International Travel and Tourism Management

This presentation discusses the key milestones, elements, and factors affecting tourism behavior in the international travel and tourism industry. It also explores recent trends and patterns in the industry. The presentation is relevant for students studying International Travel and Tourism Management.

International Travel and
Tourism Management

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 Key milestones in the development of the travel and tourism industry
 Different elements of travel and tourism industry
 Factor affecting Tourism behaviour
 Models of motivation and influence consumer decision making process
 Recent and Emerging pattern and trends in the international Travel Industries
 Factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
 Travel and Tourism refers to moving from one location to another for either
business or pleasure purpose which can be short/long distance,
domestic/overseas travel, for at least 24 hours, but no longer than 1 year.
 In this report, Marriott Hotel is taken as organization, which a leading global
is lodging company operating in UK.
 This report will discuss developments in Travel and Tourism industry and the
factors affecting tourist behaviours.
 It also includes current and future trends in tourism and different levels of
popularity of global destinations.

Key milestones in the development of the travel and
tourism industry
There are various milestones in development of T&T industry and some of them are
mentioned below:
 Personalization: Apart from standard travelling process, people value unique experience on the go
which has become top priority in modern trends like granting airline's special offers for most loyal
clients.
 Technology Recognition: The high-tech technology of recognition like facial, fingerprint
recognition, retina scanning & other biometric identification methods. It helps in not only security
purpose but also in quick & hassle free process.

Different elements of travel and tourism
industry
Tourism industry has two types of elements namely direct and indirect elements. Direct
elements are those which come in a direct contact with tourists. Some of them are stated
below.
 Hotels & flight packages: Travelling around becomes more fun if exciting offers are provided.
Same thing Marriott works on, it provides different travel deals based on travel destination, travel).
It provides best deals on a complete holiday with airfare and earns Marriott Bonvoy points.
 Ancillary services: Many hotels are providing the facility of tours and activities and the same has
been adopted by Marriott by providing amazing travel experience such as culinary experience with
locals in Rome, yoga on beach, spa holiday, golf holiday.

Factor affecting Tourism behaviour
There are various factors which have a strong impact on the behaviour of tourism and their decision making
process some of the important factors are mentioned below:
 Social factors- These factors includes culture, family and social level and have a great influence on
individual behaviour as they define. Thus group or outsiders influence purchase decision directly or
indirectly.
 Cultural factor- It play am important role in deciding the tourism behaviour and thus affect the business to
large extent. The tourist will like to visit those place which have great historical significance such as ancient
architecture, monument, ornament and other allied heritage. For example pyramids of Gaza (Egypt).
 Personal and Physiological factors- Personal factor explain change on the customer preferences as per
the situation and thus it influence buying behaviour of an individual. It includes age, life cycle stage,
lifestyles, etc.

Models of motivation and influence
consumer decision making process
 Need recognition: Needs arises when customer feel something is missing and these needs should be addressed
in order to fill the gap. There may be various needs which may arise within customer as per Maslow's Hierarchy
Needs and tourism is the one way of satisfying the physiological, safety, love, self-actualisation and esteem
needs of the customer such as travelling, leisure activities, creativity, need for relaxation and belongingness. It
provide intangible rewards such as fun, assurance and other emotional needs which drive the tourist to opt
tourism.
 Information search: The decision of buyer change continuously as they acquire more and more information
about different options of the hotels which satisfy their needs. It can be positive or negative. On the basis of
information gathered customer will take decision related to which hotel should be chosen that can satisfy its
needs.

Cont.
 Evaluation of Alternatives: In this step a customer will look for various alternative from the
information searched and will match the information gathered as per its need and will choose a
particular hotel accordingly. This evaluation is based upon various factors such as quality service,
price or any other factor which is important for customer. They compare prices or read reviews
and then select hotel which satisfies their parameters the most.
 Purchase decision: When all the strategies has been followed and then customer is willing to
take a decision like booking a hotel by evaluating all the facts and arrives to a logical conclusion.
According to the model of Engel, Kollet and Blackwell, here consumer moves to
decision making stage and chose make a purchase based on the rational sight and also customer
are affected by this decision.

Recent and Emerging pattern and trends in the
international Travel Industries
The tourism industry is evolving and keeps on expanding which has resulted in improvement in the
industry New Destination, new technologies and means of transport are the major cause for the
trends in industry. Due to recent trends in Tourism industry have led people to desire more and more
to live their holidays. Hotel industry are following trends right now and in the future.
 Healthy and organic food: The modern tourist wants healthy foods along with delicious in taste,
that's why number of peoples demands organic foods while industry focuses on their demands
and gives value to offer desire goods and beverage.
 Personalization: Today's customers expecting experience that closely match their personal
references due to which guests want to personalize their demands.

Factors affecting the popularity of a range
of global destinations
There are various factors which influences to run tourism industries. These
are-
Environment at destination
 Climate plays vital role in tourism destination because if climate is good in
that state number of tourism gets opportunity to reach destination in
minimum time. On other hand if climate change on different places such
as high winds, flash floods, draught etc. gives negative impact on tourism
journey. Thus, climate affects tourism destination.

Cont.
Economy
 Economy is a valid factor which gives impact tourism destination. For example if country eco0nomy isn't good
and number of people are unemployed as result they unable to pay money on leisures and travelling. On other
hand if country posses high revenue and employment ratio is high as result number of people potential to spend
money on leisures and enables to travel globally. Tourism industry also gets financial benefits by offering
advance services to tourist.
Technology
 Technology gives new platform to tourism industry and tourist because peoples can enjoy internet such as
peoples can get information about destination where they want to tour. Beside of this tourist can check tickets
prices and time of travelling. Peoples can share their experience about visiting places through.

CONCLUSION
 This report has been concluded
development of the travel and tourism industry and
how it supports to give shape of tourism industry.
 This report have been addressed about different factor
which affect tourism behaviour.
 In this report has been covered Maslow's Theory
Model and Engel, Kollet & Blackwell ( Purchasing
Model) etc. has been applied for motivation.

REFERENCES
 Bond, N., Packer, J. and Ballantyne, R., 2015. Exploring visitor experiences, activities and benefits at three
religious tourism sites. International Journal of Tourism Research. 17(5). pp.471-481.
 Cohen, S. and Cohen, E., 2018. Key Milestones and Changing Directions in the Sociology of Tourism. The SAGE
Handbook of Tourism Management. p.86.
 Khodadadi, M., 2016. Challenges and opportunities for tourism development in Iran: Perspectives of Iranian
tourism suppliers. Tourism Management Perspectives. 19. pp.90-92.
 Lee, T.H., Fu, C.J. and Tsai, L.F., 2018. Why does a firm participate in a travel exhibition? A case study of the
Taipei International Travel Fair. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. 23(7). pp.677-690.
 Olya, H. G. and Al-ansi, A., 2018. Risk assessment of halal products and services: Implication for tourism
industry. Tourism Management. 65. pp.279-291.