Tuberculosis in India: Report

Running head: TUBERCULOSIS IN INDIA
TUBERCULOSIS IN INDIA: REPORT
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TUBERCULOSIS IN INDIA
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Tuberculosis in India.......................................................................................................................2
Factors contributing to outbreak of tuberculosis.............................................................................4
Difference in socio-economic status............................................................................................4
Poverty.........................................................................................................................................5
Tuberculosis as public health issue in India....................................................................................6
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7
Reference.........................................................................................................................................8

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Introduction
Tuberculosis is an ancient disease and the leading cause of death worldwide. It is the
disease which has caused by deadly bacteria known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is the
most studied and researched area in the field of science to find ways to lower the incidence of the
disease globally. Therefore, the primary aim of the report is to give detail knowledge about the
outbreak of tuberculosis in India. The report has provided insight into the disease and its
epidemiology. It has talked about the incidence of the disease in India with supporting data and
statistic. The report has majorly highlighted the two social factor which has affected the disease
in the population of the disease, which includes low socio-economic status (low income) and
poverty. Further, the report reflects the prioritisation of the disease in India and as well as
globally.
Tuberculosis in India
Tuberculosis is the one the leading cause of death in the health care sector. It is the
disease which is caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, which is known to affect the lung in
the human body. It is the contagious infection which can get spread to another organ such as
brain and spine (1). The primary concern with the disease is that it does not show any symptoms,
and 90% of tuberculosis remain latent and become active are advanced stage. The typical
symptoms associated with the disease are chronic cough of blood, the occurrence of fever, loss
of appetite, night sweat and chest pain (2). Tuberculosis can get easily spread to other people
through the medium of air, spit, sneezing and remaining in contact with the affected person.
In 2017, more than 1.6 million died because of tuberculosis, and it is most common in the
south-east Asia and Western Pacific region (28). It reported by WHO, among India, Indonesia,

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Philippines, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, South Africa and China, India has the highest burden
of the disease wherein every three minutes there is the death of two infected person (3). In 2016,
the World Health Organization reported 2.79 million people with tuberculosis. In India, there has
been a report of 79000 Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases each year (4). India
has the highest rate of HIV associated Tuberculosis after South Africa. In 2016 there has been a
total of 4.5 lakh death out of 28 lakh cases of tuberculosis (5). Apart from the estimated cases of
TB, India has more than millions of cases which remained unidentified in the rural region. In
conclusion, it can be said that about 40% of the whole population of India are affected by
tuberculosis.
When the prevalence of tuberculosis is seen globally, it is reported that in 2017 there has
been total 1.3 million deaths in the HIV positive patients and more than 3000,000 death due to
Mycobacterium infection (6). Globally, more than 10 million cases were reported where 5.8
million were men, 3.2 million were women, and 1 million were children. Cases of tuberculosis
were reported in every country where 90% were adult peoples (7). 2/3th of the tuberculosis
incidence is reported in the seven different countries viz. India, China, Indonesia, Philippines,
Pakistan, Nigeria and South Africa. Among the seven countries, India accounts for 27% of cases,
followed by China with 9% of cases (8). Globally, 82% of the total situation is reported in 2017
for drug-resistant tuberculosis in which India holds 24%, which is followed by China and
Russian Federation with 13% and 10% of cases. China and India alone hold for 40% of the
global gap (9).
In 2017, a total of 6.4 million new cases worldwide related to tuberculosis had been
notified officially which has raised since last four years where 5.7 to 5.8 million cases used to get
reported annually (4). The primary reason for such an increase in cases is because of the