Understanding and Leading Change

This study explores the impact of change on the strategy and operations of two companies, the drivers of change, measures to minimize negative impacts, and models to evaluate organizational response to change.

UNDESTANDING AND LEADING
CHANGE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.......................................................................................................................................................3
Change impact on strategy and operations of two given companies........................................................3
Drives of change in company..................................................................................................................4
Measures taken to minimize negative impacts of change on organizational behavior.............................5
Appropriate models and theories to evaluate organizational response to change.....................................7
Conclusion and recommendations...........................................................................................................8
TASK 2.......................................................................................................................................................9
Different barriers to change and its influence on leadership decision making.........................................9
Evaluate effectiveness of leadership approaches & models of change management...............................9
Examine use of force field analysis.......................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Understanding and leading change bring benefits for firms as it help to build up morale of
management to response change effectively. The current study is based on two organization case
studies in which both companies are affected due to change or drivers of change. This study will
explains comparison between both given companies in context of change impact on its business.
It also define drivers of change, evaluate measure to be taken to decrease negative affects of
change on OB and justify models to response organizational change. Furthermore, this study
evaluates use of Force filed analysis and leadership models to deal with change in range of
organizational contexts.
TASK 1
Change impact on strategy and operations of two given companies
Change is a integral part of business growth and success, it affects in positive or negative
manner on strategies and operations of two given companies (Abratt and Mingione, 2017). By
applying Bohnner and Arnold change impact analysis, both organizations determine drivers of
change. It defined as determining potential consequences of modification or estimating what
things to be change to accomplish a alter.
Jessops is a market leader in photographic business for more 75 years; it was founded in
1935 in Leicester. In recent time, firm is known as premier photographic retailer in United
Kingdom operating from over 2000 outlets around the nation. Modern photographic sector has
changed a lot due to customers demand. Change in consumer preferences is considered as
external driver of change that impact on business performance and photography operation
negatively this change is emergent not planned. Instead of visiting outlets people prefer to click
picture via using smart phones because it save time and set images as well as their background
according to mood. It is not suitable for growth and long term success of company. Company
need to implement specific machines and technology that fulfill needs of clients and retain them
for long period. This kind of change really affects firm strategy regarding serving their target
market. In recent time, individual prefer to add unique and attractive features in their pictures

which they can as What up or Facebook DP. People are more curious about utilizing new
photographic equipment or tools that are now in trends.
As compare to other case study based on Enterprise Rent a car, it has been analyzed that
this company is also facing issues due to some external or internal drivers of change that affects
operations and business strategies of firm. Organizational culture is considered as internal force
of change which influences production procedure and plans related to it. It comprised of beliefs,
norms, values and meaning that are shared by individuals and teams within company to create
effective work culture which enhance performance level rather than before. When manager
shared their point of views and innovative ideas with staff it contributes to make strong
workforce (Kim, Kim and Kim, 2019). But on the other hand, it affects negatively when leaders
were unable to encourage people for taking part in decision making procedure. It creates
negative environment around work place that is not suitable for growth of business. All these
drives of change identified with the help of change impact analysis. Organization culture change
impact more than other change as discuss in context of Jessops. Both companies are facing issues
due to different type of change discussed above.
Drives of change in company
PEST analysis-
Political factor-
Government policy made for retailers and producers of electronic products is considered
as external driver of change that affects leader’s leadership styles within Jessops Company.
Disposal of electronic items such as photographic equipments offer by firm is one of the
problems that affect organization business performance (Leclerc and Badami, 2020).
Government put pressure on company to promote more recycling items that save environment
and protect it from pollution. Waste electrical and electronic equipment regulations are created to
reduce amount of electronic waste going to landfill places. It impact production procedure as
management need to consider the principles and norms of this rule which is really very essential
for growth of business. Company had to responds to WEEE regulations by supporting national
fund to help local authority to create collection facilities for electronic goods. This driver of
change also influences individual and team behavior. According to government concern for

environment company need to change their business practices it put pressure on worker to
perform accordingly that is impossible to do in short term period. Team behavior toward
management gets change they are unable to work with this change because it require more time
to understand overall situation.
Economic factor-
Along with the above one, economic factor also affects Jessops business practices and
performance as well (Leung and Seo, 2018). Recession is another driver of change which impact
on company productivity negatively. Firm feel more pressure from side of UK government to
hire more applicants within their company for improving the living standards of local people
which get affected due to unemployment caused by recession. The impact of this driver force
company for except the change and work according to the situation that may be not beneficial for
them as well as its workers. Many recruiters were forced to cut salary or to keep pay rises very
low, it demotivated existing workforce. It changes the whole employment practices and policies
that consume a lot of time & money as well. Recession as driver of change put negative impact
on individual and group behavior. When Jessops management hire new applicants with less skills
it impact on existing staff as they are unable to work with them. Team performance also gets
affected due to this driver, group members are unable to perform because unskilled people take
time to understand each and every thing while performing in workplace.
Social factor-
Community is continually modifying, tastes, nature, behavior and fashions constantly
change as people follow current trends that impact on business operational strategies negatively
or positively (Walia, Srite and Huddleston, 2016). Growing popularity of Facebook and Twitter
especially among younger impacts on Jessops positively. Company is able to meet different
consumer needs they consider market trends and behavior of buyers before offering services or
products which aid to satisfied their target market in effective manner. Many people are unable
to upload their picture on social media sites as they need to produce photo books. By generating
awareness about this product organization gain the attention of consumers and able to drive them
towards buying items which in return increase sales rather than before. Social change driver put
positive impact on company for change as they offer 25 minute services for prints. According to

this driver Individual need to efforts more than before to conduct market research. On the hand
team behavior also influence from this driver. Group member make effective plan to generate
awareness about product in market.
Technology factor-
Technology advancement is another driver of change which affects positively as it help to
increase operational efficiency and also enhance consumers satisfaction level rather than past
few months in context of Jessops firm (Ebrahiem, Al-Maghrabi and Mobarki, 2017).
Organization by adopting new technologies cater technological solutions in response to change,
by offering services and items that show way that people take, utilize and distribute images
business will grow more and more. It enhances the productivity and profitability of company
after selling their products with advanced technology features. Management also aware their
consumers about all multichannel services that is beneficial for business. It enhances
performance and productivity level of individual in effective manner. Team members feel more
able to complete their work on timely manner.
SWOT-
Strength-
Skilled applicants are considered as driver of change they contribute and support while
implementing change in workplace. Jessops company with strong workforce is able to satisfy
their consumers by offering services or products according to needs. It has a full range of items
and diverse purchasing channels that allow firm to adopt change.
Weakness-
Jessops company focus on productivity they do not focus on market trends in effective
manner that impact on its business may be negatively.
Opportunity-
In recent time, cameras are famous among young populations. Moreover, local and
national authority emphasizes on progress of private sector which enhance company competition.
Expansion of fashion and marketing markets will increase domestic demand for photography

services it is one of best opportunities for Jessops that they can obtain to gain competitive
advantages.
Threat-
Intense competition in sector in which Jessops operate posses threat for company as it put
high pressure on firm to beat competitors and sustain for long with marketplace.
Measures taken to minimize negative impacts of change on organizational behavior
Change refers to procedure of changing an company’s processes, technologies, strategies
and culture as well as impact of such modification on firms. In context of above case study,
Jessops Company faces several issues due to political and economic factors that impact on its
organizational behavior negatively. Waste electrical and electronic equipment regulations put
high pressure on firm to reduce use to plastic materials as well as electric waste that increase
land pollution. In respond to this change company had to take appropriate action as they follow
terms and conditions of this regulation. They had to set up convenient battery recycling points in
their outlets that allow people to charge their electronic items. This action reflects a dedication to
reduce organization behavior impact due to change. It will give company competitive benefits
over its competitors that have not consider these initiatives. Management had to conduct more
practices and focus on improving their production procedure according to WEEE regulations. It
can be said by complying with WEEE regulations Jessops can sustain for longer and retain their
consumers for long period which increases their sales rather than before (Fletcher-Watson and
Hampton, 2018). It is really very important for firm to minimize the negative effects of change
by taking right decision against pollution. But this action requires extra efforts and
knowledgeable workers who are able to contribute in restructure business which make company
capable to response effectively.
Another factor or change that impact on Jessops business behavior is recession in UK
after Brexit. Before Brexit relationship between EU and UK enhance GDP and businesses
practice effectively. It forces company to restructure their employment, operations and
production operations negatively. To minimize this impact, management had to take effective
measure as they can obtain funds from banks to finance their restructure activity. Recession
decrease sales of electronic products and profitability of company that is not suitable for business

as it may be create barrier to gain competitive advantages. By focusing on hiring procedure
company can hire skilled applicant from talent pool which in return strengthen workforce and
helps to create brand image within marketplace as market leader.
In context of negative impact of change, Jessops can take effective measures that work
well for company and make them able to overcome it. For example, workers sense when there is
instability in organizational structure, especially when it comes to restructuring. Honest
communication, open and transparency aids to reduce negative effect of all the factors that
directly impact operations and behavior of firm. It also supports to create trust and effective
relations between workers and leadership and work towards building strong as well as skilled
team. It gave individual an chance to prepare emotionally & mentally for operational change and
a good perform for moving and pivoting forward once modification have taken place. Overall it
can be said that all above measures taken by organization in regards to reduce negative influence
of change will increase the power of company to perform much better than its competitors.
Appropriate models and theories to evaluate organizational response to change
Burke Litwin model-
It is all about establishing and defining a effect and cause relationship. This model
assumes 12 organizational components that identify a change within companies. It derives their
name from two organizational medication consultants and established in 60s by George H.
Litwin and W. Warner Burke. It considered as effective and suitable model Jessops Company
can use to response change that is very essential for business (Faletta and Combs, 2018). Burke
Litwin model is useful change management tool to better comprehend all aspects of
organizations and to consider them from perspective of change. External environment, mission
and strategy, leadership, structure, systems, management practice, working climate, tasks &
skills, motivational level, individual needs, values and general performance are the 12 elements
of this model that allow management to response change.
For example, when company can set their organizational culture in context of employees
benefits which make them able to contribute in change and capable to response it effectively. By
having appropriate leadership styles leader allow employees to commit towards hard work and
permit them to participate in decision making procedure as it help to obtain better opinions. It

can be said that by setting effective organizational structure and provide responsibilities
according to job position management build team who are ready to response change. With the
help of using this model organization obtain effective strategies that they can use for managing
organizational change.
ADKAR model-
Along with above model, this theory or concept is used to response organizational change
that affects business performance and practices in effective manner. It is goal oriented model
which makes it possible for different change administration groups to concentrate on those
activities or steps that are directly connected to aims it wants to gain to (AI, 2018). It can be
utilize by manger to determine various gaps in procedure of change management so that effective
and efficient training can be offered to workers which make them able to participate in
organizational change without resistance.
Awareness-
To response change in systematic manner manager must aware their staff and team
members in regards to needs for change and requirement in context of same. When management
generates awareness among existing workforce about necessities for change they can encourage
people to take part in same activity.
Desire-
Leader and manager both play vital role in order to response change as they make plan by
working together. With the help of using plans they can understand the needs of workers and
explain them desire for change in which employees participation is the most essential key
elements of success.
Ability-
After passing above stages, manager builds effective team and enhances their capability
to incorporate change on a daily basis. It allow employees to evaluate the reason behind
modification and allow them to response it quickly that is beneficial for company as well staff.
Reinforcement-

All the efforts make by leaders and manager in workplace build strong and powerful
group in which individual with clear understand for change will always make themselves ready
for excepting organizational changes that keep it reinforce in the future as well.
Conclusion and recommendations
From above analysis, it has been analyzed that both companies are facing issues due to
drivers of change but they can response by applying effective models and its principles. In order
to complete change effectively company is recommended for adopting systems theory as it help
to strengthen work force and make them capable to contribute in any situation. It has been
analyzed that technology change put positive impact on staff performance and productivity as
well as company. But on the other hand, preference change put negative impact on individual,
team and company as they need to conducts a lot of efforts.
TASK 2
Different barriers to change and its influence on leadership decision making
Enterprise Rent A car is one of the finest organizations that has effectively continued
changing to meet market demands and always satisfied consumers. It was founded in 1975 and
founded by Jack Taylor. He create visionary ideas that revolved around its target market, his idea
was that clients would see advantages of leasing cars more than purchasing them. In order to
enhance business performance, productivity level and gain competitive advantages, management
attempt to make change within existing business structure. There are varied barriers available
which affect change procedure and decision making of leadership (Laker and et.al., 2019).
Lack of communication between management and its workers is one of the obstacles
faced by leaders while implementing change as it directly influence on leadership judgment. For
example, when managers do not communicate with their teams in effective manner which in
return decrease productivity level. People are not ready to except change as they are unable to
understand its importance due to above barrier. After considering this situation leader had to take
effective decision as they plan to communicate with all staff members regarding change and
attempts efforts to clear out the actual need and significance for change in context of business

and employees. This barrier for change impact on leadership decision making procedure
negatively. In context of Enterprise a Rent a car, poor communication influence leader to take
appropriate action. Staffs resist excepting organization structure change because they are
unaware about it. It put high pressure on leader and management to take action in regards of this
barrier. Leaders with appropriate leadership style take appropriate action and decision that
enhance communication between seniors and staff. Leader allow individual to feel free to
communicate and share their ideas with seniors.
Lack of commitment to except change is another barrier and it also influence on
decision making procedure of leadership within company. Employees do not commit to except
modification in workplace because it directly impact on its performance and motivational level.
Leader’s decision for change gets affected due to this barrier as they understand the needs of
workers and efforts to make their commitment successful. They conduct meeting and then with
the help of effective presentation shows people how change is important for all of them. It can
reduce lack of commitment and build strong team who are always ready to except any kind of
change within organization. Another barrier for change is lack of commitment it directly impact
on productivity level of staff and Enterprise a Rent a car firm negatively. It influences leadership
decision making process. It is one of the biggest barriers that affect successful change
implementation. When workers who are unable to see influence of their roles in company work
harder it causes lack of commitment. To overcome this problem leader also need to change their
leadership style they had to understand overall situations instead of focusing on factors that
impact.
Evaluate effectiveness of leadership approaches & models of change management
Change within organizations always put negative impact on staff productivity and
performance at workplace. Organization structure change identify here in context of Enterprise
Rent a car company and another change determine in regards to Jessops organization that is
transformational change. In order to response these changes and overcome its impact varied
leadership theories or approaches can be use.
Situational leadership approach-

This is one of the best leadership method used by many companies in order to handle
change and reduce its impact in workplace. In Enterprise rent a car company, workers face issues
as they are unable to work in effective manner because of organization structure change. With
this theory leaders in organization can handle overall situation in effective manner they can
understand the situations of staff and comprehend their issues that is really essential for business
success and growth as well. After understanding the reason behind problem and its impact leader
communicate with each worker and also focus on their requirement. To over issue leader with
management contribution take staff feedback, make them comfortable and provide all the
information relate to change as well as explain its importance in company. Then structure each
and every thing by considering needs of staff as it can be said that this action solve current
problem in effective manner.
Hersey Blanchard model-
This model advice that there is no individual leadership approach or style that is better
than another. It is an flexible style as well as adaptive whereby leaders in Jessops company are
motivated to consider their workers, individual or a group more than consider factors that impact
at workplace and environment around it before selecting how they will lead. Here this model is
used in context of Jesspos firm in which transformational change occur and impact on staff
abilities and performance level negatively. Company always focus on rapid change in their sector
and adapt it for gaining competitive advantages. In recent time, technology development
enhances their productivity of companies rather than before. There are varied technologies
available and developed in market to capture the best picture. Organization adopt among one
technology that affects staff performance as they feel unable to use it. To solve this issue leader
mainly focus on staff abilities and then plan training session for them to develop new skills used
for managing work with advanced feature machines in workplace. With this theory leaders in
Jesspos understand workers problems and then take appropriate action instead of focusing on
reason behind it.
Lewin’s three step model of change-

It considered as one of the most effective approaches or models of change management
used in context of Enterprise Rent- A- Car (Burnes, 2020). This model described three stages
that is essential and useful for company-
Unfreeze-
Upon realizing that firm needs to change, the first phase is to unfreeze current procedure
and takes a look at how things are complete. According to this step, manager and leader
communicate with workers before making any changes within existing organizational culture or
structure. As many people are unable to except the modification, they believe that it impact
negatively on work abilities. To manage change effectively communication is the only key
elements that help a lot in this situation. It may work and aid to convince staff of need to change
and encourage them to stick to new procedure.
Change-
After passing the first step, management come to the next one that is change. Once
leaders prepare everyone it’s moment to deploy change and direct group as they adapt. With
communication, directions and support change within Enterprise rent a car company can manage
in effective manner. It allow leader as well as manager to limit any difficulties in identify and
transition issues as they arise. After implementing change senior need to make assure that
employees has a place they can go to for help on subject. This can be a day to day meeting with
leaders, knowledge base they can refer to or manager that directing people through procedure.
Refreeze-
Once modification in organizational culture or structure have been measures, deployed
and tweaked accordant to review, leader need to refreeze their new status quo. Continue reviews
need to be taken to check that new approaches are being followed. By applying this model within
business structure organization manage change such as integration procedure of two companies
that merging cultures it defined as change.
It can be said that by using this model management effective respond to change
procedure as it is easy to implement and comprehend in Business Company unlike to other
approaches. It needed few steps which can be worked within short term period.

Schein’s organizational culture model-
Edgar proposed a concept of organizational culture where basic assumptions share values
& values shape behavior as well as practices of employees rather than before which visible part
of Jessops. This model is consist with three levels-
Artifacts-
According to this phase, management had to treat their workers effectively in order to
manage change. They need to offer appropriate and positive environment at workplace after
organizational culture or structure change as it help to keep people satisfied. Manager had to
communicate with clear vision and mission in front of employees that provide knowledge about
change in company.
Values-
It is another step of this model that helps a lot in context to change management.
According to this level manager and leader need to encourage their workers for taking part in
decision making procedure and shares their opinion as well. It helps to create effective
organizational culture and increase motivational level of individual. Thus, which in return
increase commitment scores from workers side towards implementing organization culture
change.
Basic assumptions-
When leaders the comprehend assumptions about significance of time in team and other
more, they can provide facilities accordingly that enhance practices of staff and make them ready
to contribute in managing change which is quite effective in context of Jessops.
Examine use of force field analysis
It is a change management method which was firstly conceived by psychologist Kurt
Lewin for Utilize in social conditions. Force field analysis analyses and displays forces driving
movement toward an aim and restraining movement toward hindering forces. Organization can
utilize it as business management tool in specific situation that is organizational culture or
structure change where administration planning a major modification in order to strengthen

brand image within marketplace (Capatina and et.al., 2017). It begins with analyzing the driving
forces that affects positively and then identify obstacles to change that impact negatively.
Driving forces-
Effective leadership-
With good leadership styles among leaders management drive towards success or change.
It put positive impact on organizational culture and encourages administration for making
changes that is quite effective for business growth. It considered as positive force for change that
motivate staff for performing better than before which in return increase productivity level.
Strong workforce-
Along with the above force it also put positive impact while conducting practices for
organizational structure change. With skilled and talented applicants in workplace company is
able to drive towards gaining competitive advantages. Knowledgeable employees are always
ready to contribute in making efforts for organizational structure change that is beneficial for
firm in term of increasing profitability.
Figure 1Force Field Analysis-Kurt Lewin

(Source: Force Field Analysis, 2020)
Restraining forces-
Competitors-
Existing business rivals hold power to make barriers for change they increase competitive
level rather than past few years. It considered as restraining force that reduce chance for
implementing and adopting modification.
Staff fearful of new Technology-
New and advanced technology forces workers against change, they feel uncomfortable
while working with new systems which make them unable to contribute in organizational
structure or culture change. In order to work with smart and new technologies employees had to
develop their abilities rather than before which is not possible in short term period.
It can be said that by using force field analysis Rent a car gain many benefits as it helps
to cater a visual conclusion of all different factors helping and opposing a specific idea with all
information that can be gathered regarding potential decision making into a single graph. It helps
through expanding evaluation beyond data or info itself to consider at qualitative elements that
may be have impact on failure or success of decision being examined. It was an effective method
used to consider the positive and negative forces in context of change.
CONCLUSION
From above analysis it has been concluded that there are varied drives are accessible that
affect business growth and success. By taking effective decision, organization handles the
situation and implements change in systematic manner. They can identify different factors that
impact on company operations and strategies by using PEST analysis which allow management
to take action to reduce its negative effect. Furthermore, it has been summarized that by using
Lewin’s three phase model of change and Schein’s organizational culture model firm build a
strong workforce who are ready to contribute and participate for organizational structure change
that is beneficial for people and business as well.

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