Analysis of Tourism Marketing and Related Topics

The provided document is a compilation of research papers and studies on tourism marketing, economic growth, and related topics. It covers topics such as the impact of global economic crises on tourism, the greenhouse gas intensity of the tourism sector, travel trade shows, and the estimation of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the tourism sector. The assignment aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these topics and their implications for the tourism industry.

Travel and Tourism
Sector

Contents
Contents...........................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................2
1.1 key historical development in travel and tourism sector.......................................................2
1.2 Structure of travel and tourism sector....................................................................................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 and 2.2Function of government, government sponsored bodies and international agencies4
2.3 implications of political change on the travel and tourism sector.......................................10
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................11
3.1 Factors affecting tourism demand.......................................................................................11
3.2 Supply has changed to meet the effects of demand.............................................................13
Task 4.............................................................................................................................................14
4.1 Evaluation of positive and negative economic, social and environmental impacts of
tourism.......................................................................................................................................14
4.2 Strategies that can be used in minimising the negative impacts while maximising the
positive impacts.........................................................................................................................15
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................18

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring, the
business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating
tours (Aldebert, Dang and Longhi, 2011). This report will cover the impact of tourism industry
on the economy of the country. TUI group, a renowned tourism organisation incorporating its
business operations in United Kingdom. This report will cover the historical development in the
travel and tourism sector effectively. Further, it will aim to explain the structure of the travel and
tourism sector. Analyses of the function of government, government sponsored bodies and
international agencies in travel and tourism will be made in this report. The impact of local and
national economic policy influences the success of industry will be discussed and the factors
which affects the tourism demand will covers in this report. Evaluation of positive and negative
impacts on economic, social and environmental conditions of two countries will be made in this
report.
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TASK 1
1.1 key historical development in travel and tourism sector
1.2 Structure of travel and tourism sector
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3

TASK 2
2.1 and 2.2Function of government, government sponsored bodies and international agencies
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6

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2.3 implications of political change on the travel and tourism sector
Political change can affect the overall company performance. To maintain firm
performance they need to provide additional services and also apply updated technologies.
Political changes can either increase or decrease a country attractiveness depends on the changes.
There are many countries that have not good quality services and products for the travelling.
They do not have effective sand efficient transportation to move surrounding the world. Some
countries not providing good and effective services for the tourism. They need add additional
services such as holiday packages, additional facilities, good transportation etc. These all are the
facilities that should follow to increase efficiency in the industry.
Maxico is the country that have negative impact of political change. Recently current
president has taken a stand on the drug trade and it also increases the violence between police
and drug distributor. This comes under security law. Violence affects the tourism sector. They
need to solve the appropriate problem by applying different types of strategies and approaches. It
will help to solve the issue efficiently Because of this problem they are not able to provide
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services of the transportation in another countries. In Maxico there is no appropriate
transportation from particular source from the destination. Political changes directly affects
performance of the company in the industry.
In Thailand, some of the companies lost tourist money in its protests, especially after the
airport was taken over. Politically unstable situations can result in a public reluctance to travel to
a country. Government also give warning the peoples cannot go to the other countries.
Government gives restrictions to the peoples that they are not going to another destinations. By
this kind of political changes the companies cannot get higher performance in the industry. To
solve this kind of situation they need to follow some strategies and approaches to increase
efficiency in the market.
In Landon they provide new visa for the Chinese tourist and they provide appropriate and
effective plans for the tourism. In 2016 they provide visa for china tourist which is valid for 2
years. They also fixed their limit for the visa such as 4 times the usual 6 month limits for
standard visitor and they also planned for introducing new 10 year multiple entry visas for
Chinese peoples. In china, there is one program for the government agencies “ great Chinese
welcome program” for the customers. VisitBritain said Chinese tourist in Landon spend twice as
long as they do in Europe. This strategies help to increase productivity of tourism in china. It
helps to increase productivity in the tourism sector in china.
TASK 3
3.1 Factors affecting tourism demand
There are many factors that affect tourism business in the industry. To improve a
performance in the market they need to provide effective and efficient services to the customers
(Chevalier and Serre, 2012). Based on the client needs the y need to provide their services to
satisfy consumer needs. TUI group provides good quality services to the clients so that they can
easily expand and enhance a business in the industry. There are many factors that affects tourism
business. Price and customer satisfaction is the most common factor that affect overall
performance in the industry (Fesenmaier and et.al., 2012). To maintain brand recognition and
services in the market they need to provide good quality services to the clients. Price factor also
affect the tourism because if some company provided effective services to the customers then
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they will utilize their services. To overcome this type of affect then they need to provide services
and product based on the client needs (Tsiotsou and Ratten, 2010).
Price factor
Price factor directly affects overall performance in the industry (Moore and et.al., 2009).
Some players follow pricing strategies and approaches to attract customers for enhancement of
the business in the industry. They provide effective services at lower rate. The utilization of the
services is high in the market (Gössling, Hall, Peeters and Scott, 2010). Some organizations
apply different types of pricing strategies to attract a customer in the industry. Customers only
take services which is more securable and have good quality (Ossig and Graf, 2002). To increase
performance in the industry they need to follow different types of strategies and approaches.
Customer satisfaction
Client satisfaction is more important role in tourism. There are some companies that
provides services based on the client needs. By satisfying customer needs TUI firm can get more
profit and also get higher performance in the world (Perry and Riege, 2000). Customer
satisfaction affects demand and supply of the tourism. Some of the companies provided effective
and efficient services based on the consumer demands. They provide transportation services,
packages based on the customer needs.
Taste of the consumer
Tourism demand and supply is totally based on the customer taste. Taste of the client can
vary in different situation (Riege and Perry, 2000). Depends on customer needs they provide
effective and efficient services to enhance a business in the industry.
These all are the factors that affects demand and supply tourism in the industry. Based on
the demand TUI need to produce a product and the services to the customers. To overcome the
problems they need to follow some strategies and approaches to increase productivity in the
market (Voola and Yuksel, 2010). To enhance a tourism business in the industry TUI need to
follow appropriate strategies. By providing effective and efficient services they will get higher
performance and also achieve desired goal. Each customer has different demand and based on
the demand only they supply service to the clients (Scott, Peeters and Gössling, 2010). Customer
satisfaction directly increase supply because based on the consumer needs only they provide
services. Price factor also affect overall performance of the firm in the industry because some
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companies in UK follows pricing strategies to reduce demands of customers (Wise and Sirohi,
2005).
3.2 Supply has changed to meet the effects of demand
Demand and supply are inter-related to each other whenever demand will increase the
supply will also increase in the market (Yoo and et.al., 2012). To maintain demand and supply in
the market TUI need to follow some strategies and approaches to achieve desired goal. There are
different types of factors for supply has changed to meet the effects of demand as follows:
Law of demand
It states that in which when the price increases in the industry then the quantity demanded
will fail. Demand and supply is inter-connected to them. There are four basic laws of demand
and supply as follows:
 If demand increases in the industry and supply remain unchanged then the result will lead
to a higher price (Evans, Stonehouse and Campbell, 2012).
 If demand decreases and supply remains unchanged thus leads to a lower price in the
industry.
 If demand remain unchanged and supply increases thus lead to a lower price (Frey and
George, 2010).
 If demand remain unchanged and supply decreases thus leading to a higher price.
Equilibrium price
The market price at which the supply of the products equal the quantity demand. Price
can be varied in the industry because based on the demands only the firm can supply products in
the market.
These all are the factors that will help to meet the effects of demands. Based on the
demands they will provide product and services to the customers (Perch-Nielsen, Sesartic and
Stucki, 2010). There are many factors that will help to maintain relationship between demand
and supply (Gössling, Hall, Peeters and Scott, 2010). TUI group need to follow different types of
strategies and approaches to reduce issues in the market. Demanding and supplying only depends
on the customer. When price increases in the market the consumers will not buy a product and
services of particular company. To improve a performance of the firm in the industry they need
to provide effective, efficient transportation plans and policies to the customers (Heung,
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Kucukusta and Song, 2010). TUI group expands a business in the market by providing good
quality transportation services to the clients.
Demand and supply are related to each other such as when the demand is high in the
market then supply will increase in an industry. Based on the client needs they provide products
and services (Frey and George, 2010)
Task 4
4.1 Evaluation of positive and negative economic, social and environmental impacts of tourism
The positive and negative impacts of TUI group products in Egypt and Turkey are provided
below:
Positive economic, social and environmental impacts in Egypt
Tourism provided by TUI group helps in boosting the economy of the country in
effective and efficient way. It helps in providing employment to the localities of Egypt, thus aid
in reducing the unemployment rates (Gladstone, Curley and Shokri, 2013). Tour conducted by
TUI groups helps in spreading the socio-cultural environment of the country. Thus, it helps in
promoting the culture of Egypt in efficient ways. Travel and tourism helps in increasing the
knowledge and information about the culture of different people who visit Egypt. Further, it will
also provide knowledge about the country history and traditional values (Narayan, Narayan,
Prasad and Prasad, 2010). Tour and travel products delivers by TUI group are environmental
friendly. These products do not harm the environment of Egypt. The mode of transportation used
by the organisation uses non conventional sources of energy, thus reducing the carbon emission
in the country (.Papatheodorou, Rosselló. and Xiao, 2010). The concept has attracted a huge
amount of individuals worldwide. The factor has improved the living standards of the people.
When comparing the current scenario with the history, there seems to be a very vast difference in
the standards of living. Another advantage of this can be considered as the minimized level of
poverty. It has reduced the whole poverty level in Turkey (Perch-Nielsen, Sesartic and Stucki,
2010). According to some studies, there seems to be a positive relation between the rate of
poverty minimization and the maximization of the economic growth. It has also improved the
technological and infrastructural changes (Pizam and Mansfeld, 2016). As the economy of
Turkey continues for growth, the amount on the transportation facilities have also been
increased, thus it is helping in providing wages as well to the needed. There has been an
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improvisation in the healths and lifestyles of the people as well. Whether, it is regarding clothing,
whether the shelter or the food, the economic, social and these impacts have provided the
population a bunch of all of these.
Negative economic, social and environmental impacts in Egypt
Tourism sector compose of multiple negative impacts that effects the social, economic
and environmental condition of Egypt (Papatheodorou, Rosselló and Xiao, 2010). There are
many hidden costs to tourism, which can have unfavourable economic effects on the host
community (Ragab and Meis, 2016). Excessive tourism leads to devastation of tourist
destination. There are many sacred and restricted areas which prohibits tourism. TUI sometimes
conduct tourism in that sectors, thus eschewing the regulation and damaging their cultural
beliefs. Further, many a times tourists damages the natural resources and historical heritage
places in Egypt (Ritchie, Molinar and Frechtling, 2010). This leads to increase in conflicts
between tourists and localities. Further, tourism damages the natural environment of Egypt and
leads to devastation of natural resources (Heung, Kucukusta and Song, 2010). Although the
economic growth is good for the welfare, but is as bad and negative for destruction. The progress
by the economic growth of Turkey has also lead to the destruction of the economic structure.
Specially the old monuments and infrastructures have been affected in order to make a new one
(Raslan, 2013). It has also leaded to the shift in the structure of the production. Along with it, it
has also generated various health challenges. AS there is an increase in the economic growth,
there has been observed a decrease in the challenges of health. The inequality issues in the
income has also decreased because of it. The level of pollution has also increased to a huge
extent (Wu and Shi, 2011). AS all the facilities are available such as transportation etc., along
with it people use their own vehicles. So, all these factors leads to a huge content of pollution in
the air, thus affecting the human lives too.
4.2 Strategies that can be used in minimising the negative impacts while maximising the positive
impacts
In order to overcome the issues that are faced by the countries, there are certain set of
steps that need to be considered. This way, the negative impact can be controlled and the rate of
tourism can be raised. In this context, below given are few of the strategies that Turkey and
Egypt should consider:
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Implementation of law: There are many different type of illegal activities that has raised
due to which the people develop negative perception within their mind for visiting these
countries. In this context, it is important to have strict laws are made so that people think before
performing or undertaking any type of illegal activities (Papatheodorou, Rosselló and Xiao,
2010). Further, it is also important they there is proper support from the side of officers who are
the protector of law. When they make sure that all the steps taken are proper, then they get to
develop a healthy environment in which people are free of any type of illegal activities. As a
result the rate of visitors will get increased effectively and efficiently.
Equal opportunity: There are many type of organization among these countries that are
focused to make sure that proper support is provided to the countries. However, it is identified
that the rate of support that the government provides is not equal. The companies that are large
gets proper support and the small once are not able to contribute effectively. In this context, it is
important to make sure by the government that they have effective polices so that the rate of
performance can be improved and all the firm are provided with equal opportunities in which
they can support the country to grow (Ragab and Meis, 2016). Further, it is also identified that
the price for products and services increases when purchases are made from large firms.
However, when there are proper support from small firms, then travellers can spend highly and
can make use of the services at low price and high quality.
Proper monitoring: It is important that all the people in these countries have proper
knowledge and awareness. This way, they will be supportive enough to make sure that the
country grows and the number of visitors also increase. There are heritages that are destroyed
and it requires the government to take up proper monitoring in which they properly maintain and
make it attractive so that more and more people around the world can be attracted.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that travel and tourism industry plays an
important role in developing economy of the country. This report describes the key historical
development which are essential for travel and tourism sectors. Further, this report efficiently
explain the roles of governmental policies and legislation regarding tourism. In addition to this,
the implications of political change on the travel and tourism sector in different countries was
examined effectively in this report. Thus, it will help in providing effective knowledge about the
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cultural values and beliefs of people living in different countries. Moreover, the positive impacts
on social, economic and environmental factors of tourism has been evaluated in this assignment.
Strategies formulated that will aid in eliminating negative impacts has been covered in this
report.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Aldebert, B., Dang, R.J. and Longhi, C., 2011. Innovation in the tourism industry: The case of
Tourism@. Tourism Management. 32(5). pp.1204-1213.
Chevalier, C. and Serre, L. D., 2012. Marketing travel services to senior consumers. Journal of
Consumer Marketing. 29(4). pp.262 – 270.
Evans, N., Stonehouse, G. and Campbell, D., 2012. Strategic management for travel and
tourism. Taylor & Francis.
Fesenmaier, R. D. and et.al., 2012. Informing destination recommender systems design and
evaluation through quantitative research. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and
Hospitality Research. 6(4). pp.297 – 315
Frey, N. and George, R., 2010. Responsible tourism management: The missing link between
business owners' attitudes and behaviour in the Cape Town tourism industry. Tourism
Management. 31(5). pp.621-628.
Gladstone, W., Curley, B. and Shokri, M.R., 2013. Environmental impacts of tourism in the Gulf
and the Red Sea. Marine pollution bulletin. 72(2). pp.375-388.
Gössling, S., Hall, C.M., Peeters, P. and Scott, D., 2010. The future of tourism: Can tourism
growth and climate policy be reconciled? A mitigation perspective. Tourism Recreation
Research. 35(2). pp.119-130.
Heung, V.C., Kucukusta, D. and Song, H., 2010. A conceptual model of medical tourism:
Implications for future research. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 27(3). pp.236-251.
Moore, W. C. and et.al., 2009. Small Business Management: Launching & Growing
Entrepreneurial Ventures. Cengage Learning.
Narayan, P.K., Narayan, S., Prasad, A. and Prasad, B.C., 2010. Tourism and economic growth: a
panel data analysis for Pacific Island countries. Tourism economics. 16(1). pp.169-183.
Ossig, C. and Graf, L., 2002. Review of the concept of travel typologies: The case of
Switzerland. Tourism Review. 57(4). pp.28 – 32.
Papatheodorou, A., Rosselló, J. and Xiao, H., 2010. Global economic crisis and tourism:
Consequences and perspectives. Journal of Travel Research. 49(1). pp.39-45.
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Perch-Nielsen, S., Sesartic, A. and Stucki, M., 2010. The greenhouse gas intensity of the tourism
sector: The case of Switzerland. Environmental Science & Policy. 13(2). pp.131-140.
Pizam, A. and Mansfeld, Y. eds., 2016. Tourism, crime, and international security issues.
Chichester: Wiley.
Ragab, A.M. and Meis, S., 2016. Developing environmental performance measures for tourism
using a Tourism Satellite Accounts approach: a pilot study of the accommodation industry
in Egypt. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 24(7). pp.1007-1023.
Raslan, H., 2013. Tourism in Egypt. Africa Insight, 33(1/2), pp.43-47.
Riege, M. A. and Perry, C., 2000. National marketing strategies in international travel and
tourism. European Journal of Marketing34(11/12). pp.1290 – 1305.
Ritchie, J.B., Molinar, C.M.A. and Frechtling, D.C., 2010. Impacts of the world recession and
economic crisis on tourism: North America. Journal of Travel Research. 49(1). pp.5-15.
Scott, D., Peeters, P. and Gössling, S., 2010. Can tourism deliver its “aspirational” greenhouse
gas emission reduction targets?. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 18(3). pp.393-408.
Tsiotsou, R. and Ratten, V., 2010. Future research directions in tourism marketing. Marketing
Intelligence & Planning. 28(4). pp.533-544.
Voola, R. and Yuksel, U., 2010. Travel trade shows: exploratory study of exhibitors' perceptions.
Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing. 25(4). pp.293 – 300.
Wise, R. and Sirohi, N., 2005. Finding the best marketing mix. Journal of Business Strategy.
26(6). pp.10 – 11.
Wu, P. and Shi, P., 2011. An estimation of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in tourism
sector of China. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 21(4). pp.733-745.
Yoo, J. and et.al., 2012. The roles of personal innovativeness and push vs pull delivery methods
in travel-oriented location-based marketing services. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism
Technology. 3(2). pp.86 – 95.
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