the animal models of the effects of the treatments of the plant
extracts. It has been proved thoroughly from the affects in rodents that there is reduction in leptin
and insulin serum levels after 4 weeks of treatment. The findings regarding the effect of the
extract would be observed in the present study. With the tested dose, the hypotriglyceridemic
effects were characterized with the decrease in approximately 28 % effects in the TG levels.
Student name Student ID Facilitator name
The effect of Garcinia Cambogia as coadjuvant in the weight loss program
Population- The Spanish, English and portugese population
Intervention
The study was done on the GC effects in the weigh loss
Outcome
The studies showed positive outcomes on the effectiveness of GC content with the disadvantage
of the extract and weight loss program

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Research. This will be effective in future for more phycotherapeutic drugs
Search strategy
Both the medline and CINHAL search
Search history
ACTION SEARCH MODE RESULTS LIMITERS/EXPANDERS
S1
CINAHL SEARCH
Boolean/ phrase
Women AND Fat
reduction
119 Limiters- Abstract
Available; Published
Date: 20100101-
20171231; English
Language; Peer
Reviewed.
Expander- young* AND
Fat*
S1
MEDLINE SEARCH
Boolean/ phrase
Women Obesity AND
Garcinia Cambogia
product.
74 Limiters- Abstract
Available; Published
Date: 20100101-
20171231; English
Language; Peer
Reviewed, Research
article.
Expander- Garcinia*
AND Obese*
S2
CINAHL SEARCH
Smart text searching
hydrocitric acid by
Garcinia blocks the
ATP citraletylase
potentially inhibiting the
metabolic formation of
fat
25 Expanders- Apply
related words; Also
search within the full
text of the articles
S2
MEDLINE SEARCH
Boolean/ phrase.
Garcinia Cambogia AND
body fat reduction.
25 Full text,
Published date:
20120101-20161231
Expanders-
Garcinia*AND fat*

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SCENARIO STUDIES
wildcard used.
S3
CINAHL SEARCH
Smart text searching-
Garcinia * AND Weight*
wildcard used
12 Limiters-
Full text
Published Date:
20120101-20161231
English Language
Peer Reviewed
Expanders- Garcinia*
AND weight* wildcard
used.
S3
MEDLINE SEARCH
Smart text searching-
Garcinia cambogia
products and weight
loss
8 Limiters-
Application of related
words, Full text, English
language, peer
reviewed, 2014-2017.

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SCENARIO STUDIES
References
Dominguez-Rodriguez, M., Valenzuela-Rubio, N. G., Ochoa-Acosta, D. A., Fierros-Valdez, J.
A., Castro-Sanchez, F. H., & Vergara-Jimenez, M. (2016). The Effect of Moringa
Oleífera Leaves in Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus Subjects. The FASEB Journal, 30(1 Supplement), 1176-21.
http://ezproxy.acu.edu.au.ezproxy1.acu.edu.au/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/
login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=119172005&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Lee, M. S., Cho, S. M., Lee, M. H., Lee, E. O., Kim, S. H., & Lee, H. J. (2016). Ethanol extract
of Pinus koraiensis leaves containing lambertianic acid exerts anti-obesity and
hypolipidemic effects by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
(AMPK). BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 16(1), 51.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.acu.edu.au/10.1186/s12906-016-1031-2
Lee, S. R., Hwang, K. T., & Ji, G. E. (2014). The Anti‐Obesity Effects of the Dietary
Combination of Fermented Red Ginseng with Levan in High Fat Diet Mouse
Model. Phytotherapy research, 28(4), 617-622.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.acu.edu.au/10.1002/ptr.5042
Li, Q., Liu, Z., Huang, J., Luo, G., Liang, Q., Wang, D., ... & Hu, J. (2013). Anti‐obesity and
hypolipidemic effects of Fuzhuan brick tea water extract in high‐fat diet‐induced obese
rats. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93(6), 1310-1316.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.acu.edu.au/10.3109/09637486.2014.898253
Mohamed, S. (2014). Functional foods against metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes,
hypertension and dyslipidemia) and cardiovasular disease. Trends in Food Science &

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Technology, 35(2), 114-128.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.acu.edu.au/10.3109/10408363.2015.1084990
Mohammadi, A., Sahebkar, A., Iranshahi, M., Amini, M., Khojasteh, R., Ghayour‐Mobarhan,
M., & Ferns, G. A. (2013). Effects of supplementation with curcuminoids on
dyslipidemia in obese patients: a randomized crossover trial. Phytotherapy
research, 27(3), 374-379. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.acu.edu.au/10.1002/ptr.4715
Monika, P., & Geetha, A. (2015). The modulating effect of Persea americana fruit extract on the
level of expression of fatty acid synthase complex, lipoprotein lipase, fibroblast growth
factor-21 and leptin–a biochemical study in rats subjected to experimental hyperlipidemia
and obesity. Phytomedicine, 22(10), 939-945.
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.acu.edu.au/10.1016/j.phymed.2015.07.001
Semalty, M., Kumar, R., & Semalty, A. (2016). FORMULATION AND
CHARACTERIZATION OF HERBAL FORMULATION FOR
ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY IN DIET INDUCED OBESE MICE. INDIAN
DRUGS, 53(07), 07. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.acu.edu.au/10.1016/j.fitote.2009.11.001
Tahraoui, A., H Israili, Z., & Lyoussi, B. (2017). Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of
Aqueous Extracts of Ajuga iva and Centaurium erythreae on a Rodent Model of
Metabolic Syndrome. The Natural Products Journal, 7(1), 47-57. PMID: 16417981 NLM
UID: 7903310
Vasques, C. A., Schneider, R., Klein‐Júnior, L. C., Falavigna, A., Piazza, I., & Rossetto, S.
(2014). Hypolipemic effect of Garcinia cambogia in obese women. Phytotherapy
research, 28(6), 887-891. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.acu.edu.au/10.1002/ptr.5076