Enhancing Assessment and Treatment of Cocaine Misuse in United Kingdom : Report
Added on 2020-01-23
11 Pages4043 Words55 Views
Disease and DisordersHealthcare and ResearchPolitical Science
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Enhancing Assessment andTreatment of Substance Misuse
TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3Cocaine dependence in United Kingdom.............................................................................................3Harm Reduction Strategies...................................................................................................................3Intervention in public and school based anti-cocaine campaigns....................................................4Abstinence Approach.......................................................................................................................5Interventions that helps in promoting abstinence approach ............................................................6Policies in the United Kingdom and international health policies to prevent the misuse of Cocaine..7Quality of the evidence (Strengths and Limitations)............................................................................8CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................8REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................10
INTRODUCTIONSubstance use also generally termed as drug misuse is excessive usage of those substanceswhich causes intoxication, addiction and dependence of that particular substance (Dietz and et.al,2013). The quantity and amount of substance consumed by an individual gradually increases and itdevelops the capacity of enhanced dependence with time. There are different definitions of drug orsubstance misuse according to the health and medical centres. Substances which are included indrug abuse can range from few alcohol categories to potent drugs such as cocaine, marijuana,opioid, barbiturates, hypnotics and substituted stimulant drugs. Different types of behaviouralchanges are noticed in individuals who are under the influence of several substances that leads tointoxication and addiction (Sofuoglu and et.al, 2013).This report will include three different types of treatment interventions for an addictivedisorder caused due to cocaine. It will also focus on various logical explanations which will supportclinical interventions for the treatment of cocaine misuse in UK. Lastly, the report will includeevidences which can be analysed in accordance with treating cocaine misuses in UK and Europeancountries. COCAINE DEPENDENCE IN UNITED KINGDOM According to different surveys, it has been reported that the overall rate of cocaine misusein United Kingdom has gradually decreased over the time as compared to values recorded in theyear 2008-2009 (Marsch and et.al, 2014). More number of individuals under the age group of 16-24has been misusing cocaine from a very long time. Cocaine is a potent drug that is extracted from theplant of coca (Russo, 2015). It creates dependence after the prolonged usage of drug. It has theability to cause different types of hallucinations in an individual who is consuming it. Drug abusesurvey in UK recorded that the misuse of cocaine in UK resulted in death of more than 300individuals in 2014 which has increased by 3% as compared to death in 2013 (Kapil and et.al,2014). The main factor which is responsible for developing cocaine abuse is reported to beemotional and childhood trauma caused in early stages of life of children.HARM REDUCTION STRATEGIESHarm reduction strategies are those plans which are developed by healthcare administrationsystem to reduce the harm caused to vulnerable individual and to the people of different community(Reed and et.al, 2015). These strategies or drug interventions mainly focus on decreasing the riskassociated with different types of drug abuse in UK. This can be reduced by successfullyimplementing measures such as avoiding sharing of needles and injections to provide differentsubstituted drug in place of cocaine to reduce its abuse. These strategies should be incorporated inall drug abuse treatment services on the basis of legal contracts or agreements (Abraha and Cusi,
2012). It is very necessary for overall system to participate in reducing harm causes to differentindividuals because of cocaine misuse. The system should aim at eliminating number of diseases,death and infections caused due to excessive usage of cocaine in earlier or later stages of life.Cocaine is a very potent drug which has the ability to gain addictive power of an individualvery easily. With prolonged use of cocaine or any type of drug, the normal functioning of brain isdisturbed and the nervous system is reverted to abnormal activities under the influence of drugs(Noone and et.al, 2015). The sensitivity of brain towards normal functioning is reduced. With time,dependence is created for particular drug which causes development of unusual symptoms if adesired quantity of drug is not present in the body. These symptoms are also known as withdrawalsymptoms which are characterized by the need of cocaine in same quantity as it was used for thefirst time to experience pleasure and comfort. Numerous side-effects of cocaine abuse has beenreported which ranges from anxiety, panic attacks, restlessness, excessive sweating, irritability anddeath of people. The most common symptom of misusing cocaine is that a person startshallucinating either in audible or in visual sense (McMullen Conlan and Kipping, 2015).Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) approach and Maladaptive thinking This is one of the most efficient therapies which is also known as talking therapy that isspecially used in the cases where an individual is exposed to substance misuse during the teenageyears or in later stages of life (Strang and et.al, 2012). CBT approach is very effective in addressingthe people who are under the influence of cocaine from a long period of time. The approach isbased on identifying the reason for addiction which gradually changes the way in which a personthinks and behaves in front of other people. It is one of the most effective theories used to changethe maladaptive thoughts which arise during the time of cocaine addiction. CBT helps in identifyingall the maladaptive thoughts which highly influence the behaviour and emotions of an individual incertain ways (Common Maladaptive Behaviors, 2016.). Maladaptive thoughts arise from the stem ofchildhood which tempts the person to indulge in different types of addictions. Main aim of CBT isto consider various issues related to maladaptive thinking. This tends to change the negativethoughts by removing the feeling of fear and negative consequences from a person's mind that isaddicted to cocaine.Relapse Prevention Relapse is defined as the situation when the symptoms of different drug addiction arisewhen the subject is not able to respond to the treatment in a positive way. Many individuals who tryto quit cocaine addiction experience a relapse condition which increases the intensity of cocaine tohigher level (Sofuoglu and et.al, 2013). Relapse prevention therapy is a type of cognitive-behavioural approach which addresses the issue of relapse condition during the treatment of drug
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