Assignment on Theories of Urban Planning
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Added on 2020-04-07
Assignment on Theories of Urban Planning
Added on 2020-04-07
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THEORIES OF URBAN PLANNING1NameInstitutionTutorCourseDate of submissionTHEORIES OF URBAN PLANNINGIntroductionPlanning is crucial in urban development and in a country at large. Planning has often beendescribed as rational by many planners. The rationality of a plan, however, can vary from oneproject to another. Theory-of-planning deals with the manner in which decisions are made andimplemented. On the other hand, theory-for-planning is concerned with the role played by theprocess of planning in the society. Urban planning is concerned primarily with urban reforms,and it addresses various issues with the aim of sustainable development (Klosterman, p. 95).Different urban planning theories give divergent views on the planning process. This paper,therefore discusses how Rational-comprehensive Planning Theory and Neo-liberal PlanningTheory explores the issue of urban planning.Rational-comprehensive Planning TheoryAfter the Second World War, more focus was directed towards urban planning. Rational-comprehensive theory, which is grounded on a normative model (Naess, p. 511) usually holdshigh rationality values, particularly during various political and organizational pressures. The
THEORIES OF URBAN PLANNING2origin of this theory is attributed to Augustine Comte who applied hierarchical rules to solvingsocial problems. The theory was thereby adopted by Talcott Parsons and Max Webber andbecame popular during 1950’s and 1960’s. They argued that rationalization process transformsthe world into a better place and also, introduces new practices that the society could choosefrom based on their efficiency.Features of Rational-comprehensive TheoryRationalityThe concept of rationality has an enormous influence on policy analysis during the planningprocess (Hoch, p. 31). It focuses on achieving a methodological thinking during policy makingresulting in alternative strategies which can be implemented hence enhancing planning process.The theory gives the planner different options from which the decision makers can choose andapply in societal development. The aspect of rationality is coupled with cognitive skills, aestheticunderstanding, and administrative expertise.Comprehensiveness Comprehensiveness involves analyzation of all rational alternatives identified. It focuses onproviding solutions that benefit all the groups in the society. The more the planner analyses theproblem comprehensively, the higher the chances of getting a better plan.Neo-liberal planningThe concept of neoliberalism has received much attention from analysts, planners, critics, andplanners. It is linked to economic liberalization that started in the 1970s. Neoliberalism planningadvocates for economic liberalization as well as policies that give the private sector powers and
THEORIES OF URBAN PLANNING3authority over the public sector. According to Neoliberal, the government and the state have nopower over the society and economy (Thorsen, p. 188). It focuses on the acquisition of maximumcapital at whichever cost- the laissez-faire capitalism.Features of neoliberalism Corporate globalizationNeoliberalism encourages globalization of different corporations (Gleeson and Low, p. 269).Institutions such as the non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the World Bank, and theInternational Monetary Fund (IMF) have a significant role to play in neoliberalism planningprocess. These organizations, thereby become a big contributor to social and urban development.Economic liberalizationNeoliberalism focuses on making policies aimed at economic liberalization. Increasing the roleplayed by the private sector is their key objective while shutting the public sector out. Itadvocates for various policies such as; privatization, deregulation, free trade, and austerity.During the 1980s and 90s, Australia embraced the neoliberal economic policies which saw thegovernment privatize several state corporations, reduce trade protection, float the Australiandollar, and deregulate the factor markets.Similarities and differences between Rational-comprehensive and Neo-liberal theoriesThese two approaches aimed at achieving change in urban development through effectiveplanning, management, and sustainability policies. Though they differ in the implementation ofthe planning process, their goal is to achieve a sustained development in the society and theeconomy at large.
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