Leading Change: Managing Risk and Execution

This assignment requires students to analyze the importance of leading change in organizational settings, particularly focusing on managing risk and executing changes effectively. The student is expected to discuss the need for a structured approach to change management, citing relevant literature and research studies. The assignment also asks students to reflect on the role of leadership in driving cultural change and adapting to global complexities.

UNDERSTANDING AND
LEADING CHANGE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Various organisational examples where there has been an impact of change on an
organisation’s strategy and operations...................................................................................1
P2 Ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team and........3
individual behaviours............................................................................................................3
P3 Measures that can be taken to minimise negative impacts of change on organisational. .6
behaviour...............................................................................................................................6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
P4 Various barriers for change and determine how they influence leadership decision- making
................................................................................................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
Covered in PPT.......................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Understanding and leading change prepare the participants to meet with issues which
come with initiating as well as executing change. Change is a main factor that bring some
different as well as new at workplace. Changes plays necessary role in business as well as
success of company for attaining specific targets. This present report is based on two different
organisation and these are Sainsbury and Marks & Spencer. Both firms deals in retail sector and
also provide their services in all over the world. Under this mention report will be discuss about
ways under which external and internal drivers of change that impact on team, individual
behaviour and leadership (Denison and et. al., 2012). Various barriers for change and their
influence on decision making of leadership will be mention here.
TASK 1
P1 Various organisational examples where there has been an impact of change on an
organisation’s strategy and operations
Change- It is process by which something becomes varied. It occurs because of external
and internal factors which are available in the business environment. The nature of change is
based on flexibility in strategies as well as policies of company. Sainsbury and Marks & Spencer
both companies are deal in the retail industry and they provide its high quality services and
products at global level. They are large size business firms and some of internal factors such as
technological capacity, culture, morale of employee etc. can lead the changes. They operate its
business in many different countries so some external factors such as political, economical,
social, technological, legal and environmental factors are impact on its operations (Doppelt,
2017).
Need for identification of such changes
For making any kind of change, company develop an effective policy that helps in
motivate the staff members in order to achieve targets with in given period of time. For
implementing change at workplace, Sainsbury and Marks & Spencer both firms uses the change
related theories. It is helpful in reducing the negative impact of change on future operations of
companies. Through identification of change, both firms can get many opportunities which are
mention below:
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Team building- It is necessary that employees should be working in a team and through
this they can attain the set objectives with in given time period. The non- consideration of the
changes impact on the leadership along with communication between the team members. In
order to execute the change, team building is necessary (Feldman, Hart and Milosevic, 2017).
Encourage innovation- Determination as well as exception of change is helpful in
motivate the staff members to make improvement in knowledge and competencies in a better
manner. It will helps in encourage the employees to enhance their passion and think some
innovative ideas.
Sainsbury-
It is second Largest supermarket chain in United Kingdom with 16.9% market share in
supermarket sector. This company adopted the self- service retailing in UK. It splits in three
different divisions such as Sainsbury's Argos, Sainsbury Supermarket Ltd., Sainsbury's Bank.
The new change that Sainsbury company can bring is Data management software. It is helpful in
manage the data and information of consumers and staff members.
Marks & Spencer-
It is British Multinational retailer in London. This firm is listed on London Stock
Exchange. It is specialises in selling of home products, luxury food items and clothing. In this
present time t has 979 stores in United Kingdom. It provide its products in many different
countries. The Marks & Spencer brings the change by adopting new technology at workplace.
Through this, company can make improvement in its business operations (Hintz and Bahia,
2013).
Impact of change on organisational operations and strategies of Sainsbury and Marks &
Spencer
Strategies M&S Sainsbury
Marketing strategies Marks & Spencer deals in a
retail sector and it is one of the
largest retail company in
United Kingdom. It makes
some changes in its business
through determine the changes
and make them in its policies.
Sainsbury company is a
supermarket and it provide its
services in all over the world.
The management of Sainsbury
use the new technology in
order to expand business at the
global level in order to target
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It gives a better opportunity to
company for run business for
long period of time. It uses the
marketing mix as its marketing
strategy. With the help of
using the advanced
technology, company develops
high quality of services,
enhance the business
operations.
the large number of
consumers. Marketing strategy
of Sainsbury is that it can use
the Data Management
Software to save and manage
the data of its competitors.
Pricing Strategies The external factors such as
income level of people,
behaviour of customers affect
on this type of strategy. This
company adopt the
competitive pricing strategies.
Under this, change is related to
adopting new technology.
Through this, quality will be
improve, cost of production
will be less and company can
able to provide its goods at
reasonable cost to customers.
The Sainsbury company using
the medium low pricing
strategy. It is beneficial for
those customers whose income
level is medium and they are
not able to afford the
expensive products. Through
using this kind of strategy,
company can sustain at
marketplace for long period of
time. In context to pricing,
adopt this technology is one
time investment for company.
As, one of the change that are
faced by organisation Now
days is about adoption new
technologies which required
high amount of investment.
This change force an
organisation to change their
pricing strategies as the profit
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margin is not able to cover
their variable expenses.
P2 Ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team and
individual behaviours
Change drive refers to an external and internal pressure that give the shape to change that
takes place in company. It consist change to plans, designs, strategies, services, operations and
products (Hrebiniak, 2013). There are two different kinds of change drivers and these are
mention below:
Internal drivers- It consist those factors which are available with in company. These can
be culture of an organisation, financial resources, technological capacity and many others. These
kinds of factors can be helpful in minimize the capability of company in order to attain targets
with in given period of time. The main internal key drivers of change are capabilities, resources,
Dissatisfaction, inventions etc.
External drivers- Under this, only those factors are included which are available outside
the business. There is no control of Marks & Spencer on external factors like political, consumer
satisfaction, rivals and many others. These factors develop the negative as well as positive
impact on business (Keppel and et. al., 2012). Different external key drivers of change are
customers, technology, competitors, government etc.
Impact of Internal drivers of change
These kind of change drivers develop its impact on employee behaviour as well as teams
which are currently working in Sainsbury and Marks & Spencer company. These impact on
qualities of leadership between staff members and it reduce their capacity in context to perform
the various functions of companies in an effective manner. The main key internal drivers are
Impact on these factors are given below:
Morale of Employees- For an organisation, strength as well as confidence level of an
individual or group is necessary. If morale of staff members will not be increased then they will
not be committed towards their job. In order to motivate the employees, it is necessary that
Sainsbury and Marks & Spencer should provide the better working conditions to them. It is
necessary that leaders should enhance morale of employees so that they can work in a team with
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each other. It will be helpful in develop the positive impact on behaviour, leadership and team
(Kotter, 2012).
Technological capacity- Any new innovation make old obsolete. In order to enhance the
business operations and activities, company use the new technology. It give the shape to
operations of business for long period of time. In this present time period, organisation uses the
technology to make change in process of production. Through this, Sainsbury and Marks &
Spencer can compete with their strong rivals. It is essential that leaders should guide their team
members about any new technology in a better manner so that they can not face any issue and
can able to work in easy manner (Lee, and Byun, 2012). In case if leader will not guide them and
they do not have any idea to use new technology then it will develop negative impact on the
leadership and behaviour of employees.
Financial management- It is major factor of business. There is a direct relationship
among the business and money. If company will be financially stable then it can take its own
decisions related to introduce new asset, buy raw material, proper distribution of fund and many
others. If company will not have proper fund then it can not perform its business operations and
can impact on decision making and leadership of companies (Mukherjee and et. al., 2012).
Impact of External drivers of change
External change drivers are those which are occurred outside the firm. The impact of the
external drives of change mention below as above:
Technology- It is a necessary aspect because it shape operations of company to run
business for long period of time. Technology consists discoveries, inventions and using some
techniques for converting resources in final product. It is helpful for Marks & Spencer and
Sainsbury firms to perform the business operations and activities in cheaper way and satisfy
needs and demands of consumers. Leaders should provide the training to team members and
influence them in positive manner. Through using advanced technology, employees can
communicate with customers and it will develop positive impact on the behaviour of person and
leadership.
Economy- Under this, there is close relationship among economic environment and
company. Performance level of firm is based on economic environment of country. Under this,
financial fluctuation such as deflation and inflation negativity impact on business of Sainsbury
and Marks & Spencer (Salmela, Eriksson and Fagerström, 2012). If economic environment of
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firm will be change then it will develop impact on business or its performance. Through this,
productivity of firm will be reduced. So, leaders need to give their more efforts and lead the
employees to enhance their performance level. It will hamper work of team members and
leaders. So, its impact will be negative on leadership and team.
New rivals- In this, competition make business world challenging. In context to this, new
rivals are trouble for Sainsbury and Marks & Spencer firms because they come with new
technology, innovations in order to provide the products to consumers at reasonable cost and
satisfied their needs. It is complex for old firms to make changes in their products rapidly
because they already have more stocks. If at market place, there are any new organisation will
enter in existing markets then in this case, leaders will need to develop new strategies, guide
team members and employees will require more time to understand this. So, it will negatively
develop impact on individual behaviours, leadership and team.
P3 Measures that can be taken to minimise negative impacts of change on organisational
behaviour
Change is a necessary factor that each and every company to be implement at workplace
for the purpose of enhance efficiency of business operations. In order to make business
successful, firms require to take some of effective measures related to reducing negative change
effects. For reduce the impact of change, it is important that management should include staff
members at the time of implementing change (Scheffran and et. al., 2012). For manage the
change in a better manner, it is essential for both organisations to use some models and
approaches in efficient manner. There are different approaches and their functioning mention
below:
Lewin 3 stage change model- It is process of change that entails for developing
perception that change is required and then move towards new in a better manner. It consists
three different steps like unfreezing, changing, refreezing. It is very simpler model for
understand regarding the process of change. Different stages in this change model given below:
Unfreezing: It is an initial stage and consists develop a better environment where desire
to alteration is very pervasive as well as motivate the staff members to move in new direction.
This stage includes setting stage for the change through justifying requirement for change in
obsolete technology, business practices, behaviours etc. This stage aware the employees about
change and also tell them about importance of change.
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Changing: Under this, after develop the change environment in unfreezing stage, there is
actual alteration beginning where all stakeholders of company find working ways and also learn
the new values, technologies, processes, behaviours and attitudes. Under this, it is a
responsibility of management of Sainsbury and Marks & Spencer is to support the staff members
regarding change.
Refreezing: It is last stage and consists freezing process to change and the employees
behaviour is developed at the mid stage. It is a procedure of stabilizing, solidifying and
reinforcing new stage after alteration (Stanleigh, 2013). Company or system by adoption of new
habits as well as structure is to be refrozen in new state. It assuring that all stakeholders do not
back in old working ways. For reinforcing as well as strengthening new changes or behaviour in
working way, management should give reward to employees and also provide the positive
reinforcements that can be aid in adopt the new working ways.
Bohner and Arnold change impact analysis: This theory determining potential
consequences of the change and also estimate that what requires to alter for attaining change. It
creates transparency regarding changes to company for each group and it is necessary to plan and
also conduct any kind of relevant change related management activities. It is helpful in
determining negative consequence of changes. It is applied through management of Sainsbury
and Marks & Spencer to reduce risk and make improvement in performance. Determination of
the consequences are helpful in prepare an effective strategies as well as business plan which
aids in achieving the specific targets (Tang, Lu and Hallinger, 2014).
TASK 2
P4 Various barriers for change and determine how they influence leadership decision- making
In the business environment, there are many barriers present. They impact on capacity
and working abilities of firm concerned with change. In context to change, management of
Sainsbury and Marks & Spencer uses the Force Field Analysis:
Force- filed analysis- It gives an effective framework for looking towards those factors
which influence on situations. Its main aim is to analyse those factors which help in found
complex issues. It frame the issues in context to pressures or factors which restraining forces and
also support any changes in desired direction. Under this, five different stages are included which
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aids in collect all the information to executing change at workplace. Steps included in Force
Field analysis are mention below:
Step 1: Plan for change
It is a first step and consists description of vision and goals for which company accept
changes in conducting the business operations in an effective manner (Wagner, 2016). Main
motive of Marks & Spencer behind the change is to achieve the competitive benefit, innovation,
gain consumers loyalty, attain large market share etc.
Step 2: Identification of forces for change
It gives information about those factors which are the major reason for implementing
change at workplace. It is segmented into two different parts external and internal and these are
mainly faced by Marks & Spencer:
Internal drivers
 Less employee morale.
 Outdated technology
 Competition
External drivers
 Needs of consumers.
 Unsuitable business environment.
Step 3: Identification of forces against changes
This step consists only those factors which are reason behind resist change.
Internal resistors
 Structure of an organisation.
 Organisational culture
External resistors
 Commitment towards partner company.
 Rules and regulations of government
Step 4: Assign scores
It is related to rating forces according to their weaknesses and strengths which
influencing the power on functions of companies. Scores cannot be favourable and also in
favourable.
Step 5: Analysis and application
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It is a last step and in this company will analyse consequences and effect of the change
and then execute it at workplace. It is helpful in achieving aims and objectives which are set
through organisations.
Barriers for change and their impact on decision-making
Management of Marks & Spencer wants to be execute change because they believe that
change can be develop positive impact on company. In order to understanding the barriers
related to change management can be helpful for business to develop the effective strategies for
determining as well as executing change. There are many barriers such as government,
satisfaction level of consumers, staff members etc. (Yoder-Wise, 2014). Some barriers are
mention below which effect on decision making of leadership:
Government regulations - The government of every country is different and they have
varied legislations which are necessary to be comply through firms. Marks & Spencer
organisation conduct their business at global level and if other country is not permit to both firms
to execute change then through this their profit level as well as productivity will be reduced. In
order to overcome from this barriers, Marks & Spencer should be aware about the aware about
the rules and regulations of other country.
TASK 3
Covered in PPT
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from above mention report that change is helpful in enhance the
business operations and activities of firm in an effective manner. In order to accept the change,
Sainsbury and Marks & Spencer both firms enhance morale of their staff members. Due to
external and internal change drivers, Sainsbury and Marks & Spencer can determine need for
execute the changes that helps in minimize risk which can be arise from change.
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REFERENCES
Books & Journals
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the dynamic shear rheometer. Road Materials and Pavement Design. 14(sup2). pp.231-
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Hrebiniak, L.G., 2013. Making strategy work: Leading effective execution and change. FT Press.
Keppel, G. and et. al., 2012. Refugia: identifying and understanding safe havens for biodiversity
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Kotter, J.P., 2012. Leading change. Harvard business press.
Lee, G. and Byun, T., 2012. An explanation for the difficulty of leading conceptual change using
a counterintuitive demonstration: The relationship between cognitive conflict and
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Mukherjee, D. and et. al., 2012. Leading virtual teams: how do social, cognitive, and behavioral
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Stanleigh, M., 2013. Leading change. The Journal for Quality and Participation. 36(2). p.39.
Tang, S., Lu, J. and Hallinger, P., 2014. Leading school change in China: A review of related
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Wagner, W.E., 2016. Leadership for a better world: Understanding the social change model of
leadership development. John Wiley & Sons.
Yoder-Wise, P.S., 2014. Leading and managing in nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Online
Kurt Lewin’s Change Model. 2017. [Online]. Available through: <https://daniellock.com/kurt-
lewin-change-model/>.
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