Tourism Management in Spain

In 2017, Spain has been ranked on the second position for being the most visited place in world with about 82.8 million tourist visiting the various destination sites every year. In the evolution of this tourism sector in Spain, along with the contribution of other countries, stakeholders also played a crucial part in boosting the economy and making the Spain as the most rated country in terms of tourism.

TOURISM MANAGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ESSAY.............................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

ESSAY
Tourism is basically the activities wherein the people travel to different places and
explore the environment for seeking leisure or for other business purpose. Tourism management
encompasses everything that comes under hospitality as well as travel industries. Spain ranks
among the second country whose tourism has contributed a large percentage to its economy. It is
one of the most visited country after US and France and attracts a large number of international
visitors every year.
This essay addresses the evolution of Spain tourism and stakeholders role, different
economic dimensions, various travel motivation and their growth and Drivers of globalization
and their outcomes.
The tourism in Spain has always patronized its citizens with an overwhelming love and
has been one of the most important contributor towards the growth of its economy. The tourism
in Spain has shown a significant growth form last few years and has been the most important
source of income for most of the inhabitants of Spain. In 2014, Spain achieved the 10th position
in terms of the life quality and thus shown a remarkable increase in the number of visitors to
about 3% as compared to the data of 2013. With an increase in the number of visitors, the
government of Spain spent a huge expenditure in the development of various destination sites.
From being the most popular destination for holiday, there has been the evolution from various
business sites to the summer reports as well as beaches like Costa Brava, Costa Blanca. In 2015
and 2016, Spain was ranked first among different 140 countries by Travel and tourism
competitive index due to the drastic increases in the number of visitors form across the world
(Brondoni, 2016). In 2018, Spain broke all the records in terms of the international visitors which
increased to 82.6 million from 62.2 million in 2017 along with the increase in the total
expenditure of 90,000 million euros. The survey of 2017 represent the growth in economy of
Spain by 0.9% due to the immense effect of tourism. In the last few years, there has been the
significant growth in the number of Russian and polish tourist in Spain. From 2017 to 2018,
there has been a profound increase in the passengers spending about 3.1% on the various
transport facility which has eventually lead to the growth of Spain economy. The statistics form
2018 shows that Spain has been ranked on the second position for being the most visited place in
world with about 82.8 million tourist visiting the various destination sites every year.

In the evolution of this tourism sector in Spain, along with the contribution of other
countries, stakeholders also played a crucial part in boosting the economy and making the Spain
as the most rated country in terms of tourism. Although there are many stakeholders but mainly
there are three main stakeholders which has revolutionized the entire Spain: local residents,
government and business associations. The role of each and every stakeholder in making the
country a success is imperative and has in their own way contributed towards the growing
economy. One of the core element in the development of Spain tourism are the local residents
and community where their participation in the development of various destination sites and
hence the tourism is significant (Moutinho and Vargas-Sanchez, 2018). They are involved in
numerous ways like purchasing the products of various resorts and beaches, leasing the land for
the purpose of tourism, and participating in the decision making related to tourism. Besides
these, the business associations also plays the vital role in boosting the tourism sector of Spain.
The make various partnership agreements with the tourism operators as well as provide
employment to large number of people from across the world within tourism sector.
According to a report of 2018, the various small and big tourism organizations in Spain
hired more than 10000 people from the nearby rural areas which eventually increased the growth
of tourism form 54% to 67%. The last stakeholders which are Spain government has been
considered as the most vital life organ in the growth of various sectors including tourism sector.
The government undergoes a various interventions and thus contribute a large amount of fund to
the tourism sector for boosting its growth. Besides this, the government launches a various
campaigns and programmes for stimulating the travel and tourism in their country for which they
spend a huge amount of money. In 2017, the Spain government came out with an innovative
campaign and marketed on a large platform which eventually the increased the number of tourist
in Spain from 75.2 to 82.6 million and thus raised the Spain economy.
The major future challenges for the Spain tourism which they may face are:
Although known for the technological innovation, upgrading and maintaining this level of
innovation would be great challenge for Spain tourism (Pham, Andereck and Vogt, 2019). Spain
would encounter major competition in terms of the technology as there are constant up-gradation
in it thus raising their level of innovation and providing better services to visitors will still be a
challenge.

Some of the popular destination sites in such as Balearic islands have reached the
saturation point which might cause environmental problems for Spain (Gómez, 2017). This will
threaten the tourist influx into the natural parks and beaches and would limit their migration,
This would be a biggest challenge for Spain as it would damage its natural heritage.
Tourism and economic growth has a close relationship and thus both are dependent on
each other for the growth. While the economy of the country bring revenue for the country which
is then utilized in various sector including tourism on the other hand, through the tourism sector
a large amount of money is generated which eventually increases the economy of the country
and improves the economic conditions. This tourism sector has played a significant role in
boosting the Spain economy and thus has increased the GDP from 5 to 10%. The increasing
number of visitors in Spain from last few years has eventually bought a huge amount of revenue
for the country and has thus accelerated the foreign exchange within Spain. Due to the immense
number of visitors there has been the huge spending on travel and transport, hotels which has
raised the GDP and has thus increased the revenue of Spain form 8% to 10%. Besides this, the
growth of tourism industry in Spain has also contributed towards the growth of various economic
indicators like consumer price index, exchange rates and the inflation level. Spain tourism had a
great impact on the exchange rates (Gretzel and et.al.,2015). Due to large revenue generation
from the various sub sectors of tourism industry, the exchange rate of Spain has increased from
500 to 800 euros due to which there has been a great amount of money generated from the
trading activities. Apart from this, there has been an increase of 5.2% in terms of the government
revenue from this industry in Spain due to which the economic conditions of Spain has been
stable.
Along with the economic growth, tourism sector in Spain also act as the multiplier effect
and thus has befitted other sectors also with its immense growth. The revenue generated by the
tourism sector not only affects the economic conditions but also projects a high impact on the
working of other industries. Tourism sector of Spain shares a close collaboration with other
sectors and industries as a whole and thus affect the way they advertises their products and
services. They serve as the accelerator for various other enterprises like telecommunications,
airline. It has been reported that in 2018, the revenue generated by the hotels and other industries
associated with the Spain tourism was increased from 32.6% to 52.7% and thus this has
benefited the entire economy of Spain. Thus tourism does not works alone but the other sectors

are also affected by its growth and thus brings the additional money for the country. For example
the visitors who came to visit Spain would book a hotel, Convenience transport, as well as the
flight tickets. Thus an increased number of visitors means greater number of flight tickets, hotel
bookings, transport facility which eventually generates a huge and additional amount of money
for the country. This Spain tourism also increases the probability and sales of these industries
and thus creates employment in these sectors (Inkson and Minnaert, 2018). In 2017, due to the
increased number of visitors in Spain, there has been a hike in air fares from across the world to
Spain from 4.5% to 7.2% which thus ultimately created a great profit for airline industries.
Besides this, the income and sales of various hotels in Spain has been reported to be raised from
6% to 8% due to the greater number of bookings for luxury services. Thus Spain tourism act as a
multiplier effect where it increased the sales of other sectors and thus bough additional income to
the country.
Apart form these, the tourism industry also plays an important role in the generation of
employment for urban as well as the rural areas. In 2018, according to the recent report, the
growth of the tourism industry increased the employment ratio in Spain in various sectors from
45% to 62.5%. Tourism act as the prime source of income for the local communities and some
backward classes for leading the comfortable life. With immense growth in the tourism sector of
Spain, there remains a need for the workforce who can serve the visitors better and make their
experience unforgettable. Thus, Spain tourism has created wide range of employment
opportunities for people from across the world as well as the nearby localities. Whether it is a
travel agent, travel guide or workforce in hotels, the increasing number of visitors in Spain has
opened the ways for people to work in this industry. There has been an increase of the
employment opportunities in various hotels from 4% to 7% in 2018 due to the arrival of large
number of people. As the visitors increases, there generates the need for the efficient people who
will great team better thus this has been the primary source of income for various backward
people (Raj and Griffin, 2015). Mostly the people from the nearby villages of Spain sell their
handmade products at various destination sites like museum, beaches which help them to
generate some money for the family. Besides this, there has been a need of various travel guides
for making the visitors aware of the majestic beauty of Spain travelling form across the world
thus, for some people this becomes the primary source for giving their family a comfortable life.

In this way, the tourism sector in Spain has created a various employment opportunities for the
people ranging from travel guide to the hotels and resorts.
Each and every individual have some or the other factor which motivates them to travel
and thus this constitute the travel motivations. Travel motivation is basically the needs as well as
the wants of tourists that influences them to travel to different parts of the world. This travel
motivation has been generated among the people due to to the advancement of technology. Since
the emergence of globalization and the advent of technology, people became more internet
driven and thus with this their demand for various attributes increased. From shopping to
spending some luxury time with the family, the demand of people for exploring the different
things has been increased. According to a survey, few years ago majority of people likes to sit at
home and enjoy their life but from 2014, the demand of the people for social interaction has
increased form 3.5% to 8.2% which a rapid growth in their changing perception (Handayani and
Rashid, 2016). Due to acceleration in technology and mixture of cultures within the country, a
curiosity has aroused within people to understand the different culture, their views, their
perception etc. This evolution in the demand of the consumers to explore various places has went
into their motivation to travel and has thus affected the tourism industry on a great extent. There
travel motivations like shopping, understanding the culture, self-fulfilment, social interactions
has thus evolved the way down and has made them to step out of the orthodox thinking. This
travel motivation has increased the demand of people to travel from 9% to 12.6% and thus
engaged them in appreciating the natural resources of other countries.
The various travel motivations of the people has compelled the tourism sector of Spain to
develop the various areas and destination spots which will bring more and more visitors and
hence will make the country as the most visited one. The growth of these factors has thus
allowed the government of Spain to have the majestic view of their country which will leave the
tourists overwhelmed. Majority of the people visit places with the motivation to understand the
customs, values and tradition of the native people and to enhance the communication with the
local community. Considering this factor, the Spain government has developed their historical
places like Alhambra, Catedral de Sevilla. According to report of 2015, seeing the demand of
people to understand cross culture, Spain government spent a lot of euros for the development of
these historical place which will reflect the natural beauty and history of the Spain. This

eventually increased the tourism in Spain from 4.5% to 9.2%. This demand of the people helped
Spain to create a great structure for the visitors.
The main travel motivation due to which the people visit places is the gaining the in
depth knowledge of various culture (Litvin, Goldsmith and Pan, 2018). As Spain is widely
known for its Tomatina festival and bull riding thus this becomes the main reason for the visitors
behind visiting Spain to know about this festival and experience the various adventures. This
travel motivation has eventually increased the intensity of tourism in Spain and helped them to
attract more and more visitors. Besides this, other travel motivation which has evolved over time
and forced people to visit various places are shopping, self-fulfilment and relaxation. Spain
understood the importance of the growth of these motivations and thus established various
beaches, shopping marts, museums and gardens where the people can gain knowledge along with
relaxing. Initially there were less number of beaches in Spain but seeing this growing demand of
the visitors, Spain government developed a wide range of beaches and gardens that helped in
growing the Spain travel industry.
Globalization and the tourism sector are highly dependent on each other and somewhere
complement one another in a positive way. Due to to the emergence of globalization, people are
able to travel to different parts of the works and exchange their views and ideas (Hristov and
Ramkissoon, 2016). This globalization has highly influenced the Spain tourism and thus has
benefited them in a great way. There are many globalization drivers which has affected the
tourism of Spain and helped them in generating greater revenues.
The perceived political as well as the regional stability of Spain has helped the tourism
sector to attract large number of visitors and build a congruence in the economic conditions.
Besides this, due to the high security aspects, Spain is under the safe zone where the level of
terrorism is very low almost negligible. Thus this influenced the visitors to travel to various
destination spots of Spain.
Spain is well known for the utilization of the innovative technology which has
revolutionized the entire tourism industry (Medlik, 2016). From telecommunication to the
transportation, technology has been in every aspect of Spain which has enabled to attract large
number of tourist every year.

The outcomes of these drivers is ultimately the greater economy of Spain, high
employment for the people and greater revenue generation for the country. Both the political and
technological drivers at the end proves to be beneficial for the Spain tourism and entice large
number of visitors every year (Mason, 2015). Due to the high mobility of these visitors, there
comes more and more revenue for the country because of the heavy spending of visitor on hotels,
transport, luxury services etc. This high revenue in turn increases the GDP of Spain due to which
more and more fund is generated through trading and import as foreign currency enters the
country. Besides this, due to immigration of visitors, people get more and more employment
opportunities not only in the tourism sectors but also in the other associated with it.
It has been summarized that the evolution of Spain tourism has marked a large number of
visitors visiting this place and the destination spots which has eventually raised the economic
condition of Spain. The role of stakeholders like government, local residents is imperative in
contributing towards the growth of tourism. They some or in the other way, helps in enhancing
the tourism and Spain and thus attracts large number of visitors. This growing Spain tourism has
not just raised the GDP and revenue of the country bust has also provided employment
opportunities to range of people in different sectors. Besides this, there are various travel
motivation like social interaction, understanding cross culture which compels the people to visit
different places and Spain has understood the importance of this travel motivation and attracted
people through their majestic places. There are various globalization drivers which impacts the
tourism industry like technological advancement. The outcome of these drivers is that due to
these drivers, the revenue in Spain increased to a high level and also provided various
employment opportunities to urban as well as the rural people.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Brondoni, S.M., 2016. Global Tourism Management. Mass, Experience and Sensations
Tourism. Symphonya. Emerging Issues in Management, (1). pp.7-24.
Gómez, L.M., 2017. Estudio de la imagen enoturística de España en Coímbra (Portugal).
Gretzel, U and et.al.,2015. Smart tourism: foundations and developments. Electronic
Markets. 25(3). pp.179-188.
Handayani, B. and Rashid, B., 2016. The Mediating Influence of Nation Brand Image in the
Relationship between Tourism and Hospitality Attributes and Behavioural
Intention. TEAM Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. 13(1). pp.1-14.
Hristov, D. and Ramkissoon, H., 2016. Leadership in destination management
organisations. Annals of Tourism Research. 61(C). pp.230-234.
Inkson, C. and Minnaert, L., 2018. Tourism management: an introduction. Sage.
Litvin, S.W., Goldsmith, R.E. and Pan, B., 2018. A retrospective view of electronic word-of-
mouth in hospitality and tourism management. International Journal of Contemporary
Hospitality Management. 30(1). pp.313-325.
Mason, P., 2015. Tourism impacts, planning and management. Routledge.
Medlik, S. ed., 2016. Managing tourism. Elsevier.
Moutinho, L. and Vargas-Sanchez, A. eds., 2018. Strategic Management in Tourism, CABI
Tourism Texts. Cabi.
Pham, K., Andereck, K. and Vogt, C., 2019. Local residents’ perceptions about tourism
development.
Raj, R. and Griffin, K.A. eds., 2015. Religious tourism and pilgrimage management: An
international perspective. Cabi.