TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4 1.1 Analyse the effects of current and recent trends and developments on the tour operators industry........................................................................................................................................4 TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5 2.1 Assess the stages and timescales involved in developing holidays......................................5 2.2 Evaluate the suitability of different methods of contracting for different components of the holiday and different types of tour operator................................................................................6 2.3 Calculate the selling price of a holiday from given information..........................................7 TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8 3.1 Evaluate the planning decisions taken for the design of a selected brochure......................8 3.2 Assess the suitability of alternatives to a traditional brochure for different types of tour operator.......................................................................................................................................9 3.3 Evaluate the suitability of different methods of distribution used to sell a holiday for different types of tour operator...................................................................................................9 TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10 4.1 Evaluate the strategic decisions made by different types of tour operator..........................10 4.2 Compare the tactical decisions that could be taken by a selected tour operator in different situations...................................................................................................................................11 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12 REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................13 .........................................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION Tour operation management is a significant constituent of tourism industry where tour operators are crucial players to distribute services. Tourism industry is an important attribute in economy that largely contribute in economic development and also provides employment to people. Tour operation is a business that have to integrate with other business to provide satisfactory services to their customers. This report based on Trail-finders Ltd. which is a well- known independent travel company in UK. It has 31 travel centres in UK and more 3 in Ireland. This report is based on current and recent trends in travel and tourism industry and main stages and timescales while developing tour packages in tour industry. In addition to it explains planning decisions while selected brochure in travel and tour industry. TASK 1 1.1 Analyse the effects of current and recent trends and developments on the tour operator’s industry. Travelandtourismsectorismostdevelopedsectorandeconomicallyviable..It encounters lots of changes that are very important for organisational development and its enrichment. In present scenario its scope is very large many people adopts it as a profession to give services to clients and earn huge amount (Nakayama and Bucks, 2012). In changes that occurs in that industry that different service providers amalgamate with each other and work as a unit to give their service and satisfy their needs and wants. Outbound tour operators: Outbound tour operators sell their products and services to domestic country tourist to provide multinational tours. They provide multiple tour packages to frame multinational tour packages (Page, 2014). So they have remain update about recent and current changes that occurs in today scenario.There are 72.8 million outbound visits in UK that increase 3% from 2016. Specialist tour operators:
In specialist tour operators consist of many types of tour operators that provides their servicestonichemarketandspecialgeographicalfeaturesincountry.Dependsupon geographical arena there are different types of tour operators in that consist: outbound tour operators, inbound tour operators and domestic tour operators. Direct sell tour operators: In direct sell tour operators, they provide services to customers directly without share of intermediaries. In that scenario they don't have to pay commission and extra charges to them. So it is beneficial for customers indirectly, packages become economical for them.In recent trend consumers are books their tour packages at last minute that denoted by survey in 2018 that 39% participants select to book their packages at last minute. Tourist prefer to visit new places 22% increase in participants are willing to visit new places. Visitors are more interested for ecological tours that shows recent survey. About industry and its recent changes: Travel and tourism industry is most dynamic industry that have to encounter many changes that are very crucial for them for expansion of market share. In old days people spend their most time in work and other activities only rich class people spend their leisure time in travel places of local areas. At that time, they have low level of income that directly affects its businessproceedings(Rohani,WijeyesekeraandKarim,2013).In19thcenturymajor developments occur in that industry most dealers merge with each other to give satisfactory services to their customers. People become more aware about exploring places in recent world and spend huge amount on visiting places. People become more economical viable and independent now.In major tour operators includes Thomas cook which is travel and tourism related financial service company started its business from Manchester England. Its segment in marketing consist of provides benefits by save cost and regular improvement in their plans so that they grow in their business. Fierce competitors of Thomas cook includes BCD travel, Carlson wagonlit travel etc.. The another tour operator is TUI group which is German travel and tourism industry its origin is in Germany. There segment strategy is to distribute and fulfil power up to customers by providing flexibility to provide packages by eliminate risk. In fierce competitors of TUI are Kuoni travels, Barrhead travels and Thomas cook.
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In present scenario to protect the rights of people there are different types of laws and bodies working to protect their rights and duties that are as follows: The Travel association (ABTA): ABTA is a travel association which works for tour operators and agents in worldwide from about 65 years. They give advice and support to travellers and agents on different aspects such as service standards, health and safety and promotions of travel and tourism in both home and foreign marketplace. Association of independent tour operators (AITO): Association of independent tour operators is a British travel industry and trade group that represents around 120 specialist and tour operators in world wide. It works in protecting rights and duties of travellers and agents to give them assurance and build trust among them (Sheng, Amankwah-Amoah and Wang, 2017). Hence travel and tourism industry is an important attribute in world and very much prosperousindustrythathelpsineconomicgrowthandprovideno.ofopportunitiesof employment. TASK 2 2.1 Assess the stages and timescales involved in developing holidays There are different stages and timescales that playing important role while developing holiday plans in travel and tour industry that are as follows: Market research: The main objective of market research in tour and tourism sector is to evaluate each and every factor that associated with market and destination. It is very crucial and difficult task to manage all things properly. In that tour operators have to access interest of people and according to it they have to operate interest and specialization of consumers (Bellman,2015). Tour operators have to find out potential, appeal and accommodation and other services while operating in travel and tourism industry so marketers have to find out interest area of consumers and then plan tour packages.
Planning and scheduling: In planning and scheduling of tour packages it is very necessary in organisation to coordinate with each other to get effective results (Chand and Katou,2012). In trail finders top management give instructions to their subordinates and according to them all works and proceedings prevails in whole organisation. In scheduling and planning dates, different types of tour packages, transportation and hotels and beverages are planned and scheduled. Forecasting: In forecasting includes train finders have to evaluate future demands of consumers by accessing different factors such as season, recent trends and development in tourism industry in particular locality with government regulations are important aspects that helps to forecast demand that appear in future (Cleere, 2012). Forecasting helps to grab large market share and give satisfactory results to their clients. Contracting: In contracting of travel and tourism sector includes to coordinate among different vendors, suppliers and dealers so that they integrate with each other and give satisfactory services to their customers. In contracting includes allocation of resources, commitment and ad hoc activities are includes to accomplish their goals and objectives. Timescales: Intimescalesincludestoaccomplishtasksanddutiesaccordingtoplanningand scheduling of tours and according to them complete the given services. 2.2 Evaluate the suitability of different methods of contracting for different components of the holiday and different types of tour operator Trail-finders is well known name in travel and tourism sector by giving various services to their consumers for enchanted experiences. For satisfactory results organisation integrate and contract with other dealers, contractors so that they provide their services to consumers in integrate manner (De Sausmarez, 2013). In that scenario contracting plays major role in travel and tourism industry. There are different types of contracting components that are as follows: Allocation contract: Inallocationcontractservicesprovidersintegratewitheachotherandprovides destinations, packages to their consumers so that they not feel any difficulties in handling various
customers. In that they provide all required services in better manner so that effective results should be accomplish in Trail-finders. Ad hoc contracts: In that type of contract in that some plans and packages are frame for special purposes andthatarenotpredecided.Sointravelandtourismindustrywithoutplanningand arrangements of costs that is scheduled on daily basis and hourly basis. Trail-finders planned to arrange according to discount packages in that sector. Time charter: In time charter it fix for a no. of voyages or for trips not for a period. Time charter not includes loading and uploading cost in travel and tourism industry (Dhiman, 2012). So to coordinate in different sectors there is need to different dealers so that effective results should be accomplish. Schedule services: In schedule services provides work and services that are pre plan and complete according to time schedule in travel and tourism industry. Such as airport transport services operated in schedule manner. Fixed contract: In fixed contract refersto increase sales and profit even in off season by managing consumers interest and effectively control risk associated in travel and tourism industry. 2.3 Calculate the selling price of a holiday from given information. Selling price is that price on which product and services sold to buyer of product. It is represented in currency units (Goldsmith,Tsiotsou, 2012). For example: students of Europe decide to visit from Paris to Austria to explore the places. For that they have to make luxury trip of 5 days by evaluating all these factors that are as follows: Cost of room(89*5)445 Cost of luxury coach per person7922 / 50158.44 Visitor attraction charges45.6 Cost of a local tour guide896/5017.92 Total cost666.96
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Add mark up186.7488 Total cost per person853.7088 Working note:Conversion in Euro7922 As per mention calculation, cost per person is 853.7088. above facts and figures show that cost of room is 445 per person and and cost of luxury coach is 158 rupees in which variable cost is fluctuate and fixed cost is stable. Hence total cost for a person in 854 rupees. TASK 3 3.1 Evaluate the planning decisions taken for the design of a selected brochure Brochure is a common marketing tool which is used for advertising and promotion of services or product in any industry (Duggan, 2012). Brochure helps to businesses to launch new products in existing market and in new market sphere. There are different factors that contributes in brochure development. Planning issues in brochure: In organisation brochure play crucial role in advertisement and promotions in better manner. There are some issues while frame brochure in content and their structure, style, quality of paper and font size that are different from organisation to organisation. Planning of brochure depends on budget of organisation and their objectives. Content if not in proper manner in brochure then it not properly clear in front of consumers. Structure of brochure should be right manner so that it give appropriate information. Paper quality is very important factor that impacts a lot. If it is not appropriate then it spoils perception of consumers. Size of fonts should be equal manner not in different in one brochure so that it look harmonious. Timescales and stages of production: in organisation while frame brochure there is need to pay attention on important considerations that are brief should be creative enough so that it grab attention of consumers. On other hand content should be proof read so that errors should be eliminate in proper way. While launching brochure there is need to follow specific steps so that it give desirable results. If these
attributes not be considered in proper way it impacts negative and attractive brochure should not be achieve. Other formats of brochure: organisation can promote their produts fromother formats of brochure includes CD, video, internet and TV from that marketers can promote their products and services with help of Brochure in trail-finders. Examination of distribution channel: Brochure helps to reach at large consumer base but for that effective distribution channel should be adopted. In which includes direct mail, specialist carriers, consolidated delivery if proper distribution network is not adopt by marketers then it can not reach at potential customers. Direct mail: with help of direct mail marketer can reach at potential consumers by observing their taste and preferences in better manner. Travel agencies: Travel and tour operator have to contact with other tour operators that connect with trail- finders so that they can deliver best services to their customer’s. 3.2 Assess the suitability of alternatives to a traditional brochure for different types of tour operator Brochure is an important attribute in advertisement and promotions of goods and services and it help to reach at large consumer base. It has different aspects that brings difference in traditional and modern brochure and in their objectives also. Thomas cook to reach at masses use brochure which is best source to advertisement and grab attention of people. It is best source to organisation to take feedback also of people and to acknowledge their key interest area of people. In e brochure organisation design brochures and send through different modes such as social media and webs. On other hand TUI groupusedtraditionalbrochure in which content is concise and visual images should not be use in that so that it is not as much effective in comparison to modern brochure. In traditional brochure structure of information is different from modern brochure that are not as much clear in view. For train finders the best method of advertising and promotions is e brochure because it helps to reach at large consumers and grab their attention.
E- brochure: E brochure is an informative document that is folded in a template, pamphlet and in leaflet. It is a unfolded paper set that can be put in packet. Trail finders widely use that tool to advertise and promote their services. CD ROM: CD ROM stands for compact disk read only memory, it can be read by an computer with optical device. In case of Trail finders it uses CD ROM to save data and information for future perspective. Smart phone app: A mobile application app is an software designed to run or control a mobile device, smartphone or mobile device. In case of Trail finder it operates an app that helps to know consumer responses and their requirements related to tour packages. 3.3 Evaluate the suitability of different methods of distribution used to sell a holiday for different types of tour operator Distribution channels and methods play a very important role in organisation to reach at potential consumer base. To communicate in effective manner there is need to link with right consumer base. The most appropriate method in case of luxury tour packages is internet because rich class people can easily access to these sources andalso marketers can reach is also large. There are different channels of distribution in travel and tourism industry that are as follows: Direct mail: This is one of best method to grab large and potential consumer base by observing their likes and dislikes on websites.In that service providers send relevant mails to their clients and according to them plan the tour packages. In that they evaluate their past choice and behaviour and according to it sent them mails. Direct mail is suitable for tour operators because from that source marketers can take feedback easily and make reforms according to them. Consolidated delivery companies: It is another channel of distribution in which major companies and service providers integrate to each other to satisfy consumer wants and give all services under one roof. In travel and tourism industry there are more than one tour operators integrate with each other to provide services to them. So, it works as a channel in promotion and advertisement of trail finders. There are different methods of distribution in tour and travel industry that are as follows:
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Direct distribution: Direct distribution is one of best method for small dealers in different scenario. In that method dealers contact directly with their clients and build personal relationship with them so that they become loyal consumers for them (Horner and, Swarbrooke, 2012). They influence them to buy their services by mould their behaviour and tactics to increase their sales.It is best suitable for them because marketers can reach frequently to customers and increase their Market base. Internet: Internet is one of the most useful and secure method to reachat large no. of consumers . Social media is one of the most accessible sources that help to marketers to reach at their potential consumer base and grab their attention as well. Internet is most suitable source because from that marketers can reach at large base of consumers and in internet competition is also less. TASK 4 4.1 Evaluate the strategic decisions made by different types of tour operator Strategies play crucial role in organisation whilelaunching and expanding market share in which various strategies should be adopted(Howes, Scarpaci and Parsons, 2012). For successful implementation of strategies there is need to understand wants and needs, perception of consumers to take effective decisions related t price, location and accommodations etc. are main attributes that helps in strategy implementation. Pricing strategies: Trail-finders is most well-known brand name in hospitality industry in which travel and tourism sector it deals to attract lot of consumerbase.To grab attention of consumers it is necessary to fix reasonable prices so that they easily avail their services. Pricing should be set according to market segment. Surcharge policy: Surcharge policy consist of Fees, charges, taxes or regimes that included in cost of goods and services. Surcharge includes in exist tax and not added in stated price of goods. By adjusting with price in goods and services gives benefits to consumers. Bundle pricing:
In bundle pricing companies offer discounts to consumer when they purchase goods and services in bundle rather than in separately. In case of Trail-finders when consumers purchase all services from them or purchase a complete tour package they give discounts on them. Economic pricing: Economic pricing is an valuation technique in which discounts and lower price should be offered on some products. It widely used in retail businesses, in case of Trail finders it gives economic pricing on services that rarely avail by consumers. Trail finders gives discount when consumers avail hotel services from their tie up hotels. Skimming pricing: Priceskimmingisapricingstrategyinwhichinitiallyhigherpricesaresetby organisation and gradually and lower price over time. In case of Trail finders it fixes price high at initial level and by observing consumer interest and preferences they lower price over time. Segmentation and positioning with image: segmentation, targeting and positioning is very important factor in business.To grab right consumers there is need of proper segmentation of market and according to them build cost and services. Trail finders have to divide their consumers according to different factors such as demographic and behavioural aspect. Trail-finders divides there market on basis of age group in which it mostly deliver to youngsters, couples according to them they frame their tour packages. On other hand with help of behaviour they monitor their activities on social media and evaluate their behaviour and tour packages. Distribution decisions: Distribution is very important tool in organisation to provide goods and service to potential customers. In trail finders they decide the best distribution channel to reach to their potential consumers. Strategies are very important for organisation while expanding and new launch of product and services in different market sphere (Witt, Brooke and Buckley,2013). In travel and tourism sector which is most changing and competitive industry that have to adopt new strategies to attract lot of consumers in market. In that scenario organisation have to take many decisions while expanding their market relation to price, product, place and distribution network are main aspects that have to adopt. According to market scape and competitor strategy organisation have to adopt different strategies according to demand and supply of products and services.
4.2 Compare the tactical decisions that could be taken by a selected tour operator in different situations In hospitality industry tactical decisions play crucial role in business expansion and developments to create and build portfolio of consumers. Tactical decisions helps to attain goals and objectives of organisation. Tactical responses: Responses and feedback are very potential for organisational development that are accessing through different sources in industries. Feedback help to reform in organisational products and services and give opportunities to organisation to erase their mistakes in proper way and effective results should be achieve (Li, Hu and Duan,2017). Feedback should be achieved in different manner by social media, questionnaire and other modes that helps to evaluate market position and their value in fierce competitive world.Feedbacks are useful in case of fierce competition and price wars that prevails in industry so at that time trail finders take revert about their products and make necessary reforms. Tactical pricing: Cost is an important attribute that help to grab attention of large consumer base. Organisation have to collect large consumers to avail their services there need to fix prices according to consumer income base and competitors so that competitive advantage should be gain in effective manner.For example fluid pricing which is very important term in travel and tourism sector in which prices constantly up and down according to demand and fill capacities. Trail-finders use these price strategy to grab large base of consumers. Tactical marketing: marketing is an important attribute which grab attention of large consumers in effective manner. The main role of advertising and promotions is to reach at their large and potential consumer base by right type of advertisement at right time and place so that effect results should be achieve. In trail-finders advertisement plays very crucial role to attract large consumer base and gain competitive advantage and remain market leader to gain huge share of market by effective advertising and promotional strategies.In trail-finders discounting is an important factor which use to enchant large consumer base. External factors decisions:
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In external factors consist of Macro environment analysis that are very beneficial for organisation while expanding its market share or launch a new product into market (Mohan and Baskaran, 2012). So at that time effective evaluation of macro environment factors should be taken that helps in riskeliminationat their best level and new operations can be successfully accomplish in trail-finders. In external factors includes political, social and economic etc.. that affects on business environment both positive and negative manner. CONCLUSION From the above report it has been concluded that travel and tourism sector is an important part of economy and develop day by day. It encounters many changes and development that is an important attribute in tourism development. In travel and tourism sector while plan holidays packages timescales and duration play a very important role in success.In addition to different types of operators are operating that helps in consolidate activities of travel and tourism sectors which enables togive satisfactory services to their consumers. Also different strategies that helps to take necessary decision making in every sector.
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