UGB 262 - Individual analysis of the included case study material

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UGB 262 - Individual
analysis of the included
case study material

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Total quality management:..............................................................................................................3
Quality assurance & quality control:...............................................................................................6
Conclusion and recommendations.................................................................................................10
REFERNCES.................................................................................................................................12
INTRODUCTION

Quality management is a tool that can be used for the purpose of achievement of higher
standards in a organisation. Present report is based on Engineering tooling company that was
started in north east England in early 1960. There are some issues that are prevailing related to
different quality measures that can be used that consist of techniques like Total quality
management, Assurance of high quality, quality control and the sustainability culture. The
company has made a realisation that because of decline in engineering in North wast England
there is very high competition that is arising from globalisation. There is highly required for
surviving throughout the industry both of competitor and customers. So the report is focus on
development of a radical strategy so that there can be long run survival of the business (Abbas,
2020). The ETC plant has been equipped with proper financial base and there are some tools that
can be used for ensuring proper management of quality in the overall production and product
range of this brand.
There is presence of high standards of commitment & loyalty of their workforce that is
rewarding this brand in many ways such as there is embracing of modern principles of
management. The new contract with North eats hospital management is helping ETC in getting
worldwide recognition for their wide product range and the image of this company. They are
now measures that have to be understand for development of a quality improvement strategy.
Total quality management:
TQM is a continuous process that is used for detection and reduction of errors in the
overall process of manufacturing of products, streamlining of supply chain management,
elimination of overall errors, improvement of the customer experience and ensuring that there is
proper training that is provided to employees. There are certain principles that are part of the
process of Total quality management as mentioned below:

Customer focussed: Customer is the one who is ultimately responsible for ensuring high
level of quality. There is a need to have some specific measures to ensure that there is high
quality maintenance such as integration of quality in the designing process, upgrdation of
software and customers (Androniceanu,, 2017). It is used for determination of efforts by the
target customers of it has been worthwhile or not on part of the organisation.
Total quality improvement: Employees must participate in having higher performance
towards common objective. There is need of having high commitment of employees so that there
can be a higher system of employee performance. There is also a need of integration of
continuous effort for improvement in the normal business functions. There is need of a self
managed teams at work for ensuring higher empowerment.
Integration system: There are different functional specialists that are part of vertically
structured departments. They posses a horizontal process that must be having high
interconnection with a approach towards TQM. There are two different types of process such as
micro process help in adding value to larger processes and all this has to be integrated properly
in ETC for implementation of strategy (Dahlgaard-Park, Reyes,and Chen, 2018). The
management of ETC has to set up a vision, mission and a set of guiding principles for quality
policies, critical processes and objectives of a organisation. Apart from this there has to be
communication and monitoring of business performance in a continuous manner.

Tools like ISO 9000 standards have to be used to fostering of a good quality culture. The overall
integration system will help in continuous improvement of quality and help in meeting of
expectations of employees, customers and all other stakeholders.
Process centring: It is a fundamental aspect of TQM that is having focus on process
thinking. It is a series of steps that are taking various inputs from suppliers & then transforming
them to output that have to finally delivered to customers. In Engineering tooling company there
is need of defining of the process and setting up of performance measures that have to be
continuously monitored for detection of any type of unexpected variations.
Systematic and strategic approach: It is a critical part of the process of quality
management that is used for systematic and strategic approach for achievement of mission,
vision and goals of a organisation (Kiran, 2016). This process is regarded as the process of
strategic management and strategic planning that consist of formulation of strategic plan so that
there can be proper integration of quality as the core components in all products of Engineering
tooling company.
Continuous improvement of process: It is a very important aspects as it is related with
making continuous improvements that can help a organisation in been more analytical & at same
time creative so that they are able to identify in finding the ways that can help in meeting up of
shareholder expectation.
Decision based on facts: For understand the performance of a organisation it is important
to collect the data on performance measures. TQM needs that a organisation has to collect and
make a Malaysians so that the process of decision making can improve and be accurate. It is also
very helpful in achievement of high consensus. It will also lead for Engineering tooling company
to help in making right predictions based on past collected data of the organisation.
Communication: In the case of organisation change and also when there is delay
functioning there is need of effective communication so that there can be maintaining of
employee morale (Lim, 2020). It will also lead towards motivating of employees at various
levels. In electrical tooling company this strategy consist of methods, strategies and timeliness.
From the above discussed elements of Total quality management approach there are
some of aspects that are very important to be considered by ETC in the functioning of
organisation so that the main problems that they are facing related to maintaining of high quality
can be adopted to achieve higher quality measures.

Quality assurance & quality control:
Quality assurance: It can be defined as a activity that can be used by a organisation for
ensuring that there are best products and services that are offered by a organisation to their
customers. It is having focus on improvement of process so that high quality products can be
defined to customers (Mittag and Rinne, 2018). It is used for ensuring that process is effective
and efficient according to high quality standards for various products. There are several steps
that are part of the quality assurance that is commonly regarded as the PDCA cycle and its
various phases are mentioned below:

Plan: Organisation has to plan and then there mist be establishment of process according to set
objectives. There should also be determination of process for delivering high quality of end
product.
Do: In ETC there has top be development of process after there has been appropriate testing so
that there can be timely “do” change in the process.
Checking: After the process has been initiated and it is completed. There has to be monitoring of
the process, making of nay modifications and the further checking if there is meeting of per
determined objectives or not.
Act: After there has been checking of the process there are some actions that are determined and
that have to be adopted to achieve overall improvement in process.
There are basic three methods that can be used as a aprt of Quality assurance as mentioned
below:
Statistical process control: It is a method that was started by Walter shewartz that is to use
different statistical methods for management and controlling of product quality.
Total quality management: This is a method that can be adopted for continuous improvement
and can be applied in overall manufacturing process so that high amount of defects and wastage
can be avoided.
Continuous failure testing: It is a method where there is testing of the manufacture products so
that there so no failure or breakage in any type of conditions that might be not favourable.
Quality assurance & quality control is a term that can be used interchangeably in any
organization. Quality assurance is a term that is part of the quality management and having focus
in providing high confidence in the type of quality requirements. It is a confidence that is part of
internal management of the organisation (Mohammed, Alotibie, and Abdulaziz, , 2016). It will
be external in case of ETC for their external stakeholder that includes government agencies,
customers, certifies, regulators, third parties. There is a alternate definition that planned &
systematic activities have to implemented in a quality system so that there can be demonstration
of providing confidence related to high requirements of quality.

Quality control: Quality control is a tool that is part of the quality management and is
having focus on fulfilment of overall quality requirements, quality assurance is having relation
with the way process has to be performed and how the quality of products will be controlled in
ETU so that there can be proper inspection of the quality management aspects (Mukhopadhyay,
2020). The alternative meaning is the quality control is a operational technique that is used for
fulfilling variolous quality requirements.
Quality control is a software engineering process that can be adopted for ensuring high
quality of product in ETC. it will not be having any type of assassination with the process but it
deals with the end products or the final outcomes. The main objective is to check if products has
been able to meet customer expectations. If there is any issue identified before hand then it has to
be delta before delivering it to customers.
There are some tools that can be used by ETYC for maintaining high quality a mentioned below:
Checklist: It means preparation of a list that is very imperative in the process of manufacturing of
products. It helps in following of ways that are important for maximisation of quality.
Scatter diagrams: It is a graph that can be used for plotting of information on two different axis
that is developing a relationship among two basic variables. Those factors that are affecting
quality of products can be identified (Mundiri, 2017).
Histogram: It is a graph that can be used for depicting frequency of errors that can occur in
manufacturing process.
Control charts: These are the charts that can be used for making a analysis of controlling overall
impact of process that is done for production of products.
Illustration 1: Quality
assurance & quality control

Quality assurance and audit functions:
Auditing is a part of overall quality assurance function it is important for ensuring
quality as a tool to compare the actual situations with the requirements and then reporting the
results to management.
In THE QUALITY AIDIT, charels mill write about the inspections and auditing
practices that they can never be interchangeable. Auditor can make use of techniques of
inspection as a evaluative took but audit has to be used for conducting of various verification
activities that results in final rejection or acceptance of a service or a product. Audit involves
about the evaluation of process and then controlling the production and further verification takes

place. In ETU this system of formal management has to be evolved with the direct control of
management so that there can be a proper Quality management system that is used as a part of
environmental & other management systems (Sadler, 2017).
Different activities of quality control includes walkthrough, inspection, testing and the
review of checkpoint, on other hand quality assurance activities will include quality auditing,
defining of process, identification of tool and its selection and lastly there is testing based on
processes and the quality standards.
Creation of a sustainable quality culture:
Quality is a key competitive factors that is part of every industry and is related to
meeting of customer expectation with every step of the vale chain that includes activities like
R&D, procurement, production, sales, and finally comes the after sales services. There are many
times problems with translation of quality to lower level of customers that may lead to higher
cost and lowering of revenues (Sahoo, and Yadav, 2017). Quality culture in a organisation is
having relation with values, norms and shared beliefs that can help in maximisation of the
satisfaction of customers by continuously working on improving quality of products. It is
regarded as the culture of shared belief, attitude and values that are governing all members of a
organisation. It helps in coming together of a particular driving force for emnsuirni8ng a
sustainable culture that is prevailing in the environment.
Many times if a organisation is not having culture of innovation that is because of
several factors such as failing to follow some restrictions, having preferences for innovation as
compared to quality and solving some problems. There are some measures that can be used for
ensuring higher measures for sustainable quality creation in organisation:
Illustration 2: Quality
assurance

 Structure & system: It is crucial to have a structure that can support in improvement of
quality. There has to be strict governance, documentation and proper decision making
that can help in building of right quality culture. Employee engagement: It is a factor that is concern with development of trust
relationships with employees and increasing efficiency by providing them training so that
there can be efficient performance of task (van Kemenadeand Hardjono, 2019). It will
help in increasing the contribution made by employees as individuals towards their
assigned roles. Continual improvement: This aspects is having relation with making continuous
improvements in the way functions are performed in the organisation. So that if there are
any errors that can be avoided as early as possible resulting in higher productivity in the
organisation. Team collaboration: It is very necessary that there has to be formation of effective teams
that can help in proper coordination among teams. This effective coordination and
collaboration will help in achievement of pre set quality standards. Commitment of leaders: It is very important that leaders are helping in creating a culture
that is for enhancing employee motivation so that problem faced by customers can be
solved.
 Reasons for quality defects: There are some defers that can be part of any organisation
like fail to follow instructions, it is a situation where the employees are not able to work
towards the required standards of quality. Another major reason can be having higher
preferences for innovation rather than quality. That is a consumer may focus on having
innovations in minimum period of time and assuming higher risks (Seyfried and Pohlenz,
2018). Such as in ETC there has been risk assessments as there has been higher scenario
of complaints.

Conclusion and recommendations
From the above made discussion it is concluded that quality management is a great tool
that can help in creation of higher value for customers. It will help in attracting more customers
and lead to enhancement of competitive advantage of a organisation. Quality is a very crucial
factors that can lead towards maintaining of a loyal customer base. So organisation like
Engineering tooling company has to use the\s techniques of maintaining higher quality so that
there can be process of rapid expansion that can take place in for purpose of ensuring a proper
standards of quality management. There are some of the tools that are applied by the quality
management department in organisation like Engineering tooling company such as quality
assurance, quality control, total quality management and a sustainable culture of quality to make
sure that there is focus on summarising and assignment of improvement in the process of
organisation. It will help in ensuring that there is suitability of the overall culture of quality.
There is also a need of making proper summarisation of the improvement that are taking place in
organisation by adoption of culture of quality. For achievement of higher sustainable culture of quality assurance there is need to
change the overall behaviour of employees there is need to make some adjustments in
the context of their work. There has to be modifications in process, structure of
organisation, metric of performance a and the overall incentive system. Further
Electronic tooling company can also use the shifting of attitude and values so that there
can be a sustainable improvement of quality. It is necessary to understand the behaviour
of employees and made them realise the need to change. For quality assurance: For the purpose of creating best quality assurance there is need to
create a robust testing environment by selection of a appropriate criteria. There has to be
use of automated testing to avoid areas of high risk and then save money. It lead to
fastening of process.
 Process approach: There must be use a approach that can help in attainment of desired
objective according to the available resources that have to be managed effectively. This
has to be accompanied by a system approach to management that is related to
identification, understand and management of all systems that are interrelated to a
process. There is need of a quality control that involves transformation of resources that
are part of production process.

 There has to be proper allocation of time period for each activity of process. Further there
is need to prioritize the activities in whole process.
 There is need to form a dedicated security & a performance testing team. It will help in
stimulation of customer accounts to the production environment.
 There should be use of some training & development programs is that there can be
development of required skills that are every necessary to enhance the performance level
of employees. It will also lead towards increasing their effectiveness and reduction of
number of errors. TQM is also very helpful in improvement of process & integration of
work. Quality management is part of radical strategy that has been used by organisation
to ensure their long term survival in the technology industry to which they belong.
 There should be adoption of quality assurance standards in ETC so that ISO 9000 can be
used to enhance the authenticity & reliability of product manufactured by ETC.
 Various quality controlling tools that have been discussed above must be adopted it
includes checklists and control charts to ensure higher quality standards that can be
applied by a organisation to enhance quality of their process. Tools such as ISO 9000
standards have to be used for the purpose of using it as a measure to maintain the
required quality by customers so that there can be proper sustaining of quality culture.
 Electronic engineering company has to lay their emphasis and focus in factual decision
making that is adoption of various performance metrics is that there can be monitoring of
progress so that there is high employee involvement and increase in employee morale.

REFERNCES
Books & Journal
Abbas, J., 2020. Impact of total quality management on corporate green performance through the
mediating role of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Cleaner Production, 242, p.118458.
Androniceanu, A., 2017. The three-dimensional approach of Total Quality Management, an
essential strategic option for business excellence. Amfiteatru Economic, 19(44), pp.61-78.
Dahlgaard-Park, S.M., Reyes, L. and Chen, C.K., 2018. The evolution and convergence of total
quality management and management theories. Total Quality Management & Business
Excellence, 29(9-10), pp.1108-1128.
Kiran, D.R., 2016. Total quality management: Key concepts and case studies. Butterworth-
Heinemann.
Lim, D., 2020. Quality assurance in higher education: A study of developing countries.
Routledge.
Mittag, H.J. and Rinne, H., 2018. Statistical methods of quality assurance. Routledge.
Mohammed, K., Alotibie, B.A. and Abdulaziz, A., 2016. Total quality management in Saudi
higher education. International Journal of Computer Applications, 135(4), pp.6-12.
Mukhopadhyay, M., 2020. Total quality management in education. SAGE Publications Pvt.
Limited.
Mundiri, A., 2017. Organizational Culture Base On Total Quality Management In Islamic
Educational Institution. ADRI International Journal Of Islamic Studies and Social
Sciences, 1(1).
Sadler, D.R., 2017. Academic achievement standards and quality assurance. Quality in Higher
Education, 23(2), pp.81-99.
Sahoo, S. and Yadav, S., 2017. Entrepreneurial orientation of SMEs, total quality management
and firm performance. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management.
Seyfried, M. and Pohlenz, P., 2018. Assessing quality assurance in higher education: quality
managers’ perceptions of effectiveness. European Journal of Higher Education, 8(3),
pp.258-271.
Seyfried, M. and Pohlenz, P., 2018. Assessing quality assurance in higher education: quality
managers’ perceptions of effectiveness. European Journal of Higher Education, 8(3),
pp.258-271.

van Kemenade, E. and Hardjono, T.W., 2019. Twenty-first century total quality management:
the emergence paradigm. The TQM Journal.
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