Understanding and Leading Change Sample Assignment

Understanding and leading
change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK1.............................................................................................................................................3
P1. Comparison between two organisations with impact of change on an organisational
strategy and operations................................................................................................................3
TASK2.............................................................................................................................................5
P2. Evaluation of ways through which internal and external drivers of change affect
leadership, team and individual behaviour..................................................................................5
P3 Measures that can be taken to minimise the negative impact of change on organisational
behaviour.....................................................................................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P4. Different barriers of change and their influence on decision making...................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
P5. Different approaches of leadership while dealing with change..........................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
In today dynamic environment changes are coming at rapid fast speed due to
modification in taste, preferences and opinion of people therefore it is essential for every
organisation to understand all the changes coming in external market that affects the overall
operation of business and allow them to grab all the opportunities from which they gain higher
profits and sales. In order to understand all the changes effectively it is an utmost duty of leader
to guide their employees that how alterations are essential for their future growth and
development which facilitates positive behaviour and attitude (Bin Taher , Krotov and
Silva ,2015). Under this assignment the two organisation which is preferred i.e. Thomas Cooks
and Cosmos tour which are successfully operate in UK and running the business in travel or
transportation sector. Further this project discuss about Comparison between two organisation
with impact of changes on strategy operations, Internal external drivers which affect leadership
and team, mechanism taken to minimise negative impact, barriers of change and various
approaches of leadership that affecting decision-making of company. Management team need to
understand all the criteria in order to accomplish goals and objectives.
TASK1
P1. Comparison between two organisations with impact of change on an organisational strategy
and operations
Modification in business are coming in form of policies, procedures and strategies adopted in
overall operation of business. Company further require to understand whether changes proves to
be positive and negative in nature and types of outcomes and results that can be gained from it.
Therefore it is essential for whole management to consider all the facts and procedures through
which they implement all the changes that strengthen their strategies and policies and leads to
accomplishment of vision and mission of objectives. Apart from it, there are various types of
businesses that require to modify in their operations and strategy that allow them to beat all the
challenges of competitors and leads to growth and development (Bingham and Main ,2010).
In organisation there are different kinds of changes which are linked or associated with
various strategy, policies and technology that need to be understand by manager of company so
they easily implement all the changes in effective and efficient manner. Thomas Cook and
Cosmos Tour are operate successfully in UK and chances of risk is more in large organisation as
compare to small organisation and changes adopted by two companies are described below:-

Basis Thomas Cook Cosmos Tour
External factors changes It is essential for Thomas Cook
to modify their strategies,
policies and tactics that
establish new standards and
code of conduct due to rapid
changes in political,
economical and drastic
modification in choice
perspective of customers.
Cosmos Tour operate its
business at small scale so the
effect of changes are less as
compare to big organisation
because it operate at micro
level.
Changes in structure At the time whenever any
changes and modification has
been taken place in overall
structure of organisation but
the modification is not risky
for company because they
follow appropriate hierarchy
level so there is no chances of
any mismanagement.
Structure changes in
organisation affect this kind of
organisation when they operate
at large level because of
resistance attitude or behaviour
of employees which create
barrier in growth and
development of business.
Advanced technology and
digitalisation
Thomas cook is top most
brand company in hospitality
sector that require to include
some digitalise and creative
tools mechanism in respect of
their services and this type of
change will enhance the brand
value of organisation.
Cosmos Tour in order to
maintain their sustainability
position in competitive market
whole management team of
organisation require to add
some innovative features that
allow them to gain competitive
advantage over competitors.
Therefore, in order to deal with all kind of modification in organisation, it is an utmost
responsibility of manager to create such appropriate strategies and policies in their organisation

structure that help in converting all the negative outcomes into positive ones and leads to
appropriate results to organisation. Apart from it, relationship manager need to frame such plans
policies which discuss below:- Strategy:- Modification are of two types i.e. both the positive outcomes and negative
outcome that coming from both internal and external environment therefore it is essential
for managers and leader to consider all the points and factors that help in increasing the
motivational level of employee. Apart from it, organising various training development
programmes which allow them to enhance skills capabilities of workforce and they need
to conduct PESTEL analysis through which they make such changes that shows actual
position of company.
 Operations:- Whatever the operation company conducted must analyse that whether they
will bring profitability to business. In order to gain optimisation it is essential for
business to conduct overall operations in better manner.
Therefore, it is essential for Thomas Cook and Cosmos tour to understand all the changes in
better manner that allow them to gain competitive advantage over competitors in such dynamic
environment.
TASK2
P2. Evaluation of ways through which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership,
team and individual behaviour
The term change management describe as systematic or appropriate approach that deals with all
types of transmission or transformation in overall goals, process and technologies of
organisation. The main objective of all such modification is to implement such type of strategies
for proper change that allow people to adopt all the alterations in better effective manner.
Therefore in order to grab all the external opportunities and for bringing good outcomes it is
clearly said that it is such type of mechanism, process and technology that allow them to make
better attitude in people side (Carrington , Deppeler and Moss ,2010). Further leaders need to
make analyse all the internal external factors and guide all the workforce that modification is
necessary for their personal growth and development and allow them to enhance their market
share in business. Following are the main factors of external changes that have an huge impact
on association leadership, team and individuals which describe below:-

 Customer led drivers:- In order to grow the organisation for longer period it is essential
for business to make modification in the feature, quality and preferences of customers
that allow them to satisfy the current needs wants of customers in optimum manner.
Therefore, it is essential for the leader of Thomas cook to consider customer choice as its
first priority and make modification in travel business according to it. Technology based drivers:- It is essential for business to make modification in the
technology and digitalisation process which make the organisation process more easy
and convenient. Further Thomas cook communicate all the recent offers of travel
business through online medium for the purpose of beating all the competitors from
technological point of view. Investor related factors:- It is essential for company to maintain their feasible financial
position that attract more investors to invest in that company only. The main objective of
management team is give maximum return to investors and increase the goodwill and
market share at global level.
 Competitors led driver:- Thomas Cook need to examine regarding all the competitors
which were present in external environment and affect the sales of their business.
Therefore it is essential for manager to understand all the factors elements that allow
them to beat all the challenges of rivalry.
Further, in order to calculate all the major changes coming in external environment and that the
business of Thomas Cook and Cosmos tour management require to understand all the strategies
and factor that affect their travel operations and for which they conduct PEST analysis which
describe below:- Political factors:- There are different types of factors and elements that affect politically
to overall operations of business. Thomas cook and Cosmos tours need to determine all
the political conditions like changes in government policies related to travel tourism
which affect the rules regulation related to rights of employees and employer which need
to address by company. Economical factors:- Various economical factors like inflation, deflation, change in trade
policy and purchasing power of customer affect the business operation economically.
Therefore, it is essential for Thomas Cook and Cosmos Tour to understand all the
fluctuation in demand supply and purchasing capacity of customers.

 Social factors:- Different social factors like culture, background, emotions and
sentiments of people belonging to different countries must be considered at the time of
advertising and marketing of products and services which is not detrimental to image of
company.
 Technological factor:- In today dynamic environment competition has been increased
due to advancement in technology and digitalisation in the form of company procedures
and products. Therefore, Thomas Cook need to ensure regarding all the modern
technologies that bring more profitability and customer base.
In order to frame the strategies or policies for internal management SWOT analysis has been
conducted in respect of Thomas Cook and Cosmos tour which stated below:- Strength:- Thomas Cooks is one of the largest organisation in travel tourism sector that
able to deal with all the changes coming in environment due to availability of resources.
But Cosmos tour operate its business at micro level with minimum resources leads to
negative influences on business. Weaknesses:- On the basis of deep analysis it has been observed that Thomas Cook is
highly effected by all the major changes in political and technological segment which
induces them to make modification in overall strategies at top and bottom level both. Opportunities:- It is one of the prestigious organisation in travel tourism sector which has
an ability to regularly scan external environment and make changes according to it and
grab opportunities in respect of providing them attractive travel offers according to
customer ability and wider reach because of E-marketing.
 Threats:- One of the major threats is related to existence of rivalry at the time of
providing services at national and international level. Apart from complex legal
procedures enforced by government of various countries will affect their productivity and
efficiency (Castonguay and et. al., 2010).
P3 Measures that can be taken to minimise the negative impact of change on organisational
behaviour
In every organisation changes in environment affect the overall operations in both positive and
negative manner according to the mission and objective of business. Therefore, it is an utmost
duty of manager to understand all the impacts that help in minimising overall negative impact

that help in bringing positive outcomes for business. That allow them to analysing all the
psychological effect of all such alteration on individual person.
Further, it has been generally seen that in company employees working for longer period are
adopting resistance behaviour in respect of all the essential changes which consider barrier in
growth and development. Therefore, in order to reduce or minimise all the risk of negative
impact due to changes in organisation behaviour are described below:- Pathways creations:- It is essential for manager of whole organisation to establish better
pathways in order to communicate and connected with whole workforce regarding all the
initiatives which were new and give better results (Doppelt ,2017). Explain about plans:- It is an utmost duty of the manager to explain appropriately all the
related aspect of plans and accomplish it proper manner through workforce by boosting
up their morale and encourage them to use their skills and capability in order to
implement all the changes coming in action plans for the purpose of accomplishment of
goals and objectives. Participation in meeting and conferences:- In every organisation it is an responsibility
of manager to organise an meetings and conferences in which they take an initiatives for
active participation of large employees in which they are pressurised for active
participation in order to express their opinion, viewpoints and creative ideas through
which organisation get set of alternatives from which best chosen for effective decision-
making. Planning management and its implementation:- Whole management need to find out
person who is responsible for managing all the changes and whole workforce in
appropriate manner. Further, whatever the plan that prepared must be properly
communicated among different divisions and divide the task among people according to
their specialisation that leads to effective implementation and accomplishment of daily
target at specified time period.
 Implementation of whole plans:- It is an duty or responsibility of management to
properly implement the whole plans in proper and appropriate manner. Further, it is
essential for business to establish such strategies and policies through which implement
whole changes in organisation structure in good way that allow them to minimise all the
risk that coming at the time of accomplishment of goals and objectives.

Therefore, it is essential for the whole team of Thomas Cook to implement all the strategies and
policies effectively through which they manage all the modifications in appropriate manner. In
order to execute and making the whole management process effective with all efficiencies the
company Thomas Cook use Burke Litwan model that shows about all the modifications and
effect relationship between 12 organisational dimensions that are connected with key elements
that are related with external environment which need to be scan properly in order to gain
maximum outcomes and leads to accomplishment of organisational objective related to
understanding all the changes made in whole structure of company. Apart from it, Thomas cook
require to find out all the mechanism in which they guide all the employees that if changes are
not adopted by them in their working style then there are not able to beat all the challenges of
rivalry and there is high chances of risk in respect of diluting the goodwill and brand equity of
company at global level (Emira ,2010).
TASK 3
P4. Different barriers of change and their influence on decision making
This model is developed by Edgar Schien known as professor of management emeritus
who properly described about all the impact of changes in overall organisational culture and
leadership. The hurdles coming in organisation because all the employees belongs from different
organisation culture and backgrounds so adopting all the changes in corporate culture sometime
affect their personal needs and requirement. Their are different types of issues which are related
to environmental internal external factors, bureaucracy and personality disputes among different
level of managers that create various types of problems in overall decision making.
On the other hand at the time when leader has to take different decision in relation to
product improvement, fluctuation in demand supply, adaptation of new technologies and
innovation then the main hurdle or barrier arises at the time of adopting all the rapid changes
coming in external environment in order to beat all the challenges of rivalry and for the survival
of business for longer period. Another issue may be created because of time space required for
establishing ethical culture that need lot of time, space and energy for more adjustments that
leads to loss of opportunity in business.
Self efficiency perceptions and resistance to change:-
Whenever any new modification coming in corporate culture then in such case there are
perceptions which are self assumed by workforce operated in business and they adopt the

behaviour which are not beneficial or positive for organisation because employees adopt
resistance towards modification which become barrier in overall growth and development and
they deliberately not focusing on important goals and objectives of business (Finnigan and
Stewart , 2010).
Apart from it, another issue may arises at the time of adaptation and execution of advanced
technology because all the existing employees are not professionally trained in order to adopt all
types of modification therefore, it is responsibility of leader to organise properly all the training
events in which proper learning has been given to workforce that changes are mandatory for
future growth of business.
Force field analysis:-
This model is suggested by Kurt lewin that wholly supports to all the changes coming in
corporate culture but there are various types of criticism that created in respect of this theory.
Leaders and manager both have to face different challenges at the time of taking complex
decisions. Apart from it, various losses coming may be related to loss of employee overtime,
negative impact of external environment and fear of staff at the time of adopting new advance
technologies.
Case study:-
In every organisation all the existing and new employees are trained in different seminars
and events in which particular case study is given to all employees at different departments
which are fully related to recent topics and current affairs of business in which employees given
their different opinions and perceptions which sometime create disputes among superior and
subordinate and target in respect of adopting changes are not achieved.
Situational resistance to change:-
Under this type of leadership style modification in organisation are done according to all
the activities and task that company performed for the purpose of fulfilment of objectives and
goals. The major criteria behind it is to achieve all the work at specified time period but in big
organisation company find difficulty for the proper implementation of changes due to negative
and resistance attitude of employees towards huge alteration.
Therefore it is important for Thomas Cook to consider all the barriers which arises at the time
implementation of changes so better solutions must be adopted so workforce easily establish
such strategies and tactics that need to proper understanding and leading of changes.

TASK 4
P5. Different approaches of leadership while dealing with change
In order to deal with all the changes coming in organisation situational leadership theory
has been developed by Paul Heresy and Ken Blanchard in 1969. This theory is fully depend upon
two phenomena i.e. direct behaviour and supportive behaviour of leader. The whole theory is
fully explained through four level in which under telling leader shows low supportive behaviour
and high directive action, in case of delegating leader shows low supportive and directive
behaviour and in case of selling component both the element or factor are high (Fullan ,2014).
Under this theory, it has been recommended that in today recent time leaders cannot rely
on particular management style but they try to become flexible in their leadership manner so they
get better outcomes and profits from team members. Whole situational theory show about that
how individual is capable in performing all the task and operations so that all the goals in respect
of particular assignment must be accomplish in effective manner.
Apart from it, Thomas Cook is fast growing company that need to followed situational
leadership style in order to accomplish all the task in better manner. Further, in every
organisation initiating changes is consider as big task or challenge for leader because under this
case they require to establish policies, strategies and tactics on the basis of external environment.
Modification in whole working structure or environment leads to both positive and negative
outcomes from organisation perspective. Therefore, it is an responsibility of manager to concern
regarding all the changes in process and following point related to it are described below:-
 It is an utmost responsibility of manager and leader to manage each and every thing in
appropriate manner that help in providing full information and data to all the shareholders
regarding what type of modification require and ensure that whether changes implement
or not. Further all the strategies and policies must be communicated to all the workforce
for effective working environment.
 Further if the employees is facing any time of difficulty and problems and stuck with
earlier working environment then in such case it is an responsibility of manager to know
the actual reason regarding rigid behaviour and establish such culture that leads to
coordination and cooperation among superior and subordinates.
Therefore, Thomas Cook which is UK based travel company has to adopt all the above points so
that operation related to alterations are perform properly for the better success of organisation.

Kotter's 8 step change model
In order to implement all the changes properly in organisation which provide profitable result to
business then model given by John Kotter must be adopted by management of Thomas cook
whose steps has been described below:- Increase urgency:- Under this step company aware the employees regarding the necessity
and urgency of adopting changes that leads to effective growth and development at the
grabbing opportunities. Build guiding team:- Under this step efforts is put to establish such type of team that
easily adopt all the modification coming in external atmosphere. This will further
facilitates coordination and cooperation among employees and boost up the morale also. Develop the vision:- Under this particular vision must be adopted on the basis of which
task and activities among workforce that leads to effective management and decision-
making (Hallinger and Bryant ,2013). Communicating for buy in:- Under this step leaders of team need to understand properly
all the opinion and view points of employees at the time of finalising the vision of
company that leads to effective implementation of vision through effective
communication. Empower actions:- Whatever the actions that carried out by company help in removing
all the obstacles and hurdles of business. Create short terms wins:- This will allow organisation to achieve the short term success
in business which support at the time of accomplishing bigger challenges. Don't let up:- In order to get better outcomes organisation must focus on multiple
objective instead of single one.
 Make change stick:- Whatever the changes that made in overall organisation structure
must be implemented properly for effective results.

Figure:- Kotter 8 model Figure:- Models of Kotter's change model
Therefore, it is essential for Thomas Cook to adopt all the above 8 step of Kotter change model
so this help in implementing and understanding all the changes that need to made in organisation
structure that will help in gaining competitive advantage over competitors and leads to effective
utilisation of resources.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from above whole assignment that changes are part of organisation
culture in which different policies and procedures has been established by company through
which they easily grab all the external opportunities and help in accomplishing long term
objectives of company.

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Online
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