Tourism Management and Sustainability

This assignment delves into various aspects of tourism management, encompassing its development, operations, marketing, and impact on destinations. It examines key issues such as managing change, sustainability, e-tourism strategies, and the role of tour operators. The analysis considers factors influencing destination competitiveness, economic growth, and the environmental footprint of tourism.

TOUR OPERATION
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Determine the impacts of present and recent trends and developments in tour operator
industry........................................................................................................................................1
2.1 Assessment of the stages and time-scale engaged with creating occasions .........................3
2.2 Description on the evaluation of variety of methods, contracting for different components
of the holiday...............................................................................................................................4
2.3 Calculation of the selling price of holiday with provided information.................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Evaluation of arranging choice taken for plan of pamphlet ................................................7
3.2 Description on the Assessment on the suitability various alternatives to traditional
brochures for number of tour operators. ....................................................................................8
3.3 suitability in different methods used by different tour operators:.........................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P4.1 strategic decision made by different organizations:..........................................................10
P4.2 Tactical decisions taken by tour organizations:...............................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
The Tour and travel agencies is one of the fastest growing enterprise and it is working as
to generate maximum revenue in UK market. It is need to be provided in effective manner, the
individual need to have good and memorable travelling experience. In order to make it services
impelling it is essential to take alteration in the operational, customer services and distribution
system. Thus, it can be said that Tour operators must take various initiatives in to provide
effective travelling experience to customers (Cazcarro, Hoekstra and Chóliz, 2014). He need to
facilitate each arrangement in systematic process. The duty of Tour operator is start from airport
to destination of tourist. The present report will outline the activities of the Thomas cook
company, it is the travel company and providing its services being tour operator. It has almost 29
travel centres in UK. In addition to this, the present report will focus to gain the depth
understanding about differed kind of tour operators and their product and services. In this tour
operators need to perform their job as to create effective holiday travel packages to customers.
TASK 1
TOUR OPERATION MANAGEMENT
1

Determine the impacts of
present and recent trends and
developments in tour operator
Industry.
This term can be defined as the
company or an individual who
are working as to offer holiday
and holiday packages to
travellers. They take initiative in
manner to making
arrangements as to booking
reservation for travelling. They
are the individual who are
responsible to provide effective
services to customer so that
they can get good travel
experience. In this it can be
stated that the current trends in
travel and tourism industry can
affect the overall working of
enterprise. With the help of
having changes they are able to
attract the large number of
customer in market. In this the
following trends in relation to
tour operator industry as are-
 Internet and other
technological
equipment’s- The
internet plays the vital
role in relation to
attract differed
These activities will be
helpful in order to
making proper decision.
 Environmental
awareness- this will can
affect the working of
enterprise, as
government takes
various initiative in order
to control and to protect
the environment from
pollution or restrained
entry in some area. It
can be understood with
the help of example as
are in London there is
wild life sanctuary but
due to rules and
regulations of legal
authorities the visitor
cannot visit such place.
Thus, this kind of issue
can affect the working of
enterprise in wide mode.
Inbound tour operator- They
work as to deal with making
arrangement with foreign tourist
in order to visiting the country.
Under this they represent as
themselves as host. Their role
as to provide effectuate services
to the customer at the time of
arrival and departure. In these
various services are included as
are services of transfer,
transportation, accommodation,
entertainment, sightseeing,
insurance services currency, etc.
in order to make it more
effective they need to create the
holiday packages by
understanding the need of
customers. They are also having
maximum contribution in
relation to enhancing the foreign
exchange earnings. This will be
assistive in order to promotion
and growth of tourism market.
2

destination of holidays
and it helps in attracting
the wide range of
visitors towards the
organisation. With the
help of internet facility
tour operator can have
effective identification
in the location of tour
industry and works as
to attract the customer
towards their enterprise
(Cortes-Jimenez and
Pulina, 2010). In this
way Thomas cook is
working in order to
provide various
necessary details to
their customer's. Thus,
it can be said that the
internet is the crucial
platform which assist as
to make strong
customer base to
customers. With the
help of internet
activities, the Thomas
cook can work as to
create their own design
of website of their
enterprise. It will work
as to publish the online
This can also affect the
brand image of firm in
market.
There are various tour
operators in tourism industry as
are-
Ground operator- they work as
to providing arrangement in
relation to land at the one
specific destination. The ground
operator provide its services to
big operators who are not having
the local office and branch at
destination place.
Outbound tour operators-
These are those tour operators
who are Woking as to having
promotion and creation of the
multi national holiday tours.
They work as to offer the holiday
package to an individual or
group of individuals to visit his
own nation or other nation or
mau be number of nation for the
pre-decided period (Dann and
Liebman Parrinello, 2009). They
perform their activities as to
making arrangement of
documents like Visas,
transportation facilities,
accommodation and activities
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ads with details of t
those places which can
work as to attract the
tourists. In this way the
customer can read the
comments of
experienced customers.
related to the sightseeing. They
work as to plan the trip of
customer as per their choice and
requirements.
2.1 Assessment of the stages and time-scale engaged with creating occasions
In the present time, tourism industry is constantly increment and customers requests with
regard to this area has been additionally expanded. According to the given situation, Thomas
cook visit administrator will make an extravagance mentor and instructive visit for grown-up
understudies who age more than 18 from London, UK to Brussels, Brugge, Belgium and so on.
The proposed gather measure is 42 understudies for every gathering what's more, the visit is for
5 evenings. Thomas cook will receive a few techniques to plan the quality bundles of 42
understudies. The phases of bundle advancement are talked about as are-
 Market investigation- Thomas Cook need to direct statistical surveying through which it
can dissect and evaluate the genuine costs, techniques, strategies of adversaries in the
market. With help of statistical surveying organization can likewise recognize customers
needs and needs identified with the administrations.
 Booking- Once the statistical surveying has achieved then in the following stage,
company will create efficient arranging and calendar for the occasion bundle. In this
stage, organization should gather the data about understudy, Age, composition name and
so on so as reservation should be possible. (Cazcarro, Hoekstra and Chóliz, 2014)
4

 Determining- Once the making arrangements for occasion bundle for understudy done
then in the following stage, organization will set the costs by think about the estimating
methodologies of adversaries.
 Contracting- In this stage, organization will contact with other transportation,
convenience, inn and different providers for orchestrate all offices for occasion bundle
for understudies.
 Valuing- Once the contact with inns, providers, convenience supplier will be done then
particle the following stage organization will set the costs for duties, lunch, tickets,
transportation and so forth.
 Outline the timetable- In this stage, calendar will be set with respect to timing of flights,
date, cost, term, name of inn and so on (Alegre and Pou, 2006).
 Execution- Usage This stage, organization at long last accumulate cash from the
understudies so as it can save reserving for inn, settlement, transportation and so on.
Time Line
Activities in Days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Market investigation
Booking
Determining
Contracting
Valuing
Outline the timetable
Execution
5

2.2 Description on the evaluation of variety of methods, contracting for different components of
the holiday.
In this it can be said that in relation to effectively design the travel packages, it is
important to adopt the suitable method of contracting. By doing this they are able to deliver the
high quality services to customers. In this the contract is need to be done for these services as are
cab facilities, accommodation, transportation, etc. so as company can provide effective facilities
to its customer (Cortes-Jimenez and Pulina, 2010). The Thomas cook will adopt the following
methods of contracting as are-
Sales only contract- This is none of the effective and efficient method of contract and it is need
to be done with tour operation management. Under this the tour operator work as to select the
travel package as per desire and take initiatives to sell them out. This kind of activities can only
be done at the time of peak season (Dann and Liebman Parrinello, 2009). It will assist to the
entity to sell their package to customer in market. This will bring competitive advantage to the
business enterprise.
Fixed contract- this kind of the contract will b helpful in relation to fix it s services. These are
somewhat differed from the sales only contract. In these services are offered as per the statues
level of the entity. In order to design the package it is essential to for the enterprise to adopt the
suitable style of contracting and with the help of which the qualified services can be provided.
The main aim is to provide good experience to their customer so that expectation of customer
can be satisfied.
2.3 Calculation of the selling price of holiday with provided information.
As per the current situation Thomas Cook tour operator is taking initiative in order to
create luxury coach and educational trip for the adult students, who are above the age of 18 from
London UK to Brussels, Brugge, Belgium etc. In this the number of student is 42 per group. The
proposed tour is need to be provided for 5 nights. The two student will be allotted I room. As per
this 45/2 is equals to 23 rooms.
6

TASK 3
3.1 Evaluation of arranging choice taken for plan of pamphlet
The one of the most essential element on terms to tourism business is to make effective
brochure. In order to highlights the features, sells packages there is need to have tapping on the
market and features to attract customer with the special offers. In this, it can be said that the
brochure will be assistive in terms to enhance business. In terms to make the brochure attractive
the design of pamphlet must be attractive as well as attractive. In addition to it, brochure helps in
targetting the market segments in the following manner as are-
 Identification of the factors affecting the planning decision- Under it, major factor is one
and that should be considered while planning and designing the selected brochure is must
7

be framed effectively with the help of aim, format to provide the information and time to
provide the selected brochure. The manager and tour conductors of Thomas cook should
work as to identity the issues as environmental factors etc. This must be in mind at the
time of framing planning decision.
 Brochure Format- It is need to be considered at the time of planning of brochure. To
make the format of brochure effective the consideration is need to be given on the
following things as are destination explantation, transportation, cost and other related
issues. Thus, Thomas cool manager should produce the format with help of all kind of
adequate detailed so that travellers can have idea.
 Determination of budget and target market- The planning to design the budget is also get
affected by the budget and target market. In this way, target audience should be selected
to design the actual cost of the pamphlet. The managers of Thomas cook must have made
the ideal budget for tours and information must be given on brochure.
 Stage and time limit- In this, it is need to be determine in the effective manner. Under it,
this can be said that the determined time limit to complete the designing of brochure is
need to be considered at the various stages. The time limit should be decided earlier to
produce results on time.
3.2 Description on the Assessment on the suitability various alternatives to traditional brochures
for number of tour operators.
Every firm need to make its own brochure and it plays the significant role in tour operator
company. This is need to be effective so it can provide right information to the customers. It is
need to be inclusive with Packages, distribution, destination and packages to customers (Blanke
and Chiesa, 2014). Thomas cook is taking various initiative in relation to make brochure, which
can gather the attraction of customers. There are following kinds of alternatives available to tour
operators are-
 Email brochure- This is very effective tool to the outbound Tour operators in order to
serve the customers with the help of Email. In this tour operator work as to send the all
details to customer with the making of brochure and it is inclusive of all essential details.
Hence, it can be said that it cheapest and effective mode to publish its services to the
clients.
8

 E- brochure- The another mode of advertising is E-brochure. It is one of the easiest way
to interact customers. The manager of organisation will upload the brochure on the
website of Thomas cook (Ayuso, 2007). In this way any customer get access to website
and can see that, it will be helpful to attract wide rage of customers.
 Video brochure- This is one of the effective method in relation to attract the client with
the help of proper description and it is also inclusive of the videos and photos of differed
destinations. This will help to have effective services, with the help of this the
organisation can enlarge its services in online marketing. This kind of brochure is also
helpful in order to attract the new customers towards organisation.
3.3 suitability in different methods used by different tour operators:
Every industry expand and deliveries its distribution channels to make competition
between demands and supply. The traditional method to aware customers by the change in the
trends and technology and the method of sales and distribution also developed. there are other
sources like social media, online marketing, emails, direct sell, travel agents,websites and
retailers etc. The mass tour operators sell huge number of holidays for the customers and they
consist of best well known names in travels and tourism industry. Such as Thomas cook, cosmos.
Thompson holidays, those tour operators sell long-hug destination packages more and more each
day. Those are affective tools to increasing movability of the tourism industry. Those tools are
time and cost efficient, the tour operators choose more suitable source by analysing and
alternatives and their impact on the object of the company. The tools of sales and distribution as
in they have log-term impact on the growth of the tour operator company. In the tour operator
company is planning to execute the booklet for adventure holiday in this situation increase the
sale of adventure holiday packages, the most suitable distribution channel will be creating
websites, E-books, advertisements of live adventures, social media platform,travel agents and
retailers. By using of these sources of sales and distribution the demands can be increase of
adventure holidays package of the tour operators company (Cavlek., 2002). Tour operators are
holidays companies that many of us use when booking a holiday they make contract with
airlines, hotels and other transport companies to put the package together then all the holidays
details get distribute to travel agents and straight to the customers. In tour organisation thee are
two types of tour operators, first is mass P4.1 strategic decision made by different
organizations:market tour operators and second is special operators. The mass tour operators
9

example for Thomas cook, Cosmos. And the special tour operators example for Himalayan
kingdom.
The mass operator – The mass operator put together holidays package. They are provide huge
numbers of holidays package in affordable price. They consist of best well knowns travels and
tourism industry. The mass tour operators are now days to much popular as comparison to
special operators. As comparison to Himalayan kingdom the Thomas cook and cosmos they
provides huge numbers of facilities and huge numbers of packages. And those packages are
available in whole worlds, they provide worlds tour facilities with suitable transport or five stars
hotels ( Orams., 2002.).
The special operator- specialist operators are less known than mass market operators but
there are thousands of tour operator they are provided tour packages in UK for diversity of
customer's the socialist operator are more flexible than mass operators. The Himalayan kingdom
tour shop they provide the best facilities in low levels packages, in that shops packages have
limited in UK only. They are provide packages in UK only. Its small tour operator's but its
efficient to lower levels peoples. Comparison to Thomas they are only gives packages facilities
they not given Transport facilities or hotels. People mange for finds hotels facilities.
TASK 4
P4.1 strategic decision made by different organizations:
Strategic decision making is key factors of achieving the goals effectively by increasing
certainty in the company. Company adopted strategic management to increase our productivity
and cope up with the future changes in the strategic making decision are chosen bye all the
analysis all available options use most suitable of the company. Strategic decision is helps to
effectively to any tour operator's company (Picazo., Moreno-Gil., 2018). The following are the
strategic decision making for the any tour operators company for example Thomas cook, Top
Deck,expat explore,cosmos etc :
Demand forecasting- Is the first strategic decision make in any tour operator company they
provide future holidays package all the decision concerning to future demands. The “Thomas
cook” they make all tour holidays package's for customer's For example- if customer want 2-3
days of holidays package, they communicate to tour company and the company give a plan to
customer what plan customer's needed and what not.
10

Discount pricing strategy- In tour operator company discounts plays important role, the level of
discount helps to make decision. In tour industry different type of contract discounts available in
different kinds of packages. Tour industry allow to choice packages (Abrate,. and Viglia., 2016.).
The discount is dependents on tour company. “Top deck” tour company have lunch time-to-time
discounts deals (Holland., and Leslie., 2017.). And they give huge of offers to customer's and
also gives offer's occasionally.
Risk management- strategic decision are should be taken to manage risk in the tour operator
industry. Risk of customer's, customer's satisfaction risks (Mason., 2015). In Expat explore
company having number's of package yearly they are handled responsibilities to protect people,
the company safe package's.
Effective promotional strategies- in promotional strategy marketing tools are effective strategy
in any tour industry operator choose most effective tools for the promotion (Mariani., 2014.)
Like emails, website, logos, advertisement, social media, direct sale etc. the Thomas cook
company connect with customer's via websites emails, social media, Thomos provide the best
facilities in holidays packages with discount deals.
Building strength- in this involve the strength of company, the Cosmos tour company have
much of strength of packages that package are highly or in low rates (Page., 2014. ). The
company have numbers of packages in different prices. The cosmos provide tour packages in
UK. Also, the other country's.
In another tour industry The Thomas cook operator put together all the different
components that make up holiday and sell them as package to travel agents or to customer's the
company also provide transport, scheduled flights, sea transport. The Thomas operator promotes
tourism with in the UK and provide services to tourist to the UK. Thomas is private tour operator
company. The company aim is to make a profit (Brondoni., 2016.). The Thomas become
international travels company in 1845. The Thomas have great responsibilities to safety of
customer's and care of customer's health's. The Thomas have to provide the best facilities to
hotels and transport services. In the UK Thomas cook introduces his entire mass market
strategy's.
P4.2 Tactical decisions taken by tour organizations:
Tactical decisions are takes according to customer's demands or market trends, now days
people mostly prefer traveling, people are have many options so they travel in different-different
11

packages. And those packages cost are higher and medium also, because some people are not
afforded highly packages so company also provide medium packages in low price (Timothy.,
2017). The tour operators changes time-to-time packages according to customer's demands and
according to market trends. Mass market operators put together holiday packages
(accommodation, travel, transfers) mass market operator sell huge numbers of holidays for the
customer and they belong of the best names in the travel and tourism industry, like Thomas cook,
first choice holidays and Thompson holidays. The tour operators are sell long-haul destinations.
In opposite the Thomas tour company provide the best facilities to customer's. The company
have low rates to higher rates packages so customer's can enjoy the holidays in any packages
( Frenzel., 2014.). The company have also facilities for hotels and transport, the company have to
decisions according to customer's satisfaction not according to market trends. The price tactic is
the ability to modify the prices according to the competitions faced by tour operators. In Thomas
industry they take decisions according to popularity. The company remains that demands
travelling in which place, that's why the Thomas become international company. For example- in
price tactic ,some tour operators are examined all the tour industry packages price, and travels
changes the similar lower price in holidays packages. In the tour operators tactical decisions are
always situations based. There are several factors impacting the decision making process. A
numbers of factors such as currency variation which affect the price drastically case the currency
become high, the price has to be fixed and its effects on packages. The tactical decision making
skill is important in deciding the quality of the service offering, and hence the overall image of
the company also gets affected (Sanz-Ibáñez and Clavé., 2016.). The Thomas tour operator takes
tactical decisions when they know the competitors are gives more facilities comparison to the
company. The Thomas cook support sustainable such as respecting local culture and the natural
environments. Where people enjoying their holidays and have to spend some quality times with
family and friends. Now the Thomas cook huge industry in tour management. They know very
well what tactical decisions are takes in which situations. The Thomas company achieve great
popularity in UK and other countries. People can have truly travels packages. They provide
worlds tour, the company also have to provide offers occasionally. In the Thomas company
Information and communication technology influences tactical decisions as in effective
communication is a need for every activity. In case there is deficiency of effectual
communication technology and its application in the process of decision making then it will not
12

be effective. In other hands economic growth and decline also influence the tactical decision of
tour operators but comparison to the Thomas company balance their economic growth and they
mange customer's (Moreno.,et.al., 2015). The flow of money also and the level of the disposable
income of customer's effects the tactical decisions may be in positive or negative manner.
CONCLUSION
Hereby it can be concluded that Tour and travel agencies is one of the fastest growing
enterprise and it is working as to generate maximum revenue in UK market. It is need to be
provided in effective manner, the individual need to have good and memorable travelling
experience. Thus, it can be said that Tour operators must take various initiatives in to provide
effective travelling experience to customers. The present report has been covered with various
activities as to gain the depth understanding about differed kind of tour operators and their
product and services. In this tour operators need to perform their job as to create effective
holiday travel packages to customers.
13

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Abrate, G. and Viglia, G., 2016. Strategic and tactical price decisions in hotel revenue
management. Tourism Management. 55. pp.123-132.
Brondoni, S.M., 2016. Global Tourism Management. Mass, Experience and Sensations Tourism.
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Frenzel, F., 2014. Slum tourism and its controversies from a management perspective. Socially
responsive organizations and the challenge of poverty. pp.123-135.
Holland, J. and Leslie, D., 2017. Tour Operators and Operations: Development, Management
and Responsibility. CABI.
Mariani, M.M., 2014. Managing change in tourism destinations: Key issues and current trends.
Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2(4). pp.269-272.
Mason, P., 2015. Tourism impacts, planning and management. Routledge.
Moreno, M.D.C.C.,et.al., 2015. Strategic e-tourism alternatives for destinations. In Information
and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2015. pp. 405-417.
Page, S.J., 2014. Tourism management. Routledge.
Picazo, P. and Moreno-Gil, S., 2018. Tour operators' marketing strategies and their impact on
prices of sun and beach package holidays. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism
Management. 35. pp.17-28.
Sanz-Ibáñez, C. and Clavé, S.A., 2016. Strategic coupling evolution and destination upgrading.
Annals of Tourism Research. 56. pp.1-15.
Timothy, D.J. ed., 2017. Managing heritage and cultural tourism resources: Critical essays,
Volume one. Routledge.
Cavlek, N., 2002. Tour operators and destination safety. Annals of tourism research. 29(2).
pp.478-496.
Orams M., 2002. Marine tourism: development, impacts and management. Routledge.
Ayuso, S., 2007. Comparing voluntary policy instruments for sustainable tourism: The
experience of the Spanish hotel sector. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 15(2). pp. 144-
159.
Blanke, J. and Chiesa, T., 2013. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013. In The
World Economic Forum.
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Cazcarro, I., Hoekstra, A. Y. and Chóliz, J. S., 2014. The water footprint of tourism in
Spain. Tourism management. 40. pp. 90-101.
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Cuccia, T. and Rizzo, I., 2011. Tourism seasonality in cultural destinations: Empirical evidence
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